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DEN 7111 Development > Exam 2 10/9 Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches > Flashcards

Exam 2 10/9 Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal grooves and pouches are there?

A

4

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2
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

A

Membrane between ectoderm of groove and endoderm of pouch

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3
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are lined with:

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

____ is the only cleft normally not obliterated in development

A

Cleft 1

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5
Q

Cleft _____ can persist in abnormal situations

A

2-4
little spaces can persist and collect debris, can get infected, become fistula

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6
Q

How does fusion occur in the palate?

A

Involves breakdown of actual epithelium and the merging of connective tissues

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7
Q

Abnormal structures formed when clefts remain

A
  1. cysts
  2. sinus
  3. fistula
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8
Q

Cervical sinus can form in:

A

The neck

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9
Q

Pharyngeal cleft 1 gives rise to:

A

External auditory meatus

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10
Q

Pharyngeal anomaly in cleft 1

A

Congenital auricular sinuses (pits) and cysts in triangular area of skin anterior to the ear

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11
Q

What is a cyst?

A

sealed cavity filled with air, pus, fluid

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12
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Cavity within a tissue, can open externally

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13
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal connection between 2 structures

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14
Q

What pharyngeal anomalies can occur from Cleft 2?

A

Branchial sinuses, cysts, fistulas
- lateral cervical and internal branchial

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15
Q

Lateral cervical cyst/fistula

A

Uncommon, open externally in the neck
Caused by failure of second groove/cervical sinus to obliterate

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16
Q

Internal branchial fyst/fistula

A

Rare persistent second pouch, opens into intratonsillar cleft (into pharynx)

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17
Q

Region of lateral cervical cysts and fistulas

A

Anteriorly along length of SCM

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18
Q

What do you have if a lateral cervical cyst is continuous with the outside of the neck?

A

External branchial fistula

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19
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are lined with

A

Endoderm

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20
Q

Whereas clefts are mostly obliterated, pouches:

A

turn into things

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21
Q

Distal aspect of first pharyngeal pouch forms:

A
  • tympanic membrane together with 1st cleft
  • widens and forms tympanic cavity
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22
Q

Proximal aspect of 1st pharyngeal pouch forms:

A

auditory tube (stays narrow)

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23
Q

Ossicles are derived from:

A

Neural crest 1st and 2nd arch cartilage

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24
Q

Second pharyngeal pouch gives rise to:

A

lining of crypts in the palatine tonsils (epithelium that is continuous with lining of mouth)

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25
Tonsils mostly composed of:
Mesoderm
26
27
Third pharyngeal pouch forms:
Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus
28
Dorsal wing of third pharyngeal pouch
Inferior parathyroid glands
29
Ventral wing of third pharyngeal pouch
Thymus
30
Function of parathyroid glands
Regulate body calcium and phosphate levels, secretes calcitonin
31
Thymus function
Produces T cells
32
True or false: thyroid forms from pharyngeal arches
False
33
Fourth pharyngeal pouch forms:
Superior parathyroid gland, ultimobranchial body
34
Dorsal wing of fourth pharyngeal pouch forms:
Superior thyroid glands
35
Ventral wing of fourth pharyngeal pouch
Ultimobranchial body
36
What is the ultimobranchial body
Embryonic structure that contains c-cells of thyroid (calcitonin)
37
Describe migration of thymus
Mid 6th week - lateral to thyroid 7 weeks - migrated inferior /start to change shape and fuse Parathyroids/ultimobranchial body associated with thyroid
38
Abnormalities resulting from defects in migration
1. cervical thymus 2. accessory thymus (mostly not active)
39
Typically benign anatomical abnormalities
1. Undescended parathyroid gland 2. Accessory thymic tissue 3. Persistent cord of thymic tissue 4. Ectopic inferior parathyroid gland
40
DiGeorge Syndrome deletion
22q11.2
41
DiGeorge syndrome results from:
- failure of 3rd/4th pouches to differentiate into thymus/parathyroid
42
Symptoms of DiGeorge
1. cardiac abnormality (tetralogy of fallot - hypertrophy in right ventrical) 2. thymic aplasia 3. cleft palate 4. hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
43
How does arch 1 contribute to tongue?
Anterior 2/3 of tongue epithelium
44
How does arch 2 contribute to tongue?
Covered up as arch 3 portion grows
45
How does arch 3 contribute to tongue?
Forms most of the remaining 1/3 of tongue epithelium
46
How does arch 4 contribute to tongue?
Forms just a bit of tongue at the very back of the throat
47
___ gives rise to tongue muscles
Occipital somites
48
Palatoglossus muscle
Derived from arch 4
49
CN V innervation to tongue
Sensory anterior 2/3
50
CN VII innervation to tongue
Taste Anterior 2/3
51
CN IX innervation to tongue
Sensory and taste to posterior 1/3
52
CN X innervation to tongue
Sensory, just a bit by throat
53
CN 12 innervation to tongue
Tongue muscles
54
Development of tongue
- lateral swellings of first arch fuse and grow out - copula covered as third arch grows - fourth arch forms base of tongue - sulcus terminalis separates anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3, points to foramen cecum
55
Thyroid forms from ___ posterior to ____
endodermal diverticulum; floor of 1st arch
56
True or false: thyroid is a midline structure
True
57
What does thyroid diverticulum do
Elongates into thyroglossal duct, obliterated later in development
58
Where does thyroglossal duct connect with tongue
Foramen cecum
59
Where does thyroid migrate to
Anterior of trachea
60
Function of thyroid gland
Regulates metabolism, sensitivity to hormones, etc
61
Pathway of descent for thyroid gland
1. foramen cecum 2. past epiglottis 3. past hyoid bone 4. past thyroid cartilage 5. just inferior to cricoid cartilage
62
Thyroglossal duct cysts/sinuses caused by
Failure of thyroglossal duct to completely pinch off and degenerate
63
Thyroglossal cysts/sinuses mostly seen by/symptoms
- 5 years old - asymptomatic unless infected - midline, painless, moveable neck mass
64
Ectopic thyroid
Lingual, thyroid usually not in the right place commonly associated with hypothyroidism 5x more common in females

DEN 7111 Development (19 decks)

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