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Applied Kinesiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rigid foot, high-arched

A

pes cavus

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2
Q

Flexible foot, flattened arch

A

pes planus

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3
Q

Talocrural joint motion in dorsiflexion

A

talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

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4
Q

Talocrural joint motion in plantarflexion

A

talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly

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5
Q

Need …. of DF during walking and …. during running.

A

10 degrees

20 degrees

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6
Q

Several articular surfaces of the subtalar joint:
Posterior facet of the talus is….
Posterior facet of the calcaneus is….
Middle and anterior facets of the talus are…..
Middle and anterior facets of the calcaneus are….
Glide associated with subtalar eversion….
Glide associated with subtalar inversion…

A 
concave
convex
convex
concave
lateral 
medial
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7
Q

What glide is associated with subtalar eversion?

A

lateral glide

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8
Q

What glide is associated with subtalar inversion?

A

medial glide

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9
Q

Open chain pronation for calcaneus: (3)

A

eversion
abduction
dorsiflexion

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10
Q

Closed chain pronation for calcaneus and talus?
Calcaneal ….
Talar…
Talar…

A

eversion
adduction
plantarflexion

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11
Q

Supination open chain for calcaneus.

A

inversion
adduction
plantarflexion

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12
Q

Supination closed chain for calcaneus and talus.

A

inversion
talar abduction
talar dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Windlass mechanism

A

great toe extension resulting in tightening of the plantar aponeurosis

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14
Q

Four points of normalcy for foot and ankle

A
  1. tibia is vertical
  2. calcaneus is in line with the tibia
  3. metatarsals are in a plane that is perpendicular to the calcaneus.
  4. metatarsals are in the same plane
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15
Q

Forefoot varus
NWB
WB

A

pinky toe toward examiner’s body. Big toe towards patient’s body.

forefoot inverted
STJ neutral
Calc vertical

forefoot flat
STJ pronated
Calc everted

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16
Q

Forefoot valgus
NWB
WB

A

Big toe towards examiner’s body and pinky toe towards patient’s body.

forefoot everted
STJ neutral
Calc vertical

forefoot flat
STJ supinated
Calc inverted

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17
Q

Forefoot varus WB position in terms of motion

A

foot pronates too long when it should be supinating at end of stance

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18
Q

Forefoot valgus WB position in terms of motion

A

foot supinates too soon

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19
Q

Rearfoot varus
NWB
WB

A

forefoot/rearfoot inverted
STJ neutral
Calc inverted

Forefoot flat
STJ pronated
Calc vertical

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20
Q

Rearfoot varus may require a lot of activation of … to control excessive pronation.

A

posterior tibialis

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21
Q

Equinus
Due to
WB implications

A

a plantarflexed foot
often due to tight gastroc and achilles
never reach 10 degrees dorsiflexion

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22
Q

Progressive adduction of the 1st metatarsal and lateral deviation of the great toe, creating a larger medial angle

A

hallux abducto valgus

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23
Q

Short limb causes foot….

Long limb causes foot….

A

supination

pronation

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24
Q

Callus formation from subtalar joint caused by

A

shear forces and instability of bone

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25
Q 
When hip is neutral and you move into flexion what is the glide?
extension?
abduction?
adduction?
internal rotation?
external rotation?
A 
posterior
anterior
inferior
superior
posterior
anterior
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26
Q 
When the hip is in 90 flexion and you move into flexion what is the glide?
extension?
abduction?
adduction?
internal rotation?
external rotation?
A 
inferior
null
anterior
posterior
inferior 
superior
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27
Q

Angle of inclination

A

angle in the frontal plane between the neck of the femur and the medial side of the femoral shaft

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28
Q

Normal angle of inclination?

A

125 degrees

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29
Q

Coxa valgum?

A

greater than 125

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30
Q

Coxa varus?

A

less than 125

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31
Q

Deviations from normal angle of inclination can be from?

A

birth or due to fracture

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32
Q

Coxa valgum tends to …. the limb. The shaft of the femur is more aligned with …. forces. There is a … mechanical advantage of hip muscles. There is …. hip stability. May lead to…

A 
lengthen
vertical weight bearing forces
decreased
decreased
osteoarthritis, dislocation
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33
Q

Coxa varum tends to… the limb. There is … bending moment at the neck of the femur. There is a …. moment arm for hip muscles so they dont have to generate as much force. There are also …. joint reaction forces. Hip joint is thought to be more…. relative to coxa valgum. May lead to..

A 
shorten
increased
longer
decreased
stable
joint fracture
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34
Q

Angle of torsion

A

angle between the line that runs through the femoral head and neck and a line that runs between the femoral condyles. (rotation between the neck and the shaft of the femur)

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35
Q

Normal anteversion:
Excessive anteversion:
Retroversion:

A

15 degrees (8-20 degrees)
over 15 or 20 degrees
less than 15 or 8 degrees

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36
Q

What is our angle of torsion when we are born?

A

40 degrees

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37
Q

When there is excessive anteversion, there is …. hip IR ROM, … ER ROM, ….joint stability (more of the joint exposed…), … muscle lever arm (…joint forces), related posture is….

A 
increased
decreased
decreased
anteriorly
decreased
increased
toeing in with gait
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38
Q

When there is retroversion, there is …. hip ER ROM, … IR ROM, related posture is…

A

increased
decreased
toeing out gait

39
Q

Test for angle of torsion?

A

craigs

40
Q

Two impingements of the femoroacetabular?

A

CAM

Pincer

41
Q

CAM impingement is when there is a ….

There is poor clearance of neck with …. and ….

A

thicker shape of the femoral neck.

hip flexion and abduction

42
Q

Pincer impingement is when there is a….
the acetabulum sits ….
hip abduction … the superior labrum.

A

an extension of the acetabulum superiorly
posteriorly and is deeper
pinches the superior labrum

43
Q

Muscle imbalances in the frontal plane in terms of the hip?

A

tredelenburg test

pelvic drop

44
Q

Tensile forces affect what structures?

A

ligaments, tendons, muscles

45
Q

Compression forces affect what structures?

A

cartilage and bone

46
Q

Shear forces affect what structures?

A

cartilage

47
Q

Rotation forces affect what structures?

A

ligaments and cartilage

48
Q

Repetitive forces affect what structures?

A

tendon, muscles, bone

49
Q

First degree ligament sprain:
Second degree:
Third:

A

0-25%, tear, instability

26-75% tear, some instability

76-100% tear, definite instability

50
Q

How long does it take for a ligament injury to heal?

A

6 weeks if non-surgical and 3-6 months if surgical

51
Q

Muscle strain degrees:
first
second
third

A

mild, minimal swelling, loss of ROM and function

moderate, moderate swelling, significant loss of ROM and function

severe, extensive swelling, severe loss of ROM and complete loss of function

52
Q

How long does it take for a muscle strain to heal?

A

1-6 weeks

53
Q

Foot and ankle common sprains

A

lateral

high ankle

54
Q

Lateral sprain is

A

inversion with plantarflexion

55
Q

What ligaments are affected in a lateral sprain of the ankle?

A

talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament

56
Q

High ankle sprain affects what ligaments?

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

57
Q

Acute phase of healing

A

inflammation

3 days usually but can last 7-10 days

58
Q

Subacute phase of healing

A

migratory and proliferative stage

lasts 10 days to 6 weeks

59
Q

Remodeling/maturation phase

A

chronic

6 weeks to a year

60
Q

Normal knee alignment

A

5-10 degrees of valgus

61
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

hyperextension of the knee above 10 degrees from neutral

62
Q

Genu recurvatum is resisted by

A

posterior capsule and knee flexor muscles

63
Q

Pronation in closed chain causes tibial …. rotation, ….flexion, …..internal rotation, hip…..

A

internal
knee
hip
flexion

64
Q

Supination in closed chain causes tibial….. rotation, knee….., femoral …..rotation, and hip….

A

external
extension
external
extension

65
Q

What is the screw home mechanism?

A

full knee extension coupled with 10 degrees of tibial external rotation that takes place during the last 30 degrees of knee extension

66
Q

How is the screw home mechanism unlocked?
In open chain?
In closed chain?

A

popliteus muscle

internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

external rotation of the femur on the tibia

67
Q

Knee extension glide

A

anterior tibial glide on femur

68
Q

Knee flexion glide

A

posterior tibial glide on the femur

69
Q

Function of MCL

A

resists valgus and extension forces at the knee as well as extreme rotation

70
Q

Function of LCL

A

resists varus and extension forces at the knee as well as extreme rotation

71
Q

NWB, ACL prevents….

WB, ACL prevents…

A

excessive anterior translation of the tibia on the femur due to the pull of the quads.

prevents excessive posterior translation of the femur on the tibia

72
Q

PCL becomes more…with flexion.

A

taught

73
Q

NWB for PCL prevents….

WB prevents…

A

posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

anterior translation of the femur on the tibia

74
Q

What meniscus moves more than the other?

A

lateral

75
Q

Medial meniscus is more …. shaped and attaches to ….

A

C

MCL/capsule

76
Q

Lateral meniscus is more ….shaped and attaches to…

A

O

capsule

77
Q

Which way does the meniscus move knee extension? Flexion?

A

anterior (with tibia)

posterior (with tibia)

78
Q

Which way do the menisci move in external rotation of the tibia?
Internal rotation?

A

lateral moves anteriorly
medial moves posteriorly

lateral moves posteriorly
medial moves anteriorly

79
Q

Major function of patellofemoral joint?

A

improves mechanical advantage of quads (moveable pulley)

80
Q

Normal Q angle

Average

A

10-15 degrees

13-15 degrees

81
Q

How does the patella move in knee extension?

In knee flexion?

A

superior and lateral

inferior and medial

82
Q

Angle of inclination

A

angle between neck of femur and the medial side of the femoral shaft

83
Q

Angle of torsion

A

angle between a line that runs through the femoral head and neck and a line that runs between the femoral condyles

84
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt tight muscles?

Lengthened muscles?

A

hip flexors
erector spinae

hip extensors
abdominals

85
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt tight muscles?

Lengthened muscles?

A

hip extensors
rectus abdominis

hip flexors
erector spinae

86
Q

Hip flexion tests what muscles?

A

psoas and iliacus

87
Q

Hip external rotation tests what muscles?

A 
posterior glute max
obturator 
gemelli 
piriformis 
quadratus femoris
88
Q

Hip internal rotation tests what muscles?

A

anterior glute med/min

TFL

89
Q

Foot inversion tests what muscles?

A

tib post

90
Q

Foot eversion with plantarflexion tests what muscles?

A

peroneus longus/brevis

91
Q

Hallux and toe MTP flexion tests what muscles?

A

flexor hallucis brevis

lumbricals

92
Q

Hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion tests what muscles?

A

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum brevis/longus

93
Q

Hallux and toe MP and IP extension tests what muscles?

A

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum brevis/longus

Applied Kinesiology (4 decks)

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