Exam # 2

Question 1

What are the nodes of the heart?

Answer 1

The SA node and AV node

Question 2

What does AV node stand for?

Answer 2

Atrioventricular node

Question 3

What does SA node stand for?

Answer 3

Sinoatrial node

Question 4

What occurs when there is a P wave?

Answer 4

Atrial depolarization….two atria contract

Question 5

What occurs during the Q wave?

Answer 5

Septal depolarization

Question 6

What happenes during the QRS complex?

Answer 6

Ventricular depolarization…two ventricles contract

Question 7

What happens during the t wave

Answer 7

Ventricular repolarization…ventricles relax

Question 8

What happens during the ST segment?

Answer 8

Myocardium remains depolarized

Question 9

What happens during the PR segment?

Answer 9

The av node temporarily holds the charge for 0.1 seconds

Question 10

What happens when the AV node becomes depolarized

Answer 10

It’s gains the positive charge

Question 11

Why is the PR segment a flat line?

Answer 11

Because the AV node is temporarily holding the charge

Question 12

Where does the charge flow from after the atrioventricular node?

Answer 12

Down the bundle of hiss then to the bundle branches

Question 13

what is occurring to the charge during depolarization?

Answer 13

it is going from -80 up into the positive

Question 14

what does cardiac muscle require for contraction that skeletal muscle does not ?

Answer 14

Calcium

Question 15

what does calcium do for cardiac muscle?

Answer 15

xxx

Question 16

what type of muscle has interculated discs?

Answer 16

cardiac muscle

Question 17

what is included in the interculated disc?

Answer 17

gap junction and desmose

Question 18

what are the steps the steps to cardiac muscle contraction?

Answer 18

1) The nodal fires and a stream of positive ions comes in
2) The charge depolarizes from the Na entering the cell
3) Part way through depolarization the slow Ca gates open
4) Then K opens
5 The cardiac plateau occurs
6) The Ca gates close and K continue to flow in until the cell is repolarized

Question 19

what is cardiac output?

Answer 19

the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute

Question 20

what is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 20

Cardiac output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 21

what is the atrial reflex in terms of hear rate

Answer 21

since the SA node is on top of the right atrium it is stretched whe the right atrium is contracted causing the heart rate to increase

Question 22

what does the ANS have to do with the heart?

Answer 22

there is a cardiac center in the medulla that monitors the body

in healthy people the parasympathetic is dominant allowing the SA node to control the heart beat creating sinus rhythm

Question 23

what are positive chronotropic?

Answer 23

increases the heart rate

Question 24

what are negative chronotropic?

Answer 24

decrease heart rate

Question 25

where is the medulla located?

Answer 25

on the brain stem

Question 26

what are thermoreceptors and where are they located?

Answer 26

sense temp chages...if your temp goes up so does your HR...if your temp goes down so does your HR

Question 27

what are baroreceptors?

Answer 27

found in the carotid artery ....pressure goes up HR goes down

Question 28

what are chemoreceptors?

Answer 28

sense for changes in pH....too much H+ your body will increase HR

Question 29

what does HR do if you get too much CO2?

Answer 29

increase HR

Question 30

What nerve is related to the Sympathetic NS to the heart?

Answer 30

cardiac nerve

Question 31

what nerve is related to the PNS to the heart?

Answer 31

Vagus Nerve

Question 32

what Neurotransmitter is used in the Cardiac Nerve?

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

what neurotransmitter is used in the Vagus nerve?

Answer 33

Acetylcholine

Question 34

What receptor is related to the Cardiac Nerve?

Answer 34

Beta 2

Question 35

what receptor is related to the Vagus nerve?

Answer 35

Choligenic

Question 36

What does Norepinephrine do to the body?

Answer 36

Raise HR Raise Resp Dilates trachea and pupils Blood sent to muscles instead of organs

Question 37

what does ACH do for the body?

Answer 37

the opposite of Norepinephrine

Question 38

what is stroke volume?

Answer 38

amount of blood ejected from ventricle per contraction

Question 39

what is the equation for stroke volume?

Answer 39

Stroke volume = End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume

Question 40

What is end diastolic volume?

Answer 40

the amount of blood that enters the ventrilce before it starts to contract

Question 41

What is end diastolic volume?

Answer 41

the amount of blood that enters the ventricle before it starts to contract

Question 42

what is degree in relation to EDV?

Answer 42

degree to which the ventrilces stretch when filling with blood

Question 43

When End diastolic volume is high what happens to systolic pressure?

Answer 43

Systolic goes up

Question 44

what is the end systolic volume?

Answer 44

the amount of blood left over in the verntrilces after contraction