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SHS 485 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

semantic paraphasia

A

incorrect word selection
-often related in meaning (which is semantic) OR can be incorrect word selection (verbal) ex. my wife vs. my mother

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2
Q

phonemic paraphasia

A

phoneme based error
-errors can result in real words ex. puck for cup

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3
Q

paragrammatism

A

running speech is inchoerent

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4
Q

how can the house model be used to map out various aphasia subtypes

A

with the impaired location on the model, it can represent various subtypes and therefore create varying symtoms

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5
Q

fluent vs. non-fluent subtypes of aphasia

A

fluent : wernicke’s, conduction, transcortical sensory, anomic, and pure word deafness
non-fluent : broca’s, global, and transcortical motor

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6
Q

caution about aphasia

A

syndromes may not localize to expected lesion site
-there is a general correlation between lesion site and syndrome

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7
Q

code switching

A

alternating use of ones language
-requires linguistic competence across both languages

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8
Q

how is the brain organized with bilinguals

A

-overlap of areas used in both languages
-same areas process language

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9
Q

how does age of acquisition impact language competence

A

-early and proficient bilinguals have a high degree of overlap in used areas
-late and proficient bilinguals have little or no overlap in used areas

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10
Q

parallel recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

recover at the same rate and at same level

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11
Q

differential recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

one language is recovered more than the other

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12
Q

antagonistic recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

L1 is better than L2 at the beginning, then L2 improves and L1 decreases

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13
Q

alternating antagonism recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

same as antagonistic but will switch back for forth
-switches on a daily basis or over months

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14
Q

selective recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

deficits are in one language

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15
Q

successive recovery pattern for bilinguals

A

one language improves, then the other

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16
Q

blending

A

unintentional mixing of both languages
-words and grammatical constructions
-NOT code switching

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17
Q

inability to translation deficit

A

cannot translate L1 to L2 OR L2 to L1

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18
Q

paradoxical translation

A

can translate one way only
-from L1 to L2 OR L2 to L1

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19
Q

translation without comprehension

A

can translate but does not understand what they are saying

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20
Q

spontaneous translation

A

involuntary translation of everything they hear
-often occurs with cognitive or inhibition issues

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21
Q

recovery considerations for bilinguals

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A

-various factors related to abilities post stroke
-generalization : treatment can, but not always, generalize from L1 to L2
-interference : difficulties in L1 can affect L2

22
Q

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

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A

alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brian pathology, caused by external force
-can be a physical or motion force

23
Q

open head injury

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A

damage caused by object entering cranium

24
Q

closed head injury

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A

damage caused by impact to head

25
mild TBI/concussion
temporary disruption of brain functions caused by head trauma -resolves over time -sometimes results in long term effects
26
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
a progressive degenerative disease found in those with repeated head injuries -symptoms can occur months or years after injuries and progresses to dementia
27
how is the brain protected
hard outer layer (skull), cushioning function (meninges) and fluid that is throughout the brain (cerebrospinal fluid)
28
how is the head/brain impacted with an open head injury
cranium is shattered or damaged -will be more focal damage or diffuse
29
how is the head/brain impacted with a closed head injury
will be damaged by impact -diffuse damage -primary injuries : contusion, compression, stretching, shearing/tearing -secondary injuries : elevated pressure, brain edema, hypoxia, pyrexia
30
speech and language problems with a TBI
communication problems (stemming from cognitive deficits), aphasia, verbal retrieval problems, difficulty recalling names, intelligible speech, reasonably fluent and grammatical expressive language and comprehension is adequate to support everyday interactions
31
more common language deficits
interpretation of ambiguous sentences, inferential judgements, generating semantically, metaphor interpretation, humor, semantic association tasks, synonym.antonym tasks, digressiveness, and difficulty in self monitoring
32
why is it hard to pinpoint linguistic deficits following a TBI
-high variability of the TBI population -language deficits are often overlooked due to cognitive/memory problems -metalinguistic cognitive functions interact with language deficits
33
what do language impairments reflect of the brain with a TBI
the interplay between cognitive and linguistic processes -cognitive dysfunction with attention, organization, sequencing and retrieval
34
executive functions
tells the brain what to focus on and what is important
35
what are some executive function deficits seen with TBI patients
attention, planning, perplexed, and goal focused
36
why is it hard to pinpoint linguistic deficits following a TBI
-high variability of the TBI population -language deficits are often overlooked due to cognitive/memory problems -metalinguistic cognitive functions interact with language deficits
37
different recovery patterns
-full language function recovering if initial injury was mild -after some mild head injury expresses deficits can remain for at least 6 months and generally recovers diffuse cerebral damage -more severe damage with diffuse damage
38
recovery patterns for language abilities
more linguistic recovery occurs within the first 6 months (first month in particular) -cognitive and linguistic impairments will resolve in those early months as well
39
dementia
brain damage that is slowly acquired -typically progressive, related to memory loss and cognitive impairments -brain changes occur before symptoms appear
40
what does dementia consist of
short term memory impairment AND one of the following : -executive function impairment -aphasia : language -apraxia : motor memory -agnosis : sensory memory
41
mild dementia
extremely brief to about 5 years prior to diagnosis -difficulty remembering recent information -difficulty performing familiar tasks -difficulty with word finding family begins to notice cognitive deficits
42
moderate dementia
between 2 and 12 years -worsening memory problems -increased difficulty with performing daily tasks -increased changes in behavior, mood, and personality -changes in 5 senses
43
severe dementia
1 to 3 years -little to no short term memory remains -unable to perform tasks -lack of judgement -unable to communicate effectively -does not recognize self or family -little to no function with senses -physical activity declines
44
alzheimer's disease (AD)
most common type of dementia -accounts for around 50% of cases of dementia
45
3 changes seen in the brain with AD patients
amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal degeneration -these all lead to clinical symptoms but the changes occur YEARS before symptoms
46
early onset AD
-seen in people younger than 65 -typically occurs in 40-50s -heavy genetic component to susceptibility
47
vascular dementia
presentation of dementia symptoms usually caused by a series of strokes -onset of symptoms typically occurs following a stroke, several small strokes, or TIAs
48
difference between vascular dementia and aphasia
vascular dementia is cognitive impairments associated with a stroke whereas aphasia is language impairments due to a stroke
49
memory impairments
difficulty forming new memories, information retrieval deficits, personal episodic memory impairment, and procedural/implicit memory better than declarative memory
50
visuospatial impairments
visual recognitive impairments : trouble recognizing familiar faces spatial deficits : getting lost in familiar places, 3-D drawing deficits

SHS 485 (2 decks)

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