Exam 2 Flashcards by Jeremy Birkmire

What is the smallest living unit of life?

A Cell

A7 2.2-1

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What are the building blocks of matter?

B2.2-3

Atoms

Fixed by Mr. B

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What is the function of DNA

F 2.3-3

**Stores **genetic information/instructions for protein synthesis.

(Fixed by Mr. B)

On the other hand, RNA transmits/is the actual blueprint for the ribosome to read from and create proteins

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what is another name for sugars?

d 2.2-5

carbohydrates

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True or False
Carbohydrates are not used for structural porposes in some organisms like plants

d 2.2-5

False

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Carbohydrates are used for structural porposes in some organisms like plants in the actual cell wall of their cells! (Cellulose, a polymer)

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What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer

(Fixed by Mr. B)

F 2.3-3

A polymer has many monomers within it

Polymer= Many, Mono=One

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what are the five main categories of biomolecules?

A2.2-1

Carbohydrates,Lipids,Proteins, Nucleic Acids,and Enzymes

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What is the main definition of matter?

b2.2-2

matter is anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass

(Fixed by Mr. B)

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what are the monomer building blocks for protein molecules (a polymer)?

b2.3-1

Amino Acids.

Fixed by Mr. B

There are 20 of them, their side chains affect how they behave and cause the protein to fold in a unique way

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What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?

2.2 B10

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Fixed by Mr. B

Protons/Neutrons in the middle, electrons orbiting on the outside

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What are some functions of proteins

B2.3-1

Make up enzymes, transport proteins, certain hormones, signaling molecules (insulin), immune system structures (antibodies)

(Fixed by Mr. B)

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What is Carbon?

What is it’s part in life?

C2.2-3

Carbon(C) is the backbone of biological molecules.

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What is HYDROGEN?

Where is found in?

Hydrogen(H) Is found in water(H2O), as well as in most organic molecules.

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What do proteins look like?

C2.3-B10

They look like ribbons

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What does the word “Catalyst” mean? Why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

Catalysts speed things up. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to begin it

(Fixed by Mr. B)

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Phospholipid tails love water T/F

(Fixed by Mr. B)

D2.3 5

False

Tails are hydrophobic (lipids), Head is hydrpiliic (Phosphate)

phosphate heads _____water

love water

hydrophillic

What are all cell membranes made of.

Phospholipid bilayer

A2.3-5

What is the water-hating part of a phospholipid?

A 2.3-5

Lipid Tails

A 2.3-5

What are one of the things embedded in a cell membrane?

E2.3-4

Transport Protien

allows movement of molecules across both sides

E2.3-4

What does Exocytosis do

expell subtances by Vesicel fusion

Is this an example of passive diffusion? Mr. Birkmire sprayed deoderant in the back of room then eventually reaches the front of the room.

F 2.3-7

Yes

What is an aquapoirn.

What is it’s function

F2.3-7

The aquapoirn is a type of transport protein that allows water to passively flow into/out of a cell

Through the process of osmosis. Reqquires no energy

(Fixed by Mr. B)

which of these needs a transport protein
potassium ion, glucose, oxygen

(Fixed by Mr. B)

b2.3-6

glucose, potassium

Glucose is big, potassium ions are charged

What is vesicular transport? ## Footnote D2.3-9

Vesicular transport is when moving substances go into, out of, or within a cell using membrane-bound vesicles. | Vesicles are made of phospholipids just like the cell's membrane

what is selective permability?

Selective permeability is when it only allows some some substances into the cell membrane and keeps others out. ## Footnote B2.3-6

Active transport goes with or against concentraction gradient? ## Footnote E2.3-8

against | requires energy therefore!! ## Footnote (Fixed by Mr. B)

Do Phosphate heads of a phospholipid face the water or the inside of the bilayer? ## Footnote A 2.3-5

They like Water (H2O) so they are oriented towards it | (Fixed by Mr. B)

What are transport proteins inbedded into?

The cell membrane ## Footnote A2.3-5

If I have 6 Ca2+ ions on one side of the cell and 2 on the other, which way will they passively diffuse through a transport protein in the cell membrane? How much is left on each side? | (Fixed by Mr. B) ## Footnote E2.3-8

4 left on each side... High --> low (6 --> 2) | 6-2=4, 2+2=4 ## Footnote This is called equillibrium

What is a Lipid Tail? ## Footnote E2.3-4

Water-hating, hydrophobic ## Footnote E2.3-4

T/F Active transport is the same as passive diffusion but faster ## Footnote F 2.3-7

False ## Footnote Active transport requires energy and moves AGAINST the concentration gradient, passive is the opposite.

Is the cell membrane fluid or rigid? ## Footnote A 2.3-5

Fluid | (Fixed by Mr. B) ## Footnote A 2.3-5

which of these does not need a a transport protein oxygen ,DNA, Gluecose | (Fixed by Mr. B) ## Footnote b2.3-6

oxygen ## Footnote It is a small, uncharged gas: goes straight through the phospholipid bilayer

Phagocytosis is _______ ## Footnote E2.3-9

cells eating cells; predatory, hunting ## Footnote White blood cell, amoebas, etc.

When Molecules are densely packed on one side of a semi-permeable membrane, what is formed? ## Footnote C 2.3-7

A Concentration Gradient Is Formed

Where do the Carbon dioxide molecules go in the mitochondria?

Calvin cycle E.3.1-6

What happens in alcoholic fermentation?

Do to the lack of oxygen, yeast and bacteria break down the glucose into 2 pyruvate and then turns into 2 ethanol which turns the NADH to make NAD+ to start over the process. This processes whole purpose is to make ATP without oxygen to do cell respiration.