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invert zoo > exam #3 > Flashcards

exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

septa

A

divides up the shell of cephalopods and the body segments of annelids

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2
Q

siphuncle

A

connects the chambers of a cephalopod shell; a vascularized strand of tissue contained within a tube of calcium carbonate. allows liquid and gas to be transported between chambers. helps with buoyancy

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3
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood flows through and remains in arteries, veins, and capillaries instead of entering the body cavity then going back into the heart

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4
Q

branchial hearts of squid

A

there is one associated with each gill
pumps blood to gills to get oxygen

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5
Q

photophores

A

light organs in cephalopods that are arranged in specific patterns on the body allowing them to perform bioluminescence

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6
Q

chromatophores

A

tiny colored cells that can expand and contract under control of the brain to alter the coloration of cephalopods

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7
Q

systemic heart of squid

A

pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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8
Q

tagmatization

A

fusion of body segments (tagma(ta)) of arthropods so some have 2 body segments while some have 3

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9
Q

epicuticle

A

the waxy, water-impermeable layer of arthropods so gas exchange can not occur across the surface yet prevents arthropods from being dehydrated

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10
Q

procuticle

A

the chitin and protein layer of arthropods to provide support for the animal and aid in movement

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11
Q

sclerotization

A

formation of cross-linkages between protein chains which “hardens” the cuticle and thus exoskeleton: tanning

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12
Q

ostia

A

phyla Mollusca and arthropoda
performations of the arthropod heart into which blood from the hemocoel flows through

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13
Q

ecdysis

A

the arthropod process of removing the existing exoskeleton as a new one is forming

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14
Q

pedipalps

A

the second pair of appendages on arachnids used for grabbing/killing/reproduction

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15
Q

chelicerae

A

the first appendages on the prosoma of chelicerates/arachnids that are adapted for feeding

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16
Q

tracheal system

A

the internalized gas exchange system of insects/arachnids

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17
Q

spiracles

A

the opening of the arachnid/insect tracheal system that can open and close to prevent water loss

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18
Q

malpighian tubules

A

some arthropods
an excretory organ present in some arthropods
allows for some water reabsorption

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19
Q

ocelli

A

simple light detecting organs, usually occurring alone or in small clusters (insects)

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20
Q

ommatidia

A

the many individual units that make up the compound eyes of insects that are capable of forming images, and each has a narrow field of view

21
Q

metamerism

A

arthropods and annelids
repeated segmentation and partitioning of coelomic compartments separated by septae

22
Q

nephridium

A

the complex system of annelids that is closely related with blood vessels. it can draw out and filter coelomic fluid for waste

23
Q

annelid class polychaeta

A

marine, complex head, repeated body segments, parapodia, gonochoristic, trochophore larvae

24
Q

parapodia

A

outgrowths of the polychaete body wall that increase the animal’s exposed surface area and can function in both gas exchange and locomotion - can act like oars

25
Q

errantia

A

actively moving predator polychaetes
they have jaws and a protrusible pharynx

26
Q

sedentaria

A

tubicolous or burrowing polychaetes
ex. sabellids and serpulids

27
Q

deposit feeder

A

polychaetes that use tentacles or mucus mechanisms to gather food particles

28
Q

suspension feeders

A

polychaetes using ciliated tentacles or mucus nets in a burrow to filter food from the water

29
Q

epitoky

A

in polychaetes, a form of differentiation for sexual reproduction where an epitoke breaks off to mate but the atoke remains in the burrow

30
Q

annelid class clitellata

A

terrestrial/FW
loss of parapodia
hermaphroditic
pronounced clitellum
2 subclasses

31
Q

clitellata subclass oligochaeta

A

lacks parapodia
reduced setae - used to anchor for movement
gas exchange via diffusion
movement by peristaltic waves

32
Q

peristaltic wave

A

earthworms and sea cucumbers
the alternation between contracting longitudinal muscles anchoring the body as it gets fatter, then contracting circular muscles to lengthen body making it skinnier and moving it whichever direction

33
Q

chloragogue tissue

A

in oligochates
surrounds the gut and major blood vessels
is “liver-like” in synthesizing fat and glycogen

34
Q

clitellata subclass hirundinea

A

more FW or terrestrial
lack setae
body not separated into compartments
continuous coelomic space filled with mesenchyme
ectoparasites/carnivorous
oral/caudal suckers

35
Q

annelid class pogonophora

A

gut tissue forms trophosome
segmentation only in rear portion
tube-dwelling near hydrothermal vents
perviates and vestimentiferans
trochophore larva

36
Q

trophosome

A

an organ forms in pogonophores that fills with chemosynthetic bacteria that can synthesize chemicals into needed energy for growth as there is no digestive system

37
Q

cephalic lobe

A

pogonophore
a beard consisting of many ciliated tentacles, and an area that secretes a chitinous tube in which the worm lives

38
Q

annelid class echiura

A

muscular organs from rectum to coelomic space to discharge waste
sandy/muddy burrows in shallow marine water
proboscis for gathering food
no specialized respiratory organs

39
Q

why is class echiura considered annelids

A

metanephridia
trunk not segmented but embryos have segmented coelomic pouches
setae posterior to proboscis
trochophore larva

40
Q

madreporite

A

the opening of the water vascular system in echinoderms

41
Q

ampullae

A

bulb-like structures equipped with tube feet in echinoderms
the terminal point of water flow into the arms

42
Q

papulae

A

projections between the spines and plates of echinoderms that function in gas exchange and excretion

43
Q

pedicellariae

A

movable jaws in echinoderms that function in the removal of unwanted organisms/debris from the surface and can capture prey

44
Q

bursae grooves

A

unique to brittle stars and are on the oral surface
function in gas exchange and waste elimination

45
Q

test

A

the shell that an echinoids body is enclosed in
may have spines on it
has holes for tube feet to protrude from

46
Q

aristotle’s lantern

A

a complex chewing apparatus of sea urchins allowing them to scrape algae off of rocks

47
Q

respiratory trees

A

the branching structures of sea cucumbers that function for gas exchange

48
Q

crown

A

class Crinoidea
portion of body attached to the stalk
bears a number of arms

invert zoo (3 decks)

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