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Biochem > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What eicanasoids are blocked by NSAIDs?

A

Prostaglandins

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2
Q

What eicanasoids are not affected by NSAIDs?

A

Leukotrienes

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3
Q

How are Leukotrienes synthesized?

A

From AA by Lipoxygenases

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4
Q

What is the major precursor for Eicanasoids?
(Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Thromboxanes)

A

Arachidonic Acid

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5
Q

How many Carbons do Eicanasoids possess?

A

20

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6
Q

COX1 and COX2 Enzymes

A

Convert Arachidonic Acid to Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins

Inhibited by Cortisol and NSAIDs

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7
Q

5 Lipoxygenase

A

Arachidonic Acid —> Leukotrienes

Not inhibited by NSAIDs

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8
Q

HMG CoA Reductase

A

Cholesterol Synthesis Rate Limiting Step

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9
Q

What effect does Statin have on Cholesterol?

A

Blocks HMG CoA —> Mevalonate

No Synthesis

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10
Q

Cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase

A

Cholesterol Degredation Rate Limiting Step

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11
Q

Fatty-acyl CoA Synthetase

A

Adds CoA to FA to activate it

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12
Q

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

A

Removes FA and metabolizes stored fats

Increased in response to Epinephrine

Decreased by Insulin

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13
Q

Sphingomyelinase

A

Sphingomyelin —> Ceramide

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14
Q

Lipoxygenases

A

AA’s —> Leukotrienes

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15
Q

Cholesterol Synthesis

A

Acetyl-CoA ——> HMG ——> Mevalonate ——> Squalene ——> Cholesterol

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16
Q

How many carbons in Palmitic Acid?

A

16 Carbons, the max for Fatty Acid Synthase

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17
Q

Where does Fatty Acid Synthesis occur?

A

The Cytosol

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18
Q

Where do the 2C additions come from in FA Synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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19
Q

How does Acetyl-CoA cross the mitochondrial membrane in FA synthesis?

A

It combines with OAA to form Citrate, which is broken apart after crossing the membrane

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20
Q

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

A

Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA

Rate Limiting step of FA Synthesis

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21
Q

Palmitate

A

Result of FA synthesis

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22
Q

Is Fatty Acid Synthesis oxidative or reductive?

23
Q

Desaturases

Study These Flashcards
A

Add cis double bonds in fatty acid elongation

24
Q

What carbons can humans use Desaturases on?

25
Precursor to Glycerol used in TAGs
Glycerol Phosphate
26
What enzyme causes storage of TAGs?
Lipoprotein Lipase
27
Where does Beta Oxidation (breakdown of Fatty Acids) occur?
Mitochondria
28
How do Fatty Acids get into the Mitochondria for Beta-Oxidation?
Carnitine Shuttle
29
What would be the result of one round of Beta Oxidation of Palmitic Acid?
14C Fatty Acyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA
30
Propionyl-CoA
3C Starter for odd Carbon FA synth Last molecule in odd carbon FA Degredation. Then turned into Succinyl-CoA
31
Starting Molecule for Ketone Bodies
Acetyl-CoA
32
Where are Ketone bodies produced?
Liver Mitochondria
33
Choline is an integral part of what complex lipid?
Sphingophospholipids “Sphincter and Colon”
34
Serine, Ethanol Amine, or Choline are integral parts of what complex lipid?
Glycophospholipids
35
Sphingosine with Choline attached is called what?
Sphingomyelin
36
Where does Phospholipase C cleave?
Before the Phosphate
37
Where does Phospholipase D cleave?
After the Phosphate
38
Where does Sphingomyelinase cleave?
Before the Phosphate “Past the Sphincter before the PP”
39
Where does Sphingomyelinase cleave?
Before the phosphate
40
Where does Ceramidase cleave?
It cleaves the FA off of Sphingomyelin Sara be cuttin off the fat
41
What backbone do glycolipids have?
Sphingosine backbone Central carbon attached to NITROGEN
42
How do Glycolipids differ from Phospholipids?
They have no Phosphate Have a sugar head
43
Cerebrosides
Names for Neutral Glycolipids More brain means you’re more neutral and think calmly
44
Gangliosides
Acidic/Negatively charged Glycolipids “Gangs are negative”
45
Glycolipids with a Sulfur head are called..
Sulfatides
46
Glycolipids with two or more sugars are called…
Globosides
47
What type of Glycolipid is NANA?
Gangliosides
48
Galactosidase
Cleaves Galactose from Glycolipids
49
Neuraminidase
Cleaves NANA from Glycolipids
50
NSAIDS block …
COX
51
How many Carbon rings in Cholesterol?
4 rings
52
Statins inhibit which enzyme in Cholesterol Synthesis?
HMG-CoA Reductase
53
Cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase
Rate limiting step of bile formation/ cholesterol Degredation Activated by more cholesterol Inhibited by more bile salts
54
Steroid Hormone formation from Cholesterol, begins with …
Cholesterol -> Pregnenolone -> Progesterone

Biochem (10 decks)

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