Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

Alpha waves
Stages 1 & 2
Delta waves:
Stages 3 & 4
REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alpha waves

A

Awake; low voltage, high frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Delta waves

A

High amplitude, low frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stages 1 and 2

A

NonREM
Frequency slows, amplitude increases
Muscle activity, heart rate, and body temperature increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stages 3 and 4

A

MOST RESTORATIVE STAGE
Deep sleep
Deep, rhythmic breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

REM Sleep

A

Awake-like EEG
Dreams, skeletal muscle paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much do we dream?

A

2 hours per night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many cycles of sleep do we go through a night?

A

4 to 5 per night, lasting 90 to 110 each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much sleep do we need?

A

Childhood: 14 to 17 hours
Adolescence: 8 to 10 hours
Adulthood: 7 to 9 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brain Elasticity Theory

A

Sleep is correlated to changes in structure and organization of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Restorative Theories

A

Sleep helps restore, repair, and rejuvenate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adenosine Theory

A

Buildup of adenosine causes us to feel tired
Sleeping clears this buildup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaptive/Evolutionary Theory

A

Inactivity helps us survive by keeping us out of harm’s way while particularly vulnerable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Energy Conservation Theory

A

Sleep reduces energy demand and expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sleep deprivation consequences

A

Irritability, apathy, disinhibition
Flattened emotional responses
Major Depressive Disorder
Can’t multitask or concentrate
Increased blood pressure, diabetes, obesity
Reduced brain volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insomnia

A

Prevalence: 10-15% of all adults
Inability to fall or stay asleep
Doubling of mortality rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Extreme tendency to fall asleep in relaxing surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to improve sleep?

A

Pharmatherapy (serious side effects)
Chronobiological (bright lights)
CBT
Stimulus control
Sleep hygiene and restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a stressor?

A

Any event that evokes a stress reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Four types of stress

A

Biochemical - release of hormones
Physiological - blood pressure
Cognitive - beliefs about the stressor
Behavioral - flight or fight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sources of stress

A

Early life experiences
Chronic stressful conditions
Workplace stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characteristics of a stressor

A

Negative
Uncontrollable
Unpredictable
Ambiguous
Overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two types of cognitive reactions to stressors

A

Appraisals: what is going on?
Anticipations: anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mobilizing response

A

Flight, fight, or freeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Affiliative response
Tend and befriend
26
General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm: immediate reaction Resistance: adaptation to the stressor Exhaustion: breakdown of adaptation
27
Four pathways to illness
Physiology Psychosocial resources Use of health services Health behaviors
28
Five components of PTSD
Stressor Intrusion Avoidance Cognition and Mood Arousal
29
Coping styles
Approach v. avoidance Approach leads to better adjustment Problem focused v. emotion focused Emotion focused develops in early adolescence Proactive v. reactive
30
Pain
Motivates us to protect
31
Prevalence of pain?
3o to 50 million Americans 80% of physician visits $100 billion annually 7/10 average pain for chronic pain patients
32
Acute
Adaptive: triggers help seeking behavior
33
Chronic
Maladaptive: Lasts past normal, expected healing period Associated with emotional distress
34
What are pain receptors called?
Nociceptors
35
Where are pain receptors located?
Free nerve endings in tissues throughout the body
36
What are the three types of pain?
Mechanical Thermal Chemical
37
Chemical
Environmental toxins, irritants
38
Mechanical
Excess pressure, incision, physical deformation
39
Thermal
Temperature exposure
40
A-delta fibers
Sharp pain Myelinated
41
C-fibers
Dull, aching pain Unmyelinated
42
What is the body's natural pain suppression system?
Endogenous Opioid Peptides Endorphins
43
Is measuring pain easy?
No, it is hard to measure and difficult to understand
44
Pain as input or output?
Output of the brain
45
Traditional view of pain
Passively perceived by the brain
46
Modern view of pain
Created by the brain
47
Biopsychosocial view of pain
Physical and psychological experience Context it's experienced in Social component
48
Gate Control Theory
Perception of pain is somewhat under voluntary control
49
Harm and Pain
Not equal Can be modulated by factors unrelated to harm
50
Body and Pain
Body can overreact
51
Mental Health and Pain
Depression can increase pain Associated with anxiety and substance abuse
52
Placebo Effect
Therapeutic intent Can occur even when the patient is aware
53
Situational Determinants to the Placebo Effect
Setting where administered Shape, size, color, taste, quantity Provider behavior Patient characteristics Communication Social norms
54
What is nocebo?
Harmless substance with harmful effects
55
What classifies a chronic illness?
3 months or more Can't be prevented by vaccines Can't be cured by medication Will not spontaneously recover
56
Prevalence of chronic illness
50% of the population More than 33% of younger adults 80% of older adults
57
EVIDENCE: Brain Plasticity Theory
Sleep is crucial to brain development in infants Children sleep 13-14 hours/night
58
EVIDENCE: Adenosine Theory
Caffeine blocks adenosine and keeps us alert
59
EVIDENCE: Restorative Theories
Animals deprived of sleep suffer in immune function and die within a few weeks Restorative functions occur primarily during sleep
60
EVIDENCE: Evolutionary/Adaptive Theory
No evidence
61
EVIDENCE: Energy Conservation Theory
Metabolism is a lot slower during sleep
62
Benefits of Sleep
Weight control​ Improved heart health​ Reduce inflammation​ Improved athletic performance​ Improved muscle health​ Improved sex drive​ Improved mood​ Improved self-efficacy, self-esteem​ Improved cognitive functioning Increased creativity​ Increased productivity​ Improved long-term mood (e.g., less depression/anxiety)​
63
Components of CBT interventions for sleep
Sleep hygiene Stimulus control Sleep restrictions
64
Perceived Stress Scale measures
how people perceive nonspecific stressors
65
What are Holmes’ and Rahe’s 3 highest scoring events on their Inventory of Stressful Life Events?​
Early life experiences Chronic stress conditions Workplace stress
66
WHat is important about coping strategies?
Use similar strategies as stress coping techniques​ Use fewer active coping methods​ Use more passive coping methods​ WHY?​ Many chronic illnesses are uncontrollable in nature​

Health Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions