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Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alzheimers meds

A

1st- donepezil (Aricept)

  • for low agitation clonazepam (Klonopin)
  • for mod/severe memantine (Namenda)
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2
Q

CNS analgesia, fever reducer

-toxic intermediate metabolite

A

acetaminophen

-no anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet effects

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3
Q

aerosolized corticosteriods

A

budesonide (Pulmicort) and fluticasone (Flovent)

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4
Q

SABA

A

albuterol sulfate
rescue (<2x/week)
-s/e tachy, tremors

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5
Q

LABA

A

Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol)

  • twice daily use
  • maintenance
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6
Q

Parkinson’s meds

A
  • benztropine (cogentin)
  • carbidopa (Levodopa)
  • haloperidol (haldol)
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7
Q

benztropine (cogentin)

A

treats parkinsonian symptoms (extrapyramidal) seen with psych drugs
-watch for abnormal involuntary movements

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8
Q

what and how does benztropine (Cogentin) work

A

mood stabilizer, anticonvulsant, seizures

-potentiates GABA

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9
Q

side effects and caution with benztropine (Cogentin)

A

s/e CNS, ataxia

-caution with bone marrow depression, induce drug metabolism

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10
Q

what and how does carbidopa (Levodopa work)

A
  • PD med

- crosses BBB and is decarboxylated into dopamine

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11
Q

side effects and caution with carbidopa (Levodopa)

A

monitor renal/liver/cardiac fxn

-s/e hallucinations, dizziness, dyskinesia, depression

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12
Q

chlorpromazine (thorazine)

A
  • typical antipsychotic
  • blocks central dopaminergic receptors
  • treats positive symptoms (tardive dyskinesia)
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13
Q

s/e of chlorpromazine (thorazine)

A

HA, tremors, bradycardia, bronchospasm, SIADH, heat intolerance, eye rolling, twisted neck

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14
Q

what and how does clonazepam (klonopin) work

A
  • long acting benzo
  • acts at GABA
  • often used for seizures
  • can treat alc withdrawal
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15
Q

caution and side effect with clonazepam (klonopin)

A

s/e drowsiness, CNS depression, hepatotoxicity

-need to taper

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16
Q

antidote to clonazepam (klonopin)

A

flumazenil

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17
Q

clonidine (catapres)

A
  • central a-agonist, dec sympathetic outflow
  • treats HTN, ADHD, drug withdrawal
  • stimulates frontal lobe to control limbic system
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18
Q

what and how does clozapine (clozaril) work

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • antagonize serotonergic activity
  • pos and neg symptoms
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19
Q

s/e and caution with cloapine (clozaril)

A
  • s/e strong sedative, anticholinergic effects, postural hypotension, seizures
  • WATCH FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME (AGRANULOCYTOSIS)- WEEKLY CBC
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20
Q

dantrolene

A
  • treats malignant hyperthermia (fever and muscle rigidity), neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome
  • muscle relaxant
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21
Q

what is and how does diazepam (valium) work

A
  • benzo, acts at GABA, multiple bioactive metabolites

- antiepileptic, muscle relaxant, ETOH withdrawal

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22
Q

s/e and caution with diazepam (valium)

A

s/e drowsiness, CNS depression, hepatotoxicity

-need to taper

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23
Q

antidote for diazepam (valium)

A

flumazenil

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24
Q

what is and how does donepezil (aricept) work

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • 1st line for Alz
  • metabolized in liver
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25
s/e and caution with donepezil (aricept)
s/e N/V/D, weight loss, muscle cramping, rhabdomyolysis - caution with preg, peptic ulcers, seizures, asthma - avoid other cholinergics/anticholinergs
26
what is and how does epi work
- b adrenergic agonist (b1 inc HR and FOC, b2 bronchodilation, uterine relax) - g protein complex, 2nd messenger system
27
fentanyl
ultra short acting synthetic opioid analgesic, powerful
28
fluoxetine (Prozac)
SSRI- depression, OCD, bulimia - s/e HA, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, GI upset - drug/drug interactions
29
halothane (halogenated gas)
inhaled anesthesia - monitor for hepatotoxicity - risk of malignant hyperthermia if given with succinylcholine
30
type and what does haloperidol (haldol) treat
- typical antipsychotic - dopamine antagonist - avoid long term - treats pos symptoms - watch for abnormal movements
31
how to treat EPS and parkinsons symptoms
cogentin
32
how to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dantrolene
33
lidocaine
- can be used in spinals, epidurals (give with epi if you want a longer effect) - Na channel blocker - caution in areas of bod with low blood supply
34
first line tx for bipolar
lithium (lithobid)
35
how and what is lithium (lithobid) used for
- manic phase or maintenance of BD | - interfere with NaK atpase
36
risks with lithium (lithobid)
- risk for drug induced nephrogenic diabetes | - frequent blood tests, renal fxn, thyroid, CBC, EKG, electrolytes
37
lopressor (metoprolol)
b1 antagonist - decreases HR and FOC - treats angina
38
what is memantine (namenda) used for
moderate to severe AD | -acts as NMDA receptor
39
s/e and cautionn with memantine (namenda)
s/e GI, drowsiness, HA, hallucinations, aggression | -dont use with amantadine, ketamine, robitussin DM!!!!!!
40
midazolam (versed)
- sedative with amnestic | - blocks substance p (slow severe pain)
41
antidote for midazolam (versed)
flumazenil- benzo antagonist, short half life
42
flumazenil reverses what 3 meds
- clonazepam (klonopin) - diazepam (valium) - midazolam (versed)
43
how and what is phenobarb used for
- increase Cl influx at GABA - tx seizures and in OR - often used for kiddos
44
s/e and caution with phenobarbital
- s/e drowsiness, withdrawal, fatigue - caution with CNS depression, need to taper - watch for growth spurts (monitor levels Q3 months)
45
propanolol (inderal)
- a and b blocker - crosses BBB - pts at risk of depression and fatigue - caution in pts with asthma or HTN
46
sertraline (zoloft)
SSRI - for depression and bulimia - monitor for serotonin syndrome - caution with driving
47
what is and s/e of trancyclpromine (parnate)
MAOI, tricyclic antidepressant | -s/e ortho hypo, wt gain, sexual dys, insomnia
48
all the cautions with tranylcypromine (parnate)
- avoid tyramine (risk of HTN and seizures) - risk of serotonin syndrome if given with SSRI - exacerbate hypoglycemia - -exacerbate sympathomimetics
49
how do tricyclic antidepressants work
inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepi
50
5 classes of tricyclics
MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, NDRI, SNDI
51
SSRIs
- imipramine - elavil (amitriptyline)- chronic pain - dont give to seizure patients
52
wellbutrin (buproprion)
NDRI - smoking cessaion, not cardiotoxic - used when SSRI caused sexual dysfunction
53
use and how does valproic acid (depakote) work
- increases available GABA | - tx seizures, bipolar (2nd line)
54
caution and s/e with valproic acid (depakote)
s/e GI, pancreatitis, tremor, sedation - caution with liver toxicity, preg women, dec drug metabolism - monitor LFTs, CBC
55
adrenergic agonists
clonidine, dopamine, epinephrine, norepi, phenylephrine
56
adrenergic antagonists
propanolol (inderal)
57
cholinergic antagonists
atropine, scopalamine
58
what is phenylephrine and what does it treat
A1 receptor agonist - vasoconstriction, inc BP, def HR and FOC - decongestant, shock
59
side effect of phenlephrine
arrhythmia, HF, HTN crisis, blurred vision | -caution with MAOI (increased sympathomimetic effect)
60
what can't you give with fluoxetine (prozac)
MAOIs- risk for serotonin syndrome | **need to taper
61
a- agonist in the CNS
reduces the responses of the sympathetic nervous system.
62
MAOI meds
deprenyl and tranylcypromine/parnate ( use if tricyclics fail), watch for liver toxicity
63
theophylline
phosphodiesterase inhibitor - promotes bronchodilation - increases cyclic AMP
64
what does ach stimulate
both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor
65
atropine
cholinergic antagonist, antimuscarinic (blocks parasympathetic effect) -use with severe bradycardia
66
scopalamine
cholinergic antagonist | -antimuscarinic, sedating, blocks short term memory
67
succinylcholine
neuromuscular blocker (paralytic) - depolarizes nicotinic receptor at neuromusc junction - ***malignant hyperthermia
68
alpha adrenergic response
vasoconstriction, intestinal relaxation, pupil dilation
69
beta 1 adrenergic response
inc HR, inc force of contraction
70
beta 2 adrenergic response
vasodilation, bronchodilation, intestinal/uterine/bladder relax
71
sympathetic receptor
adrenergic
72
parasympathetic receptor
muscarinic
73
ach acts first on what type of receptor
nicotinic
74
warfarin (Coumadin)
anticoagulant - monitor ptt - reverse with vit K
75
don't mix coumadin with
asa, hepatic dx, hyperthyroid, antifungals
76
aldactone (spironolactone)
K sparing diuretic use in HF, edema, endometriosis | -caution in renal dx, B blockers, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors
77
Baclofen
GABA receptor agonist - muscle relaxant - treat withdrawal
78
cimetidine (tagamet)
- antihistamine and antacid | - potentiates effects of anticoagulants and sedation, lots of med interactions!!!
79
codeine
- mild/moderate pain - cough suppressant - sometimes given with tylenol
80
too much dopaminergic tx of Parkinson's can cause
psychosis
81
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- typical antiepileptic, treats Bipolar - potentiates GABA - caution with bone marrow depression
82
concerta (methylphenidate)
stimulant med for ADHD - child needs to have drug holidays in order to grow - sympathomimetic (want for hyperthermia)
83
dextromethorphan
-OTC cough meds =robitussin -interacts at NMDA receptor in brain -can't give with Namenda or elderly
84
digoxin
- treats afib and CHF - indirectly supports vagus nerve - inhibits NaK atpase - need good K levels
85
droperidol
- neuroleptic - increases sensitivity to opioids - used in anesthesia
86
flumazenil (Romazicon)
-reverses Versed
87
guaifenesin
- mucinex | - watch for multi-symptom OTC meds
88
ketoconazol
azol antifungal | -many drug/drug interactions
89
Lasix
- loop diuretic | - monitor electrolytes
90
leukotriene antagonists
-block leukotriene response in allergic asthma
91
narcan
blocks opioids
92
rivastigmine (Exelon)
for Alzheimers
93
tranylcypromine (parnate)
-MAOI
94
tricyclic antidepressants
- antimuscarinic effects - low BP effects - antihistamine, sedation
95
kindling effect
-a trigger which sets off seizure or bipolar episode

Advanced Pharm (2 decks)

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