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invert zoo > exam #3 > Flashcards

exam #3 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

septa

A

divides up the shell of cephalopods and the body segments of annelids

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2
Q

siphuncle

A

connects the chambers of a cephalopod shell; a vascularized strand of tissue contained within a tube of calcium carbonate. allows liquid and gas to be transported between chambers. helps with buoyancy

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3
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood flows through and remains in arteries, veins, and capillaries instead of entering the body cavity then going back into the heart

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4
Q

branchial hearts of squid

A

there is one associated with each gill
pumps blood to gills to get oxygen

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5
Q

photophores

A

light organs in cephalopods that are arranged in specific patterns on the body allowing them to perform bioluminescence

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6
Q

chromatophores

A

tiny colored cells that can expand and contract under control of the brain to alter the coloration of cephalopods

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7
Q

systemic heart of squid

A

pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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8
Q

tagmatization

A

fusion of body segments (tagma(ta)) of arthropods so some have 2 body segments while some have 3

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9
Q

epicuticle

A

the waxy, water-impermeable layer of arthropods so gas exchange can not occur across the surface yet prevents arthropods from being dehydrated

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10
Q

procuticle

A

the chitin and protein layer of arthropods to provide support for the animal and aid in movement

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11
Q

sclerotization

A

formation of cross-linkages between protein chains which “hardens” the cuticle and thus exoskeleton: tanning

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12
Q

ostia

A

phyla Mollusca and arthropoda
performations of the arthropod heart into which blood from the hemocoel flows through

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13
Q

ecdysis

A

the arthropod process of removing the existing exoskeleton as a new one is forming

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14
Q

pedipalps

A

the second pair of appendages on arachnids used for grabbing/killing/reproduction

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15
Q

chelicerae

A

the first appendages on the prosoma of chelicerates/arachnids that are adapted for feeding

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16
Q

tracheal system

A

the internalized gas exchange system of insects/arachnids

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17
Q

spiracles

A

the opening of the arachnid/insect tracheal system that can open and close to prevent water loss

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18
Q

malpighian tubules

A

some arthropods
an excretory organ present in some arthropods
allows for some water reabsorption

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19
Q

ocelli

A

simple light detecting organs, usually occurring alone or in small clusters (insects)

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20
Q

ommatidia

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A

the many individual units that make up the compound eyes of insects that are capable of forming images, and each has a narrow field of view

21
Q

metamerism

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A

arthropods and annelids
repeated segmentation and partitioning of coelomic compartments separated by septae

22
Q

nephridium

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A

the complex system of annelids that is closely related with blood vessels. it can draw out and filter coelomic fluid for waste

23
Q

annelid class polychaeta

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A

marine, complex head, repeated body segments, parapodia, gonochoristic, trochophore larvae

24
Q

parapodia

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A

outgrowths of the polychaete body wall that increase the animal’s exposed surface area and can function in both gas exchange and locomotion - can act like oars

25
errantia
actively moving predator polychaetes they have jaws and a protrusible pharynx
26
sedentaria
tubicolous or burrowing polychaetes ex. sabellids and serpulids
27
deposit feeder
polychaetes that use tentacles or mucus mechanisms to gather food particles
28
suspension feeders
polychaetes using ciliated tentacles or mucus nets in a burrow to filter food from the water
29
epitoky
in polychaetes, a form of differentiation for sexual reproduction where an epitoke breaks off to mate but the atoke remains in the burrow
30
annelid class clitellata
terrestrial/FW loss of parapodia hermaphroditic pronounced clitellum 2 subclasses
31
clitellata subclass oligochaeta
lacks parapodia reduced setae - used to anchor for movement gas exchange via diffusion movement by peristaltic waves
32
peristaltic wave
earthworms and sea cucumbers the alternation between contracting longitudinal muscles anchoring the body as it gets fatter, then contracting circular muscles to lengthen body making it skinnier and moving it whichever direction
33
chloragogue tissue
in oligochates surrounds the gut and major blood vessels is "liver-like" in synthesizing fat and glycogen
34
clitellata subclass hirundinea
more FW or terrestrial lack setae body not separated into compartments continuous coelomic space filled with mesenchyme ectoparasites/carnivorous oral/caudal suckers
35
annelid class pogonophora
gut tissue forms trophosome segmentation only in rear portion tube-dwelling near hydrothermal vents perviates and vestimentiferans trochophore larva
36
trophosome
an organ forms in pogonophores that fills with chemosynthetic bacteria that can synthesize chemicals into needed energy for growth as there is no digestive system
37
cephalic lobe
pogonophore a beard consisting of many ciliated tentacles, and an area that secretes a chitinous tube in which the worm lives
38
annelid class echiura
muscular organs from rectum to coelomic space to discharge waste sandy/muddy burrows in shallow marine water proboscis for gathering food no specialized respiratory organs
39
why is class echiura considered annelids
metanephridia trunk not segmented but embryos have segmented coelomic pouches setae posterior to proboscis trochophore larva
40
madreporite
the opening of the water vascular system in echinoderms
41
ampullae
bulb-like structures equipped with tube feet in echinoderms the terminal point of water flow into the arms
42
papulae
projections between the spines and plates of echinoderms that function in gas exchange and excretion
43
pedicellariae
movable jaws in echinoderms that function in the removal of unwanted organisms/debris from the surface and can capture prey
44
bursae grooves
unique to brittle stars and are on the oral surface function in gas exchange and waste elimination
45
test
the shell that an echinoids body is enclosed in may have spines on it has holes for tube feet to protrude from
46
aristotle's lantern
a complex chewing apparatus of sea urchins allowing them to scrape algae off of rocks
47
respiratory trees
the branching structures of sea cucumbers that function for gas exchange
48
crown
class Crinoidea portion of body attached to the stalk bears a number of arms

invert zoo (3 decks)

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