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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  1. Binds to ergosterol to disrupt membrane
  2. Drug of choice for most life-threatening fungal infections
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2
Q

Flucytosine

A
  1. Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
  2. Bone marrow toxicity
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3
Q

Ketoconazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Not used anymore due to adverse effects
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4
Q

Fluconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Lowest affinity for mammalian P450
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5
Q

Itraconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Broader than Fluconazole
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6
Q

Posaconazole

A
  1. Broader coverage than Fluconazole
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7
Q

Voriconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Better than Amphotericin for aspergillosis
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8
Q

Caspofungin

A
  1. Inhibition of cell wall
  2. Bound to albumin
  3. Teratogenicity
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9
Q

Griseofulvin

A
  1. Disrupts mitotic spindle
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10
Q

Terbinafine

A
  1. Specifically for mucocutaneous infections
  2. Inhibits squalene epoxidase blocking ergosterol synthesis -> impaired fungal membrane
  3. Extremely high affinity for fungal squalene epoxidase compared to mammalian
  4. Keratophilic
  5. Teratogenicity
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11
Q

Nystatin

A
  1. Topical antifungal, polyene
  2. Binds to ergosterol to disrupt membrane
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12
Q

Clotrimazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Topical antifungal, azole
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13
Q

Miconazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Topical antifungal, azole
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14
Q

Naftafine

A
  1. Topical antifungal, Allylamine
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15
Q

Acyclovir

A
  1. Thymidine kinase phosphorylates it
  2. Acts on DNA
  3. Treats Herpes and VZV
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16
Q

Ganciclovir

A
  1. Competitively inhibits DNA polymerase
  2. Treats CMV
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17
Q

Foscarnet

A
  1. Treats CMV/herpes (for acyclovir/ganciclovir resistant)
  2. Inhibits DNA/RNA polymerases
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18
Q

Trifluridine

A
  1. Inhibits DNA synthesis
  2. Treats keratoconjunctivitis from herpes
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19
Q

Idoxuridine

A
  1. Secondary drug for herpes
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20
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor 1. Decrease release of virus from from infected cells, increase viral aggregates, decrease spread 2. Treats the flu

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21
Q

Zanamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor 1. Decrease release of virus from from infected cells, decrease spread 2. Treats the flu

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22
Q

Interferon Alpha

A
  1. Activate JAK-STAT -> inhibit protein synthesis 2. Treats genital warts, Chronic Hep B/C, Kaposi’s sarcoma 3. Can cause flu-like symptoms
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23
Q

Ribavirin

A
  1. Inhibits viral mRNA synthesis 2. Treats RSV, Influenza A/B, HIV 3. Teratogenicity
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24
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, protects fetuses 3. Causes bone marrow problems, headaches
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25
Didanosine (ddl)
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats AZT-resistant HIV 3. Toxic with Stavudine
26
Stavudine (d4T)
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV 3. Causes peripheral neuropathy 4. Toxic with Didanosine
27
Lamivudine (3-TC)
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, Hep B 3. Given with AZT to slow resistance
28
Abacavir
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Lamivudine
29
Zalcitabine
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV (better tolerated than AZT)
30
Tenofovir
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, Hep B 3. Toxic with Didanosine, Lamivudine, Abacavir
31
Efavirenz
1. Alters conformation of reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Lamivudine 4. Reduced with Rifampin
32
Nevirapine
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with Didanosine and Stavudine
33
Delavirdine
1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Didanosine
34
Protease Inhibitors (-navir) -Atazanavir -Lopinavir -Ritonavir -Indianavir -Nelfinavir -Amprenavir -Saquinavir
1. Inhibit proteolysis of gag-pol -\> nonfunctional virions 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with reverse transcriptase inhibitors
35
Enfuvirtide
1. Fusion inhibitor 2. binds to glycoprotein -\> prevents HIV binding
36
Maraviroc
1. Fusion inhibitor 2. Chemokine receptor 5 inhibitor -\> blocks HIV binding
37
What drugs do you give for Herpes?
1. Acyclovir 2. Foscarnet (for resistance) 3. Trifluridine
38
What drugs do you give for CMV?
1. Ganciclovir 2. Foscarnet (for resistance)
39
Peg-interferon 2A with Ribavirin is the treatment of choice is for?
Chronic Hepatitis C
40
Side effects of HAART Therapy
1. Liver problems 2. Diabetes 3. Lipodystrophy syndrome 4. High cholesterol 5. Increased bleeding 6. Hemophiliacs 7. Decreased bone density 8. Skin rash
41
Trizivir
HIV drug that contains 1. Zidovudine 2. Lamivudine 3. Abacavir -easier to be compliant
42
Ointments
1. More occlusive = more potent 2. Used for dry, fissured, lichenified skin due to moisturizing effects 3. Palms and soles
43
Creams
1. Used for weepind lesions due to drying nature 2. Used where skin touches skin due to high moisture
44
Gels, Lotion, Foams
1. Used for regions with hair 2. Very little moisturizing benefit 3. Irritating when used with penetrating enhancers
45
Occlusive Dressings
1. Saran wrap, vinyl gloves, cottom gloves 2. Increases hydration of skin = enhanced drug penetration = increased risk of side effects (systemic circulation
46
Bacitracin
1. Topical antibiotic, for infection 2. Gram (+)
47
Mupirocin
1. Topical antibiotic, for infection 2. Gram (+) and some Gram (-) 3. Broad spectrum
48
Neomycin
1. Topical antibiotic, for infection 2. Gram (-) and some Gram (+)
49
Polymixin
1. Topical antibiotic, for infection 2. Gram (-)
50
Erythromycin
1. Topical antibiotic, for acne
51
Clindamycin
1. Topical antibiotic, for acne
52
Amcinonide
1. Glucocorticoid
53
Betamethasone
1. Glucocorticoid
54
Hydrocortisone
1. Glucocorticoid
55
Tacrolimus
1. Immunosuppressant 2. Therapy of eczema 3. Inhibition of interleukins, IF, antigen-stimulated products in T-cells 4. Inhibits release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells, basophils
56
Pimecrolimus
1. Immunosuppressant 2. Therapy of eczema 3. Inhibition of interleukins, IF, antigen-stimulated products in T-cells 4. Inhibits release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells, basophils
57
Benzoyl Peroxide
1. Keratolytic
58
Salicylic Acid
1. Keratolytic
59
Adapalene
1. Retinoid
60
Isotretinoin
1. Retinoid
61
Tazarotene
1. Retinoid
62
Tretinoin
1. Retinoid
63
Amoxicillin
1. Oral antibiotic, for acne
64
Tetracycline
1. Oral antibiotic, for acne
65
Acetylcholine
1. Neurotransmitter
66
Dopamine
1. Neurotransmitter
67
Epinephrine
Neurotransmitter a1 - Vasoconstriction, pupil dilation B1 - increase heart rate, force of contraction B2 - Skeletal vasodilation, Bronchiodilation, Gut relaxation
68
Norepinephrine
1. Neurotransmitter
69
Ephedrine
1. Sympathetic modulator
70
Reserpine
1. Sympathetic modulator
71
Guanethidine
1. Sympathetic modulator
72
Tyramine
1. Sympathetic modulator
73
Oxymetazoline
1. Nonselective alpha receptor agonist
74
Phenylephrine
1. Alpha 1 selective receptor agonist
75
Clonidine
1. Alpha 2 selective receptor agonist
76
Phenoxybenzamine
1. Nonselective alpha receptor antagonist
77
Phentolamine
1. Nonselective alpha receptor antagonist
78
Doxazosin
1. Alpha 1 selective receptor antagnoist
79
Prazosin
1. Alpha 1 selective receptor antagonist
80
Isoproterenol
1. Nonselective beta receptor agonist
81
Albuterol
1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
82
Metaproternol
1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
83
Salmeterol
1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
84
Terbutaline
1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
85
Propranolol
1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
86
Pindolol (ISA)
1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
87
Labetalol
1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
88
Acebutolol (ISA)
1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
89
Atenolol
1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
90
Metoprolol
1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
91
Bethanechol
1. Muscarinic agonist
92
Pilocarpine
1. Muscarinic agonist
93
Atropine
1. Muscarinic antagonist
94
Scopolamine
1. Muscarinic Agonist
95
Ipratropium
1. Muscarinic Agonist
96
Tiotropium
1. Muscarinic Agonist
97
Mecamylamine
1. Ganglionic blocker
98
Tubocurarine
1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
99
Atracurium
1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
100
Mivacurium
1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
101
Vecuronium
1. Steroid derived, competitive NMJ blocker
102
Succinylcholine
1. Depolarizing NMJ blocker
103
Botulinum Toxin
1. ACh release inhibitor, NMJ blocker

Pharm (9 decks)

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