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hdfs 229 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

rooting

A

involuntary muscle response to stimulation of their mouth

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2
Q

babinski - feet

A

when the sole of the foot is stroked, the big toes bends back towards the top of the foot and the other toes fan out

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3
Q

moro - startle

A

involuntary response to stimulation

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4
Q

gross motor skills

A

larger muscles; crawling, standing, walking

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5
Q

fine motor skills

A

smaller muscles; reaching and grasping; pre-reaching moves; 3-4 months

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6
Q

social smile

A

intentional gesture of warmth meant just for you

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7
Q

sitting

A

difficult; 6-7 months

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8
Q

crawling

A

7-8 months

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9
Q

cruising

A

9 months

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10
Q

walking

A

12 months

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11
Q

synaptic pruning

A

brain eliminates extra synapses; increases efficiency

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12
Q

brain dev: birth

A

brain is 1/4 the size

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13
Q

brain dev: at 2

A

brain is 70% there

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14
Q

major prefrontal cortex growth

A

brain dev

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15
Q

left hemisphere is especially active

A

brain dev

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16
Q

leading cause of death in early childhood

A

SIDS

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17
Q

car seat standards

A

0-2, less than 30lbs = rear facing child seat
2-4, up to 40 lbs = rear or forward facing child seat
4-8, less than 57 in = booster seat or forward facing seat
8-17, more than 57 in = vehicle seatbelt
under 13 = in the back seat

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18
Q

media use recs

A

0-2 = no screen time
3-5 = 1 hr/ day of non-violent tv
6-12 = 2hrs/day of non violent tv
13-18 = 2 hrs/day and 30 min specific to video games

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19
Q

visual cliff and gap finding

A

depth perception is innate and keeps babies safe from dangerous, height related obstacles

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20
Q

violation of expectations findings

A

infants tend to look for longer at things they haven’t encountered before

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21
Q

shopping cart experiment findings

A

dev of self-awareness ab a problem put in front of them

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22
Q

harlow’s monkey experiment findings

A

proved love isn’t only based on physical needs; wire mother had food, cloth mother didn’t, and monkeys showed a preference for cloth mother

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23
Q

rouge test finding

A

proved love isn’t only based on physical needs; wire mother had food, cloth mother didn’t, and monkeys showed a preference for cloth mother

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24
Q

scale error findings

A

young kids attempt to perform inappropriate actions on miniature object without considering the actual size of the object; kid trying to fit in smaller shoes as if they were the correct size

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25
piaget cog dev stages : sensorimotor
1: use of reflexes (0-1 month) 2: adaption of early reflexes (1-4 months, primary circular reaction) 3: beginning of intention (4-8 months, secondary circular reaction) 4: intentional/goal-directed behaviors (8-12 months, object permanence) 5: invention of new behaviors (12-18 months, tertiary circular reaction) 6” internal rep of the world (18-24 months, mental reps, make-believe play)
26
piaget cog dev stages: preoperational
children build on object permanence and continue to develop abstract mental processes
27
assimilation
children make sense of the world by using what they already know
28
accommodation
accommodates the old schema to a new object
29
disequilibrium
when a child comes across a new situation or task they don't understand
30
equilibrium
a child is able to use prior knowledge to fit with new situations
31
object permanence
understanding that items and people exist even when they can't be seen or heard
32
a-not-b task
incomplete object permanence; an experimenter hides an attractive toy under box “a” within baby’s reach
33
infantile amnesia
inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories
34
zone of proximal development
the gap between what the learner can do without assistance and what the learner can do with help
35
scaffolding
activites used to support the student as they are led through zone of proximal dev
36
recognition
At 3 months = 1 wk 6 months = 2 weeks 18 months = 3 months
37
recall
6+ months
38
attachment
deep & enduring emotional bond connecting one person to another across time & space
39
bowlby's attachment stges
Preattachment phase: birth to 6 weeks attachment-in-the-making phase: 6 weeks to 6/8 months clear-cut attachment phase: 6/8 months to 18 months/2 years; separation anxiety formation of a reciprocal relationship: 18 months/2 years and on
40
stranger anxiety
shown through crying when an unfamiliar person approaches; linked to distinguishing familiar from the unfamiliar
41
goodness of fit
shaped by the interaction between their own characteristics and the environment around them; kid needs quiet place to sleep, so parents make that accommodation to understand the temperaments and concept of goodness of fit
42
internal working model : bowlby's attachment theory
attachment is a foundational basis from which children later influence their ability to appropriately attach to others on into adulthood
43
mary ainsworth: strange situation
lab procedure that allows identification of, without lengthy home observation, infants who effectively use a primary caregiver as a secure base
44
mary ainsworth: attachment types
Secure: consistent, loving, able to meet kids needs Insecure-avoidant: doesn’t depend on caregiver and has no preference between stranger or caregiver Insecure-ambivalent/resistance: poor caretaker availability
45
self recognition
1 1/2 to 2 yrs
46
obesity causes
overweight parents, low SES, parental feeding practices, insufficient sleep, low physical activity, tv, eating out
47
nativist theory
innate human capability
48
core knowledge theory
babies are born w core knowledge (physical, linguistic, psychological, numerical)
49
interactionist theory
argues that meaning to be produced through the interactions of individuals
50
cooing
first milestone in infant verbal language production
51
babbling
follows cooing
52
preverbal gestures
12 months
53
holophrases
single words; go, mine,
54
telegraphic speech
2 word sentences; i hungry
55
conservation
child is able to identify 2 identical objects as the same no matter what
56
centration
child becomes completely fixed on one point, not allowing them to see wider picture
57
irreversibility
cognitive inability to think in reverse order
58
egocentrism
child's inability to see situation from another pov
59
dual rep
one must mentally represent both the symbol itself an its relation
60
animist thinking
tendency of children to ascribe life to inanimate object

hdfs 229 (4 decks)

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