Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geoglogy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Rock?

A

An accumulation of minerals and other materials that occur in significant quantities where each component maintains its own physical properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Rocks (3)

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Steps of the Rock Cycle

A 
MELT, undergoes crystallization
IGNEOUS ROCK, undergoes weathering/erosion
SEDIMENT, undergoes lithification
SEDIMENTARY ROCK, undergoes metamorphism
METAMORPHIC ROCK, undergoes melting

then back to melt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an Igneous Rock

A

A high temp, silica rich liquid (magma/lava) that crystallizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Melt

A 
Liquid
Early Formed Crystals
Dissolved Gas 
( water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide)
NO OXYGEN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Features of Magma Crystallization

A

Underground/In Host Rock
Intrusive - Plutonic
Cools Slowly
Large Crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of Lava Crystallization

A

Above Ground
Extrusive - Volcanic
Cools Rapidly
Small Crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bowens Reaction Series

A

“Ideal Melt”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ultramafic Rocks

A

Olivine (Ferromagnesian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mafic Rocks

A

Augite (Ferromagnesian)
Horneblende (Ferromagnesian)
Plagioclase (Black/Gray) (Non Ferromagnesian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intermediate Rocks

A 
Biotite Mica (Ferromagnesian)
Plagioclase (White) (Non Ferromagnesian)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sialic Rocks

A

Orthoclase (Non Ferromagnesian)
Muscovite Mica (Non Ferromagnesian)
Quartz (Non Ferromagnesian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of Texture (2)

A

Phaneritic

Aphanitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aphanitic Texture

A

Above Ground
Rapid Cooling
Fine Crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phaneritic Texture

A

Underground
Slow Cooling
Visible Crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phaneritic Rocks

A

Granite (Sialic)
Diorite (Intermediate)
Gabbro (Mafic)
Peridotite (Ultramafic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aphanitic Rocks

A

Rhyolite (Sialic)
Andesite (Intermediate)
Basalt (Mafic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Special Textures

A

Glassy (Very Rapid Cooling)
Vesicular (Bubbly)
Pyroclastic (Rock Fragments + Ash, Air)
Pegmatitic (Crystals Greater than an Inch)

19
Q

What is a Sill

A

Parallel Flow

20
Q

What is a Dike

A

Diagonal Flow

21
Q

Intrusive Bodies

A

Sill
Dike
Massive
> Batholith ( >40 sq mi, granite/sialic, 5-7mi deep)
> Stock ( <40 sq mi, composition variable)

22
Q

Extrusive Bodies

A 
Eruptive Products
   Lava Flows (Pahoe hoe, AA, Pillow Basalt)

Ejecta (Tuff, Ash, Cinders, Blocks, Bombs)

23
Q

Extrusive Rock Bodies ????

A

Tabular (fissure flow, flood basalt)

Conical (volcanos)

24
Q

Types of Volcanos (3)

A

Cinder Cone
Composite Cone/Stratovolcano
Shield Volcano

25
Cinder Cone Characteristics
30-33 degree slope 100-500 feet mostly ejecta
26
Composite Cone/Stratovolcano Characteristics
30-33 degrees at summit 3-10 degrees at base 2000-4000 feet lava flows + ejecta
27
Shield Volcano Characteristics
Largest Type 3-10 degrees 30,000 feet basaltic/mafic compostion + lava flows
28
Styles of Eruption
``` Lava Flows (quiet, effusive) Ejecta (explosive) ```
29
Controls of Eruptions
Propellent/Gas Content Sialic, Intermediate, Mafic Explosive ------> Effusive Thick ------------> Runny
30
Volcanic Hazards
``` Ash Fall Lava Flow Pyroclastic Flow Volcanic Mud Flow (Lahars) Gas Global Temperature Tsunami Lateral Blast ```
31
Igneous Rocks
``` Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Peridotite Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt Pumice, Scoria Tuff Pegmatitic Granite ```
32
Characteristics of Granite
Phaneritic Sialic Visible Crystals Plutonic
33
Characteristics of Diorite
``` Phaneritic Intermediate Salt and Pepper (more white) Visible Crystals Plutonic ```
34
Characteristics of Gabbro
``` Phaneritic Mafic Visible Crystals Black and White (more black) Plutonic ```
35
Characteristics of Peridotite
``` Phaneritic Ultramafic Visible Crystals Black/Olivine Plutonic ```
36
Characteristics of Rhyolite
``` Aphanitic Sialic Fine Crystals White/Pink Fairly Smooth Volcanic ```
37
Characteristics of Andesite
``` Aphanitic Intermediate Fine Crystals Light Gray Color Some Visible Crystals Volcanic ```
38
Characteristics of Basalt
Aphanitic Mafic Black/Dark Gray Volcanic
39
Characteristics of Pumice
Vesicular/Bubbly | smaller bubbles
40
Characteristics of Scoria
Vesicular/Bubbly medium bubbles black/red
41
Characteristics of Tuff
Rock Fragments Mixed with ash Light pyroclastic Sialic-Mafic
42
Characteristics of Pegmatitic Granite
Sialic | Large Crystals
43
Characteristics of Vesicular Basalt
Vesicular/Bubbly Black larger bubbles
44
Characteristics of Obsidian
Glassy Sharp Mafic

Geoglogy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions