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Nursing Fundamentals > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

How many people die due to medication errors each year?

A

7,000 - 9,000

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2
Q

How much time do Nurses spend administering meds?

A

40% of their time

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3
Q

Steps to take after a medication Error

A
  1. Assess
  2. Inform Dr.
  3. Incident Report
  4. Inform error to pt according to facility policy
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4
Q

Accuneb consists of

A

Sterile water and albuterol
(Bronchodilator)

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5
Q

Budesonide/pulmicort
(Corticosteroid).. what do you do different with this med?

A

Rinse after use for decay of teeth

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6
Q

Crackles and Rales

A

Moist or dry
On inspiration
Bubbly
Indicates pneumonia

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7
Q

Wheezing

A

-Expiration
-Whale sound
High pitch
-Indicates Asthma, Tumor, or obstruction

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8
Q

Ronchi

A

Inspiration & Expiration
Dinosaur
Can clear after cough

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9
Q

Strider

A

Pig sound
Inspiration & Expiration
Airway abstruction
Located in upper airway
Croup, medical emergency

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10
Q

How to Document breath sounds

A

Adventitious breath sounds auscultated on posterior RLL

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Painful breathing

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12
Q

Restlessness

A

Early signs of hypoxia

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13
Q

Tachycardia

A

High pulse

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Trying to get full breath

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15
Q

Oxygen saturation is emergent if

A

Emergent if 88% or lower

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16
Q

Use of accessory muscles means?

A

Harder moving air

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17
Q

Noisy breathing is an?

A

Obstruction of airway

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18
Q

Flaring of nostrils often happens in

A

Kids and with Asthma

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19
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin due to decreased air

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20
Q

Position of patient having trouble breathing

A

Tripod

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21
Q

What do you do with pts w/SOB & inability to speak full sentences

A

Count words in between breaths

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22
Q

Important things with Respirations to document

A

Signs of distress
Rate, Rhythm, Depth
Lung field
Posterior vs Anterior
Sound?
Inspiration/Expiration or both?

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23
Q

Specimen Collection

A

Order needed
Who?
What? Sputum/swab/tube
When? Time if day
Where? Location and how to collect

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24
Q

Ventilation

Study These Flashcards
A

Movement of air in and out of the lungs through the act of breathing

25
Respiration
Exchange of gases- oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
26
Inhalation
Expansion of the chest cavity. Lungs creates negative pressure, causing air to be drawn in the nose or mouth (part of ventilation)
27
Exhalation
When muscles relax. Chest & lungs return to normal size. (part of ventillation)
28
Factors that affect Ventilation
Respiratory rate and depth Airway resistance Lung compliance (ease) Lung elasticity (elastic recoil) Hyperventilation (Too much CO2 removal) Hypoventilation (CO2 isn't eliminated good)
29
Diffusion
Exchange of gases O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood at the alveolar cellular membrane level (part of Respiration) . (in lungs)
30
Perfusion
Exchange of the gases O2 and CO2 between the blood and the rest if the body. (part of respiration) . (in the body tissue)
31
Target pulse ox everywhere
94-98%
32
Pulse ox for Colorado
90-95%
33
Pulse ox for chronic oxygen conditions
88-92%
34
What external factors influence oxygen?
Age Environment Lifestyle Smoking Medictions Pain
35
Tachypnea
Fast breathing RR+ 20+
36
Bradypnea
Slow Breathing Less than 10 bpm
37
Apnea
Absence of breathing
38
Dyspnea
Trouble breathing, SOB
39
Orthopnea
Dyspnea that occurs when lying flat (they have to sleep proposed up in bed or chair)
40
Cheyne-Stokes
Gradual increase in-depth/rate of respirations…. Then Gradual decrease in-depth/rate… then a period of apnea
41
Agonal Breathing
Lack of oxygen leads to gasping. Usually due to cardiac arrest or stroke. Not true breathing. Reflex where your brain isn't getting oxygen and it needs it to survive. Sign person is near death.
42
Health History Assessment for Respiratory
-Environmental exposure -Previous respiratory disease, problems, or infections -Allergies -Medications -Family Hostory
43
Physical Exam Assessment for Respiration
-Inspect: clubbing, barrel chest, penetrating wounds -Ausculate -Breathing pattern/effort -Cough and sputum -Diagnostic studies
44
Vesicular breath sounds
Normal breath sounds
45
Adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal breath sounds on inspiration, expiration, or both
46
Crackles
Disruptive passing of air in small airways. Popping sound Sounds moist
47
Ronchi
Fluid/mucus in large airway Continuous rumbling Snoring/rattling Cleared with cough
48
Wheeze
Airflow through narrowed or obstructed airway Continuous high pitch whistling
49
Types of Adventitious breath sounds
Crackles, Rhonchi, wheeze, diminished, and absent
50
Ineffective airway clearance
Inability to maintain a clear airway
51
Ineffective breathing pattern
Inadequate ventilation
52
Gas exchange impairment
Diffusion if gasses across alveolar/capillary membrane impaired
53
Ineffective Spontaneous ventilation
Unable to maintain breathing adequate to support life
54
Atelectasis
Lung collapses, mucus accumulated, caused by anything that reduces ventilation
55
Hypoxia
Reduced level of tissue oxygenation- Due to: Poor diffusion Hypoventilation High altitude
56
Two signs of respiratory distress
Use of accessory muscle Tracheal Tugging
57
Diarrhea
3 or more unformed stools in 24 hours
58
Healthcare associated infection from antibiotic overuse
C Diff- healthy flora is destroyed

Nursing Fundamentals (4 decks)

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