Exam 2

Question 1

Impetigo is caused by what bacteria?

Answer 1

Staphylococci and/or streptococci

Question 2

Medication used for ringworm on scalp?

Answer 2

oral griseofulvin for about 8 weeks

-monitor liver bloodwork

Question 3

Recommended hot water temperature from CDC?

Answer 3

120 degrees

Question 4

At what age is sunscreen appropriate for children?

Answer 4

6 months

Question 5

When is the newborn metabolic screening done?

Answer 5

after 24 hours of age

Question 6

Most common form of precocious puberty

Answer 6

central precocious puberty

Question 7

Management for delayed puberty

Answer 7

testosterone for males

estradiol conjugated for females

Question 8

How long do antifungals need to be used for tinea infections?

Answer 8

at least 4 weeks

Question 9

When should the neural tube close?

Answer 9

3rd and 4th week of gestation.

Question 10

Non communicating causes of hydrocephaly?

Answer 10

arnold chiari malformation, tumors

Question 11

Communicating causes of hydrocephaly?

Answer 11

intrauterine infections, hemorrhage

Question 12

What is considered epilepsy?

Answer 12

2 or more unprovoked seizures > 24 hours apart. Epilepsy occurs within the brain.

Question 13

Febrile seizures are most common in what age group?

Answer 13

< 5 years old

Question 14

Common bacterial causes of meningitis in newborns

Answer 14

Group B strep, E choli, Listeria monocytogenes

Question 15

Common bacterial causes of meningitis in infants and children?

Answer 15

Strep pneumonia, Neisseria meningitis, Hib

Question 16

Bacterial causes of meningitis in adolescents and young adults?

Answer 16

Neisseria meningitis, strep pneumoniae

Question 17

What is the Barlow test?

Answer 17

when there is a clunk when displacing the femoral head posteriorly from the acetabulum

Question 18

What is the ortolani maneuver?

Answer 18

clunk when you relocate a dislocated hip

Question 19

What is a Galeazzi sign?

Answer 19

symmetry in the height of the knees

Question 20

Risk factors for meningitis

Answer 20

being in close quarters (sports teams, sharing water bottles, living in a dorm).

Question 21

Vaccines given to infants and children for prevention of meningitis

Answer 21

pneumococcal and Hib starting at 2 months

Question 22

When is the meningococcal vaccine given?

Answer 22

11-12 and booster at 16

Question 23

When does the neural tube close?

Answer 23

3-4th week of gestation

Question 24

What may alter brain and spinal cord development?

Answer 24

If the fetus suffers infection, trauma, malnutrition, or teratogen exposure during 3rd-4th week of gestation

Question 25

What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer 25

genetic motor neuron disease that affects the spinal nerves ability to communicate with the muscles

Question 26

Why is meperidine avoided for pain in sickle cell patients?

Answer 26

risk of seizures

Question 27

Symptoms of splenic sequestration

Answer 27

profound anemia, hypovolemia, and shock

Question 28

Causes of splenic sequestration?

Answer 28

pooling of blood and clumping of blood in the spleen

Question 29

When is hemoglobin A transferred to infants

Answer 29

about 6 months

Question 30

How much iron store from mother does the infant have before needing to take iron fortified formula or foods?

Answer 30

6 months

Question 31

What is thalassemia?

Answer 31

unable to produce normal hemoglobin

Question 32

What is Hemosiderosis?

Answer 32

Excessive supply of iron

Question 33

What causes hemosiderosis in Beta Thalassemia?

Answer 33

result of rapid hemolysis of RBCs, the decrease in hemoglobin production, and the increased absorption of dietary iron in response to the severely anemic state.

Question 34

What is the goal of tx for beta thalassemia?

Answer 34

maintain normal hemoglobin levels by the administration of blood transfusions

Question 35

drug used for chelation therapy in beta thalessemia to treat iron overload?

Answer 35

Deferoxamine or deferasirox

Question 36

S/sx of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 36

projectile vomiting, hunger, weight loss, dehydration with fluid and electrolyte disturbances, increased abd distention, palpable olive shape mass in the epigastric area.

Question 37

What is a pyloric stenosis?

Answer 37

muscle around the pylorus enlarges and leads to obstruction during the 1st 3 months of life

Question 38

Risk factors for intussusception

Answer 38

male gender, Meckel diverticulum, duplication cysts, polyps, hemangiomas, tumors, appendix, CF, celiac disease, crohn's disease

Question 39

signs of ulcerative colitis

Answer 39

rectal bleeding, severe diarrhea, less frequent pain, mild/mod anorexia, moderate wt. loss, mild growth delay, limited to colon or rectum

Question 40

Signs of crohn's

Answer 40

uncommon to bleed, mod/severe diarrhea, pain is common, maybe severe anorexia, maybe severe wt. loss, maybe severe FTT, extra-gut sx, peri-anal skin tags, any part of GI tract especially the ileum

Question 41

clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 41

``` Fever Lethargy Headache Decreased urine output Abdominal pain Vomiting Anorexia Edema Hematuria Proteinuria cola colored urine ```

Question 42

clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 42

``` marked edema (recent weight gain) N/V weakness/fatigue fussiness/irritability massive proteinuria (3+), possibly hematuria serum protein and albumin levels low ```

Question 43

Management of glomerulonephritis

Answer 43

correct HTN, Na and fluid restrictions, daily weight, close neuro monitoring for encephalopathy and sz

Question 44

Management of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 44

- I/O, daily weight, assess edema, fluid restrictions, diuretics. - corticosteroids - IV albumin - low NaCl - immunosuppressive therapy (cytoxan-can help minimize risk of relapse)

Question 45

UTI risk factors

Answer 45

``` uncircumcised males < 3 plumbing abnormalities shorter urethra constipation hygiene issues ```

Question 46

What is a VCUG

Answer 46

The bladder is filled with contrast material via catheterization. Fluoroscopy is performed to demonstrate filling of the bladder and collapsing after emptying

Question 47

Indications for VCUG

Answer 47

Hematuria, urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, suspected structural anomalies