Exam 3 - Salivary Glands Colombo Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Specialized mucosa covers the:
A
Anterior 2/3 of the dorsal tongue
2
Q
There are several types of ____ on the tongue, some of which contain taste buds
A
Papilla
3
Q
Papilla are specialized:
A
Epithelial structures
4
Q
What types of papillae are found on the tongue?
A
- Filiform papillae
- Fungiform papillae
- Foliate papillae
- Circumvallate papillae
5
Q
Filiform papillae
A
- Majority, predominant in body of the tongue
- no taste buds
6
Q
Fungiform papillae
A
- larger than filiform papillae
- mostly at tip of tongue
- taste buds on upper surface
7
Q
Foliate papillae
A
- along posterior sides of the tongue
- not very prominent in adult humans
- taste buds on sides in crypts
8
Q
Circumvallate papillae
A
- along the junction of the body and base of tonsillar area of the tongue
- quite large
- taste buds
9
Q
Filiform has what kind of epithelium?
A
Keratinized epithelium
10
Q
Most numerous type of papillae on the tongue
A
Filiform
11
Q
Filiform papillae are used for:
A
Gripping food
12
Q
Fungiform papillae have what kind of epithelium?
A
Nonkeratinized epithelium
13
Q
Foliate papillae have what kind of epithelium?
A
Nonkeratinized epithelium
14
Q
Circumvallate papillae have what kind of epithelium?
A
Keratinized epithelium
15
Q
How many circumvallate papillae are usually there on the tongue?
A
Only 10-12 of them
16
Q
Circumvallate papillae contain taste buds down in ___and are associated with ____ which are serous salivary glands that wash out the crypts
A
Crypts; von Ebner’s glands
17
Q
What are taste buds?
A
- specialized sensory cells, composed of a cluster of chemoreceptive spindle cells
- mostly in papillae but some around soft palate/pharynx
18
Q
Taste buds are a ____ shaped structure
A
Barrel
19
Q
Where do the apical ends of taste buds terminate?
A
Just below the surface in the taste pit
20
Q
The taste pit communicates with the surface through the ____
A
Taste pore
21
Q
Where do different taste signals come from?
A
From binding different receptors, which trigger various signaling cascades
22
Q
True or false: there are distinct regions for different tastes
A
False - no distinct structural regions for different tastes, likely due to distribution of receptor expression
23
Q
What is the major secretion of the oral cavity?
A
Saliva
24
Q
Saliva functions
A
- Lubricates the mouth via mucous secretion
- Buffering: bicarbonate, phosphate ions protect the teeth against demineralization
- Digestion: begins digestion of carbohydrates via salivary amylase in serous secretion
- Protection: washing action for bacteria and sugars, helps prevent infection
25
Saliva contains ____ which begins the process of digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth
Salivary amylase/a-amylase
26
Saliva contains ____ which help prevent infections
- lactoferrin
- lysozyme
- defensins
- transport IgA
27
Three major pairs of salivary glands
- parotid glands
- submandibular glands
- sublingual glands
28
Parotid gland secretion is mostly
Serous
29
Submandibular gland secretion is mostly
Serous but some mucous
30
Sublingual gland secretion is mostly
Mucous (but is mixed secretions)
31
There are some minor salivary glands scattered everywhere throughout the oral cavity, such as:
- tongue (Von Ebner's glands)
- palate
- lining mucosa
32
Salivary glands consist of:
Epithelial cells held together in a structure by connective tissue
33
Where are the epithelial cells found in salivary glands?
in the main secretory component; lines the ducts that carry the saliva
34
What is the function of connective tissue in the salivary glands?
Holds epithelial components in place and forms them into a discrete gland
35
Salivary gland development is analogous to the development of ____
Teeth (epithelium invades underlying ectomesenchymal tissue)
invading epithelium branches multiple times before forming secretory machinery
36
What is the main distinction between different salivary glands?
Whether they contain mucous or serous secreting cells
37
_____ secrete mucous
Mucous cells
38
Serous cells secrete:
Thinner, protein rich fluid
39
Serous secreting cells stain _____ than mucous cells due to the ____
darker; higher protein content
40
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid gland
41
The parotid glands secrete ____ of passive saliva volume
25%
42
What does 'passive" mean regarding passive secretion?
Background salivation, not directly stimulated
43
Parotid gland secretes ____ almost exclusively
Serous
44
The parotid gland secretes what digestive enzyme?
a-amylase (salivary amylase)
45
Which salivary gland particularly contributes during active salivation?
Parotid gland (50%)
46
The parotid gland uses the ____ to secrete into the oral cavity
Stenson's duct
47
Submandibular gland is located:
Beneath the floor of the mouth
48
True or false: the submandibular gland is a mixed gland
True
49
The submandibular gland is a mixed gland that produces more ___ than ___
More serous secretion than mucous
50
The serous secretion of the submandibular gland contains ____ and the mucous secretion contains ____
Amylase; mucin
51
The submandibular gland has a big contribution to _____ salivary volume
Background
52
The submandibular gland uses the ___ to enter the oral cavity at the _____
Wharton's duct; sublingual caruncle
53
Where is the sublingual gland located?
Beneath the tongue
54
Smallest salivary gland
Sublingual gland
55
The sublingual gland produces ___ secretion
Mixed (more mucous than serous)
56
The sublingual gland is associated with what ducts?
- Ducts of Rivinus
- Duct of Bartholin
57
The ducts of Rivinus drain into:
areas around the floor of the oral cavity
58
The Duct of Bartholin (largest) drains into
Sublingual caruncle
59
Salivary gland structure/how secretions are pushed out
- series of branched ducts which have secretory, contractile end pieces
- saliva is deposited at one end, flows through duct system, modified at various points, and is pushed out into the oral cavity
60
__ cells are mixed in with the secretory cells to contract and push saliva out
Myoepithelial cells
61
The end product of saliva is ____ and contains ____
Hypotonic; grip of enzymes and bicarbonate
62
Saliva is produced and passes through structures in this order:
- Acinus
- Intercalated duct
- striated duct
- interlobular (excretory duct)
- Main excretory duct
63
Acinus
Berry in latin. the secretory part (serous, mucous, or both)
64
Intercalated duct
Moves secretions from acini to striated duct
65
Striated duct function
- Reabsorption of electrolytes
- preservation of salivary volume
66
Interlobular (excretory) duct function
Conduit to move saliva along
67
Main excretory duct function
Deposits saliva into oral cavity
68
Nervous system initiation of salivary secretion involves:
- afferent stimulation of CN 7 and 9 along with higher centers (visual and olfactory processing)
- efferent activation via parasympathetic CN 7 and 9; sympathetic input from cervical ganglion
69
Parasympathetic ____ salivary volume
Increases
70
Sympathetic ____ mucous and protein secretion
Increases
71
Mixed acini often contains:
Serous demilunes (appear moon shaped due to histological presentation)
72
What are acini and what do they produce?
- Little groups of serous cells that are interspersed with mucous secreting cells
- produce lot of proteins, lots of secretory machinery
73
Proteins in the saliva such as lysozyme and amylase can:
Disrupt viral capsules and bacterial cell walls
74
Acinus mechanism of salivary secretion
- Ach activates mass release of calcium in the acinar cells
- Calcium current causes chloride channels to open
- chloride floods into the lumen
- Aquaporins open up simultaneously to allow passive transport of water from the cell into the lumen
- chloride increasing in the lumen causes sodium and water to leak across tight junctions
- flow of sodium increases water moving through aquaporins
75
During salivary secretion, saliva flows first into ____ and then onto ____
Intercalated ducts; striated ducts
76
____ ducts have simple cuboidal epithelium
Intercalated ducts
77
Intercalated ducts are associated with the acini of:
Pancreas and salivary glands
78
True or false: intercalated ducts contribute a lot to secretion
False
79
____ ducts have simple columnar epithelium
Striated
80
Striated ducts are more specific to ____ and modify the saliva by secreting ____ and absorbing ____
salivary glands; bicarbonate; Na+ and Cl-
81
Collectively, the intercalated ducts and striated ducts are known as:
Intralobar ducts (they are collecting saliva from lobules of the same lobe)
82
What happens to saliva before it is secreted into the oral cavity?
- sodium is reclaimed via active transport in the striated duct
- chloride also recovered
- inward flow of potassium
- bicarbonate added
83
Bicarbonate importance
Buffers the oral environment
84
Saliva is ____ compared to plasma due to the loss of _____
Hypotonic; NaCl
85
The junctions along the striated duct are:
Water impermeable
86
What happens to salivary flow during sleep?
Reduced but not stopped
87
Salivary flow rate is approximately ____ unstimulated. During sleep it is ____. During active secretion it can increase to ____
0.3-0.4 ml/min; 0.1 ml/min; 2-5 ml/min
88
Unstimulated, most of the saliva comes from the:
Submandibular gland
89
Stimulated, the _____ gland becomes the major contributor and contains a lot of _____
Parotid; bicarbonate
90
Salivary pellicle
Coating of salivary components on the tooth surface, including bicarbonate, glycoproteins, proteins
91
Salivary pellicle is also called:
Acquired pellicle
92
Proteins of the salivary pellicle - function
Antimicrobial properties that can make enamel less vulnerable to acid attack
93
Saliva is rich in _____ which aids in mineralization
Calcium and phosphate ions
94
What can disrupt the salivary pellicle?
Prophy cleaning
95
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
96
Xerostomia deprives the tooth of the:
Protective salivary pellicle and buffering capacity
97
Xerostomia increases the risk of
More loss of mineralized tissues
98
With age there is a gradual loss of ___ acinar cells
30-60%
99
Sjogren's syndrome
Autoimmune disease where lymphocytes invade the salivary gland and destroy epithelial cells
100
Tx for dry mouth
- sipping water constantly
- artificial saliva
- parasympathetic stimulating drugs to increase flow
