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Applied Kinesiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Rigid foot, high-arched

A

pes cavus

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2
Q

Flexible foot, flattened arch

A

pes planus

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3
Q

Talocrural joint motion in dorsiflexion

A

talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

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4
Q

Talocrural joint motion in plantarflexion

A

talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly

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5
Q

Need …. of DF during walking and …. during running.

A

10 degrees

20 degrees

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6
Q

Several articular surfaces of the subtalar joint:
Posterior facet of the talus is….
Posterior facet of the calcaneus is….
Middle and anterior facets of the talus are…..
Middle and anterior facets of the calcaneus are….
Glide associated with subtalar eversion….
Glide associated with subtalar inversion…

A 
concave
convex
convex
concave
lateral 
medial
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7
Q

What glide is associated with subtalar eversion?

A

lateral glide

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8
Q

What glide is associated with subtalar inversion?

A

medial glide

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9
Q

Open chain pronation for calcaneus: (3)

A

eversion
abduction
dorsiflexion

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10
Q

Closed chain pronation for calcaneus and talus?
Calcaneal ….
Talar…
Talar…

A

eversion
adduction
plantarflexion

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11
Q

Supination open chain for calcaneus.

A

inversion
adduction
plantarflexion

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12
Q

Supination closed chain for calcaneus and talus.

A

inversion
talar abduction
talar dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Windlass mechanism

A

great toe extension resulting in tightening of the plantar aponeurosis

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14
Q

Four points of normalcy for foot and ankle

A
  1. tibia is vertical
  2. calcaneus is in line with the tibia
  3. metatarsals are in a plane that is perpendicular to the calcaneus.
  4. metatarsals are in the same plane
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15
Q

Forefoot varus
NWB
WB

A

pinky toe toward examiner’s body. Big toe towards patient’s body.

forefoot inverted
STJ neutral
Calc vertical

forefoot flat
STJ pronated
Calc everted

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16
Q

Forefoot valgus
NWB
WB

A

Big toe towards examiner’s body and pinky toe towards patient’s body.

forefoot everted
STJ neutral
Calc vertical

forefoot flat
STJ supinated
Calc inverted

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17
Q

Forefoot varus WB position in terms of motion

A

foot pronates too long when it should be supinating at end of stance

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18
Q

Forefoot valgus WB position in terms of motion

A

foot supinates too soon

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19
Q

Rearfoot varus
NWB
WB

A

forefoot/rearfoot inverted
STJ neutral
Calc inverted

Forefoot flat
STJ pronated
Calc vertical

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20
Q

Rearfoot varus may require a lot of activation of … to control excessive pronation.

A

posterior tibialis

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21
Q

Equinus
Due to
WB implications

A

a plantarflexed foot
often due to tight gastroc and achilles
never reach 10 degrees dorsiflexion

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22
Q

Progressive adduction of the 1st metatarsal and lateral deviation of the great toe, creating a larger medial angle

A

hallux abducto valgus

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23
Q

Short limb causes foot….

Long limb causes foot….

A

supination

pronation

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24
Q

Callus formation from subtalar joint caused by

A

shear forces and instability of bone

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25
``` When hip is neutral and you move into flexion what is the glide? extension? abduction? adduction? internal rotation? external rotation? ```
``` posterior anterior inferior superior posterior anterior ```
26
``` When the hip is in 90 flexion and you move into flexion what is the glide? extension? abduction? adduction? internal rotation? external rotation? ```
``` inferior null anterior posterior inferior superior ```
27
Angle of inclination
angle in the frontal plane between the neck of the femur and the medial side of the femoral shaft
28
Normal angle of inclination?
125 degrees
29
Coxa valgum?
greater than 125
30
Coxa varus?
less than 125
31
Deviations from normal angle of inclination can be from?
birth or due to fracture
32
Coxa valgum tends to .... the limb. The shaft of the femur is more aligned with .... forces. There is a ... mechanical advantage of hip muscles. There is .... hip stability. May lead to...
``` lengthen vertical weight bearing forces decreased decreased osteoarthritis, dislocation ```
33
Coxa varum tends to... the limb. There is ... bending moment at the neck of the femur. There is a .... moment arm for hip muscles so they dont have to generate as much force. There are also .... joint reaction forces. Hip joint is thought to be more.... relative to coxa valgum. May lead to..
``` shorten increased longer decreased stable joint fracture ```
34
Angle of torsion
angle between the line that runs through the femoral head and neck and a line that runs between the femoral condyles. (rotation between the neck and the shaft of the femur)
35
Normal anteversion: Excessive anteversion: Retroversion:
15 degrees (8-20 degrees) over 15 or 20 degrees less than 15 or 8 degrees
36
What is our angle of torsion when we are born?
40 degrees
37
When there is excessive anteversion, there is .... hip IR ROM, ... ER ROM, ....joint stability (more of the joint exposed...), ... muscle lever arm (...joint forces), related posture is....
``` increased decreased decreased anteriorly decreased increased toeing in with gait ```
38
When there is retroversion, there is .... hip ER ROM, ... IR ROM, related posture is...
increased decreased toeing out gait
39
Test for angle of torsion?
craigs
40
Two impingements of the femoroacetabular?
CAM | Pincer
41
CAM impingement is when there is a .... | There is poor clearance of neck with .... and ....
thicker shape of the femoral neck. | hip flexion and abduction
42
Pincer impingement is when there is a.... the acetabulum sits .... hip abduction ... the superior labrum.
an extension of the acetabulum superiorly posteriorly and is deeper pinches the superior labrum
43
Muscle imbalances in the frontal plane in terms of the hip?
tredelenburg test | pelvic drop
44
Tensile forces affect what structures?
ligaments, tendons, muscles
45
Compression forces affect what structures?
cartilage and bone
46
Shear forces affect what structures?
cartilage
47
Rotation forces affect what structures?
ligaments and cartilage
48
Repetitive forces affect what structures?
tendon, muscles, bone
49
First degree ligament sprain: Second degree: Third:
0-25%, tear, instability 26-75% tear, some instability 76-100% tear, definite instability
50
How long does it take for a ligament injury to heal?
6 weeks if non-surgical and 3-6 months if surgical
51
Muscle strain degrees: first second third
mild, minimal swelling, loss of ROM and function moderate, moderate swelling, significant loss of ROM and function severe, extensive swelling, severe loss of ROM and complete loss of function
52
How long does it take for a muscle strain to heal?
1-6 weeks
53
Foot and ankle common sprains
lateral | high ankle
54
Lateral sprain is
inversion with plantarflexion
55
What ligaments are affected in a lateral sprain of the ankle?
talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
56
High ankle sprain affects what ligaments?
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
57
Acute phase of healing
inflammation | 3 days usually but can last 7-10 days
58
Subacute phase of healing
migratory and proliferative stage | lasts 10 days to 6 weeks
59
Remodeling/maturation phase
chronic | 6 weeks to a year
60
Normal knee alignment
5-10 degrees of valgus
61
Genu recurvatum
hyperextension of the knee above 10 degrees from neutral
62
Genu recurvatum is resisted by
posterior capsule and knee flexor muscles
63
Pronation in closed chain causes tibial .... rotation, ....flexion, .....internal rotation, hip.....
internal knee hip flexion
64
Supination in closed chain causes tibial..... rotation, knee....., femoral .....rotation, and hip....
external extension external extension
65
What is the screw home mechanism?
full knee extension coupled with 10 degrees of tibial external rotation that takes place during the last 30 degrees of knee extension
66
How is the screw home mechanism unlocked? In open chain? In closed chain?
popliteus muscle internal rotation of the tibia on the femur external rotation of the femur on the tibia
67
Knee extension glide
anterior tibial glide on femur
68
Knee flexion glide
posterior tibial glide on the femur
69
Function of MCL
resists valgus and extension forces at the knee as well as extreme rotation
70
Function of LCL
resists varus and extension forces at the knee as well as extreme rotation
71
NWB, ACL prevents.... | WB, ACL prevents...
excessive anterior translation of the tibia on the femur due to the pull of the quads. prevents excessive posterior translation of the femur on the tibia
72
PCL becomes more...with flexion.
taught
73
NWB for PCL prevents.... | WB prevents...
posterior translation of the tibia on the femur anterior translation of the femur on the tibia
74
What meniscus moves more than the other?
lateral
75
Medial meniscus is more .... shaped and attaches to ....
C | MCL/capsule
76
Lateral meniscus is more ....shaped and attaches to...
O | capsule
77
Which way does the meniscus move knee extension? Flexion?
anterior (with tibia) | posterior (with tibia)
78
Which way do the menisci move in external rotation of the tibia? Internal rotation?
lateral moves anteriorly medial moves posteriorly lateral moves posteriorly medial moves anteriorly
79
Major function of patellofemoral joint?
improves mechanical advantage of quads (moveable pulley)
80
Normal Q angle | Average
10-15 degrees 13-15 degrees
81
How does the patella move in knee extension? | In knee flexion?
superior and lateral inferior and medial
82
Angle of inclination
angle between neck of femur and the medial side of the femoral shaft
83
Angle of torsion
angle between a line that runs through the femoral head and neck and a line that runs between the femoral condyles
84
Anterior pelvic tilt tight muscles? | Lengthened muscles?
hip flexors erector spinae hip extensors abdominals
85
Posterior pelvic tilt tight muscles? | Lengthened muscles?
hip extensors rectus abdominis hip flexors erector spinae
86
Hip flexion tests what muscles?
psoas and iliacus
87
Hip external rotation tests what muscles?
``` posterior glute max obturator gemelli piriformis quadratus femoris ```
88
Hip internal rotation tests what muscles?
anterior glute med/min | TFL
89
Foot inversion tests what muscles?
tib post
90
Foot eversion with plantarflexion tests what muscles?
peroneus longus/brevis
91
Hallux and toe MTP flexion tests what muscles?
flexor hallucis brevis | lumbricals
92
Hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion tests what muscles?
flexor hallucis longus | flexor digitorum brevis/longus
93
Hallux and toe MP and IP extension tests what muscles?
extensor hallucis longus | extensor digitorum brevis/longus

Applied Kinesiology (4 decks)

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