exam #2

Question 1

nematode amphids

Answer 1

paired lateral sensory organ derived of cilia

Question 2

nematode cuticle

Answer 2

noncellular covering of collagen secreted by underlying epidermis

Question 3

syncytial (nematode epidermis)

Answer 3

nuclei are not completely separated by cell membranes

Question 4

eutely (nematode/rotifer)

Answer 4

growth increases in the size of cells, not by the number of cells

Question 5

true circulatory system (nemertine)

Answer 5

blood circulates through well-defined contractile vessels

Question 6

proboscis (nemertine)

Answer 6

retractable muscle that is distinct from digestive tract, located in the rhynchocoel, and used to capture prey as it can be shot out

Question 7

rhynchocoel (nemertine)

Answer 7

fluid-filled, has circular muscles around it that can contract, and is used to shoot out the proboscis

Question 8

pilidium larvae (nemertine)

Answer 8

long-lived, ciliated, swimming, and feeding individuals

Question 9

imaginal discs

Answer 9

discrete masses of embryonic tissue within the pilidium larvae that are preprogrammed to form specific tissues/organs and eventually fuse together to form the juvenile organism

Question 10

corona

Answer 10

2 ciliated areas surrounding the mouth which beat giving the impression that the lobes are rotating, can add to locomotion, but are mainly used for respiration and food collection by generating a current

Question 11

mastax

Answer 11

the muscular modification of the pharynx that contains trophi

Question 12

trophi (rotifer)

Answer 12

rigid jaw structures located within the mastax used to grind food for digestion to follow

Question 13

toes (rotifer)

Answer 13

has adhesive glands

Question 14

class seisonidea (rotifer)

Answer 14

ectoparasites of marine crustaceans, reproduction is sexual, and has a reduced corona since they rely on host for nutrients

Question 15

class bdelloidea (rotifer)

Answer 15

free-living, mobile so well developed corona, reproduction through parthenogenesis, and live in stressful environments so exhibit cryptobiosis (cysts)

Question 16

class monogononta (rotifer)

Answer 16

most rotifers, free swimming (younger) and sessile (settle to plants when older), some produce a lorca, and some sessile have spines on corona to trap prey

Question 17

lorca (rotifer)

Answer 17

protective tube constructed of sand grains, mucus and fecal pellets

Question 18

parthenogenesis (rotifer)

Answer 18

2n female produces 2n eggs via mitosis. unfertilized eggs develop into more 2n females, cycle continues unless harsh conditions which cause 1n eggs via meiosis causing a resting egg which are resistant to harsh conditions and are in a dormant state (diapause) and only hatch after conditions get better even it is years later

Question 19

cyclomorphosis (rotifer)

Answer 19

induced phenotypic plasticity in response to chemical cues

Question 20

mantle (mollusk)

Answer 20

doors; epithelial (specialized tissue) that secretes shell or spicules

Question 21

periostracum (mullusk)

Answer 21

thin outer organic layer of shell

Question 22

nacreous layer (mollusk)

Answer 22

thin, innermost calcareous layer of shell

Question 23

prismatic layer (mollusk)

Answer 23

thick calcareous middle layer of shell

Question 24

radula (mollusk)

Answer 24

a rasping “tongue” with chitin teeth and sometimes also a chitinous jaw

Question 25

hemocoel (mollusk)

Answer 25

body cavity for the heart

Question 26

ctenidia (gills) (mollusk)

Answer 26

function for respiration and also may collect/sort food particles

Question 27

open circulatory system (mollusk)

Answer 27

no separation of blood and extracellular fluid and no separate lymphatic system

Question 28

hemolymph (mollusk)

Answer 28

mollusk blood which is blue when oxygenated

Question 29

periostracum (mollusk)

Answer 29

outermost layer of the shell

Question 30

trochophore (mollusk)

Answer 30

primitive larval state of molluscs

Question 31

operculum (mollusk)

Answer 31

how the gastropod can “close” the opening

Question 32

torsion (mollusk)

Answer 32

rotation of visceral hump, bringing mantle cavity to the anterior side

Question 32

osphradium (mollusk)

Answer 32

a chemical sensor used for hunting