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Gen Bio 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharides that structurally support plants and algae

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2
Q

Sporangium

A

Capsule structure belonging to many plants and fungi, in which the reproductive spores are produced and stored

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3
Q

Gamete

A

Haploid reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms that fuse with one another during fertilization

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4
Q

Meiosis

A

Process in eukaryotic, sexually-reproducing animals that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell before reproduction (sperm + egg)

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5
Q

Tracheophyte

A

A vascular plant contains conducting systems that consist of xylem for the conveyance of water and phloem for the transportation of food such as sugar

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6
Q

Angiosperm

A

Any of the flower-producing plant

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7
Q

Xylem

A

A type of tissue in vascular plants that transports water and some nutrients from the roots to the leaves

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8
Q

Pollen Strobilus

A

Wind pollination (Cones)

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9
Q

Sepal

A

A leaf-shaped structure found in flowering plants, or angiosperms

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10
Q

Anther

A

Holds the pollen

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11
Q

Alternation of Generation

A

A type of life cycle found in terrestrial plants and some algae in which subsequent generations of individuals alternate between haploid and diploid organisms

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12
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A molecule produced by plants, algae and cyanobacteria which aids in the conversion of light energy into chemical bonds

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13
Q

Spore

A

A dormant, reproductive cell formed by certain organisms. It is thick-walled and highly resistant to survive under unfavorable conditions so that when conditions revert to being suitable it gives rise to a new individual.

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14
Q

Fertilization

A

The process by which male and female gametes are fused together, initiating the development of a new organism

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15
Q

Heterospory

A

When a plant bears two different types of spores (megaspores + microspores)

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16
Q

Nontracheophyte

A

Lack lignin and do not have actual tracheid

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17
Q

Archgonium

A

The female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses

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18
Q

Frond

A

A large leaf (especially of a palm or fern) usually with many divisions

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19
Q

Megasporangium

A

The structure in certain spore-bearing plants in which the megaspores are formed: corresponds to the ovule in seed plants

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20
Q

Petal

A

A member of the inner whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower, usually soft and colored conspicuously

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21
Q

Ovule

A

Female reproductive organ in seed plants

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22
Q

Sporophyte

A

Plants that produce spores

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23
Q

Gametophyte

A

Plants that produce gametes

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24
Q

Zygote

A

When two gametes fuse during fertilization (sperm + egg)

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25
Homospory
Characterized by morphologically identical spores that germinate to produce bisexual (both male and female) gametophytes
26
Antheridium
Male sex organ is a saclike structure made up of a jacket of sterile cells one cell thick; it encloses many cells, each of which, when mature, produces one sperm
27
Gymnosperm
A group of plants that produce seeds that are not contained within an ovary or fruit. The seeds are open to the air and are directly fertilized by pollination.
28
Sori
Brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves
29
Megaspore
A spore in heterosporous plants giving rise to female gametophytes and usually larger than a microspore
30
Stamen
Male reproductive organ of flowering plant species that produces pollen
31
Monocot
Seeds that contain a single (mono-) embryonic leaf known as a cotyledon
32
Diploid
Cell have 2 sets of chromosomes
33
Haploid
Cell having a one set of chromosomes
34
Mitosis
Cell cycle that the newly duplicated DNA is separated and two new cells are formed. This process is important in single-celled eukaryotes, as it is the process of asexual reproduction
35
Gametangia
An organ or cell in which gametes are produced
36
Protonema
The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed
37
Phloem
A vascular tissue in plants that functions primarily in transporting organic food materials (e.g. sucrose) from the photosynthetic organ (leaf) to all the parts of the plant
38
Prothallus
The gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte
39
Microspore
The smaller spore produced by sporophytes and develop into male gametophyte
40
Carpel
An organ at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style
41
Dicot
They have two (di-) cotyledons
42
Invertebrate
Any of the animals lacking a vertebral column
43
Pseudocoelomate
Fluid-filled body cavity separating the intestines of organisms from the body from the body wall but it is not lined by mesoderm, unlike true coelomates
44
Nematocyst
The secretory organelle in a form of a capsule with a barbed or venomous coiled thread that may be discharged in self-defense or to catch prey
45
Medusa
The freely-swimming, umbrella- or disk-shaped gelatinous form of Cnidarians
46
Mesoderm
A germ layer that arises during gastrulation, and is present between the ectoderm, which will turn into skin and central nervous system cells, and the endoderm, which will produce the gut and the lung
47
Hermaphroditism
Possesses both of the male and the female reproductive organs whether it occurs naturally or abnormally
48
Scyphozoans
Any of a class (Scyphozoa) of cnidarians: any of a phylum of invertebrate animal that possess a large, conspicuous, sexually-reproducing medusa typically lacking a velum and a very small, usually funnel-shaped, asexually-reproducing polyp
49
Hydrozoans
any of a class (Hydrozoa) of cnidarians: any of a phylum of invertebrate animals that includes solitary and colonial polyps and medusae but often having the medusa stage reduced or absent and lacking nematocysts in the digestive cavity
50
Vertebrate
Any living thing with a backbone
51
Coelomate
A body cavity called a coelom with a complete lining called peritoneum derived from mesoderm (one of the three primary tissue layers)
52
Cnidocytes
A specialized cell containing a cnidocyst involved in capturing prey and defense mechanism against predators of the cnidarians
53
Mesoglea
Extracellular matrix found in cnidarians like coral or jellyfish that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton.
54
Endoderm
An embryonic germ layer that gives rise to tissues that form internal structures and organs
55
Gastrovascular
Having both a digestive and a circulatory function
56
Anthozoans
a class of marine invertebrates that includes sea anemones, stony corals, and rough corals
57
Acoelomate
An animal without a coelom
58
Spicule
A small, slender, sharp-pointed piece, usually on a surface, a small spike of flowers
59
Polyp
These small explosive cells are used to deliver poison or stick to the prey. Once the prey is captured, it can be eaten. All cnidarians have some sort of nematocysts, and many exist in the polypoid form, although some do not.
60
Ectoderm
A germ layer, or tissue layer, that forms in an animal embryo during development
61
Coelom
A body cavity found in metazoans (animals that develop from an embryo with three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)
62
Cephalization
The differentiation of the anterior (front) end of an organism into a definite head.
63
Myriapods
The body made up of numerous similar segments nearly all of which bear true jointed legs and including the millipedes and centipedes
64
Radula
Anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue
65
Tracheae
66
Visceral mass
The soft, non-muscular metabolic region of the mollusc that contains the body organ
67
Deuterostome
Clade of animals that undergo deuterostomy during their embryonic development. Has bilateral symmetry and the blastopore (the first opening in cleavage) developing into the anus during embryonic development. 2 mouths
68
Blastopore
A pit in the side of the embryo, through which cells fated to be endodermal flow so that they leave the outer surface of the embryo and can create a new inner surface
69
Chelicerates
Arthropods that are named for their feeding appendages called chelicerae
70
Abdomen
The region between the pelvis (pelvic brim) and the thorax (thoracic diaphragm) in vertebrates
71
Metamorphosis
A process by which animals undergo extreme, rapid physical changes some time after birth
72
Protostome
A clade of animals that undergo protostomy during their embryonic development
73
Crustaceans
Any arthropod of the mainly aquatic class Crustacea, typically having a carapace hardened with lime
74
Mollusk
Any soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell
75
Chitin
A polymer of nitrogen-containing polysaccharide (C8H13O5N)n rendering a tough, protective covering or structural support in certain organisms
76
Excretion
The process by which animals rid themselves of waste products and of the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism

Gen Bio 1 (3 decks)

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