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Bio 005 Sierra college > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

3 Types of Synarthrotic Joints

A

Fibrous - Suture, Gomphosis

Cartilaginous - Synchondrosis

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2
Q

2 Types of Amphiarthrotic Joints

A

Fibrous - Syndesmosis

Cartilaginous - Symphysis

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3
Q

3 Joint Movements

A

Synarthrotic - No movement

Amphiarthrotic - Some movement

Diarthrotic - Full motion

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4
Q

3 Fibrous Joints

A

Sutures

Gomphosis

Syndesmosis

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5
Q

2 Cartilaginous Joints

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

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6
Q

6 Types of Synovial Joints

A

Plane/Gliding

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid/Ellipsoid

Saddle

Ball-and-Socket

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7
Q

2 Examples of Ball-and-Socket Joints

A

Shoulder - humerus & scapula

Hip - femur & pelvis

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8
Q

Ex: of Saddle Joint

A

Trapezium & Metatarsal 1

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9
Q

Ex: Ellipsoid Joint

A

Metatarsals & Proximal Phalanges

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10
Q

Ex: Pivot Joint

A

Ephiphysis of Ulna/Radius

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11
Q

3 Examples of Hinge Joint

A

Temporal Bone & Mandible

Elbow

Knee

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12
Q

Ex: Gliding/Plane Joint

A

Between Carpals &

Between Tarsals

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13
Q

Ex: Gomphosis

A

Teeth & Alveolar Processes

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14
Q

2 Examples of Syndesmosis

A

Between Diaphysis of Ulna & Radius

Between Diaphysis of Tibia & Fibula

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15
Q

Examples of Sutures:

A

Sagittal Suture - divides head in L&R halves

Squamous Suture - above ear

Coronal Suture - between frontal & parietal bones

Lamboid Suture - between Occipital & Parietal bones

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16
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity

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17
Q

Synovial Cavity

A

Fluid filled chamber in a diarthrotic joint

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18
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Substance secreted by synovial membrane that lubricates the joint

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19
Q

Articular Capsule

A

Dense collagen fiber sleeve that surrounds a joint and provides protection & stabilization

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20
Q

Components of Articular Capsule

A

Fibrous Capsule

Synovial Membrane

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21
Q

Synovial Membrane is in what anatomical direction to the Fibrous Capsule?

A

Deep

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22
Q

Extracapsular Ligaments “Screw Mechanism” at the Hip Allow What Motion?

Resist What Motion?

A

Allow Anterior Motion (Flexion)

Resist Posterior Motion (Extension)

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23
Q

What are Bursae?

Where do they form?

What do they do?

A

Bursae are small, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue.

They form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues.

They reduce friction & act as a shock absorber

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24
Q

What are Menisci?

What do they do?

Where are they located?

A
  1. Fibrous Cartilage pads between opposing surfaces in a joint
  2. Allow for variations in the shapes of articular surfaces & restrict movements at the joint. *Make pockets that make knee more stable
  3. In the joint capsule
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25
What is a Tendon Sheath?
Protective covering for the tendon
26
What is injured in the Unhappy Triad?
MCL Medial Meniscus ACL
27
Hip Joint Movements
Flexion/Extension Adduction/Abduction Circumduction Rotation
28
Articular Capsule of Hip Joint Location
Extends from Lateral & Inferior surfaces of Pelvic Girdle to Intertrochanteric Line & Interochanteric Crest of Femur
29
5 Ligaments of Hip Capsule
Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral Transverse Acetabular Ligament of the Femoral Head
30
Purpose of Articular Surface of Acetabulum
Stabilizes Hip Joint Creates a Deep Bony Pocket for Femur
31
Bony Matrix Composition
Calcium Collagen
32
Osteogenic Cells
Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts
33
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells. Occupy the lacunae. Directs the release and deposition of calcium.
34
Central Canal
contains the blood vessels that supply the osteon. Surrounded by concentric lamellae
35
Perforating Canal
Extends perpendicular to the surface. Delivers blood to osteons deeper in the bone and the medullary cavity
36
Concentric Lamellae
Cylindrical aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone. Surround the central canal.
37
Interstitial Lamellae
Fill the spaces between the osteons of compact bone
38
Canaliculi
interconnect lacunae of an osteon and form a branching network that reaches the central canal. Carry nutrients to the osteon.
39
Trabeculae
Arrangement of spongy bone into parallel structs or thick branching plates.
40
Outer Circumferential Lamellae
forms border between osteons and periosteum layers of bone
41
Inner Circumferential Lamellae
forms border between compact bone and spongy bone trabeculae
42
Flat Bones
Most Skull Bones Ribs Sternum Scapula
43
Long Bones
Humerus Radius Ulna Femur Tibia Fibula
44
Short Bones
Wrist Bones Ankle Bones
45
Epiphysis
Stores Red Bone Marrow Spongy Bone
46
Diaphysis
Stores Yellow Bone Marrow Compact Bone Medullary Cavity
47
Periosteum Composition
Outer Layer - Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Inner Layer - Osteoprogenitor Cells
48
Periosteum's 4 Functions
1. Isolate & Protect Bone 2. Attachment for circulatory and nervous supply 3. Bone growth & repair 4. Attaches bone to connective tissue network of deep fascia
49
Endosteum
Cellular lining of the medullary cavity. Covers trabeculae of spongy bone & lines inner surfaces of canals.
50
Intramembranous Ossification Model
Dense Regular & Irregular Connective Tissue
51
Endochondral Ossification Model
Hyaline Cartilage
52
Endochondral Ossification Makes What Kind of Bones
Long Bones
53
Ossification Center for Intramembranous
Group of Osteoblasts
54
5 Steps for Intramembranous Ossification
1. Group of Osteoblasts differentiate from Mesenchyme & form Ossification Center 2. Osteoblasts secrete Calcium to convert CT to bone tissue 3. Ossification centers grow and fuse to make the trebeculae of spongy bone tissue 4. Outer osteoblasts polish the bone to create compact bone on the outside. 5. Leftover model turns into the periosteum of the bone
55
Steps for Endochondral Ossification
1. Osteoblasts differentiate from the Mesenchyme and form a bone collar within the Hyaline Cartilage 2. Collar starves cartilage. Dying Cartilage secretes calcium. 3. Blood vessels invade Primary Ossification Center & deliver osteoblasts & clasts. 4. Blasts build & Clasts destroy bone to create the medullary cavity 5. Secondary Ossification Center form in Epiphysis of Bone 6. The Epiphysis fills with spongy bone. Articular cartilage forms around the outside & an epiphysial plate separates the epihysis and diaphysis
56
How do hormonal changes at puberty affect bone growth?
1. Create sexual differences, esp. in the angle of the pubic bone. 2. Closes the Epiphyseal Plate
57
Blood Vessel that pierces Diaphysis
Nutrient Vessel
58
Longitudinal Bone Growth
1. Happens at Epiphyseal Plate 2. Cartilage grows & pushes epihysis further along 3. Cartilage gets replaced by bone
59
Appositional Bone Growth - thicker
1. Outer Circum. Lamellae grow ridges around periosteal artery 2. Ridges Meet & Surround Artery 3. Ridges Fuse & New Concentric Lamellae form 4. Outer Lamellae becomes Concnetric lamellae 5. Periosteum becomes Endosteum
60
Metaphyseal Vessels
supply blood to the inner diaphyseal surface of each epiphyseal cartilage, where bone is replacing cartilage
61
Other Calcium Needs
1. Muscular, Nervous, Kidneys, pretty much everything
62
Tarsal Bones from distal to proximal and medial to lateral
Medial, Intermediate, Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid Navicular Tallus Calcaneous
63
Fibular Landmarks
Head Lateral Malleolus
64
Tibia Landmarks
Medial & lateral condyle Intercondylar Eminence (posterior) Tibial Tuberosity (anterior) Anterior Crest/Margin Medial Malleolus
65
Posterior Landmarks of the Femur
Intertrochanteric Crest Gluteal Tuberosity Linea Aspera Intercondylar Fossa
66
Anterior Landmarks of the Femur
Intertrochanteric Line Patellar Surface
67
Landmarks of the Femur without ant/pos direction
Fovea for ligament of head (capitis) Femoral head Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

Bio 005 Sierra college (15 decks)

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