Exam 2

Question 1

True or False: The thoracic duct drains from lower body and upper right side of body.

Answer 1

False. The thoracic duct drains from the lower body and upper left side of the body.

Question 2

The L lymphatic duct drains from the right side of the head, neck, and upper right limb and thorax.

Answer 2

False. The R lymphatic duct drains from the right side of the head, neck, and upper right limb and thorax.

Question 3

True or False: Both ducts empty into the subclavian vein.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

How does fluid leave the capillaries?

Answer 4

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

True or False: The excess fluid gets picked up by lymph nodes.

Answer 5

False: The excess fluid gets picked up my lymph capillaries.

Question 6

Once interstitial fluid enters the lymph capillaries it becomes what?

Answer 6

Lymph

Question 7

True or False: Contracting skeletal muscles in limbs, contractions of smooth muscle in the larger trunks, and pressure changes from action of skeletal muscles used in breathing help the lymph move.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

What prevent lymph backflow?

Answer 8

Semilunar Valves

Question 9

True or False: Vessel’s major role in absorption of dietary fats.

Answer 9

False. Capillaries

Question 10

True or False: Capillaries return the excess interstitial fluid and small proteins to bloodstream.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What transports foreign particles (bacteria and viruses) to lymph nodes?

Answer 11

Lymph

Question 12

What does MALT stand for?

Answer 12

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Question 13

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 13

Spleen

Question 14

What engulfs and destroys foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris?

Answer 14

Macrophages

Question 15

What two organs are made of lymphatic nodules?

Answer 15

Tonsils and Appendix

Question 16

What kind of tissue scattered throughout digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts?

Answer 16

Unencapsulated lymphatic tissue

Question 17

True or False: Proliferation of T lymphocytes which is stimulated by thymosin.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False: Lymphocytes attack viruses, bacteria, and parasitic cells?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What contain germinal centers where B lymphocytes proliferate?

Answer 19

Lymph nodes

Question 20

True or False: Thymus shrinks after puberty.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What replaces lymphatic tissue in the thymus as you get older?

Answer 21

Adipose and connective tissue

Question 22

What does white pulp consist of?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

What does red pulp consist of?

Answer 23

RBC, lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 24

Spleen filters blood. Houses macrophages that remove foreign particles, damaged RBC, and cellular debris from the blood; contains lymphocytes.

Question 25

Sinuses in the spleen contain what?

Answer 25

Blood

Question 26

True or False: Lymph nodes potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream and monitoring body fluids (immune surveillance) through the actions of lymphocytes and macrophages.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: The spleen houses macrophages that remove foreign particles, damaged RBC, and cellular debris from the blood; contains lymphocytes.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False: Chemical barriers are: Enzymes in body fluids. Gastric juice containing pepsin. Salt in perspiration, enzymes in tears. Interferons produced by lymphocytes in response to viruses or tumor cells. Stimulate them to synthesize proteins that block replication of variety of viruses and stimulate phagocytosis. Defensins damage bacterial cell walls and membranes. Collections bind to microbes. Complement stimulates inflammation, attacks phagocytes, and enhances phagocytosis.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False: Mechanical Barriers are skin, mucus membranes, death skin sloughs off, hair.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

These type of cells secrete perforins that lyse virus-infected cells and cancer cells. Causes WBC to accumulate. Neutrophils and monocytes phagocytize. Helps prevent the spread of infection agents to nearby tissues.

Answer 30

Natural Killer Cells

Question 31

What is the process that causes the body’s attack by T cells and their secreted products on non self-antigens.

Answer 31

Cellular

Question 32

What is the process that causes localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Causes edema.

Answer 32

Inflammation

Question 33

What is the process that causes neutrophils monocytes, macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles?

Answer 33

Phagocytosis

Question 34

True or False: Humoral are A cells.

Answer 34

False. B cells.

Question 35

This is the ability to distinguish molecules that are part of the body (self) and those that are not (nonself).

Answer 35

Adaptive Defenses

Question 36

This indirectly inhibits microbial growth and increases phagocytic activity.

Answer 36

Fever

Question 37

These type of cells provide for future immune protection.

Answer 37

Memory T cells

Question 38

These types of cells release chemicals to destroy infected cells and cancer cells. After binding to the surface of antigen-bearing cells they release perforin that cuts pore like openings destroying the cells.

Answer 38

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 39

This is known as a cluster of genes that code for cell surface proteins. Helper t cells recognize that a newly displayed antigen is nonself.

Answer 39

Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 40

This can't elicit immune response on its own. Until combining with larger molecule (animal dander & dust).

Answer 40

Haptens

Question 41

This is a non self molecule that can elicit an immune response.

Answer 41

Antigen

Question 42

This response is when B cells and T cells become activated after first encountering the antigens for which they are specialized to react.

Answer 42

Primary immune response

Question 42

These types of cells secrete cytokines.

Answer 42

B Cells

Question 43

This response is when immune systems respond to subsequent encounters with a nonself antigen. When memory T and B cells react to an antigen that was previously encountered.

Answer 43

Secondary immune response

Question 45

These types of cells are made in red bone marrow but they proliferate in the thymus. Provide cellular immune response in which T cells interact directly with the antigens or antigen-bearing agents, to destroy them.

Answer 45

T Cells

Question 46

These type of cells are made and proliferate in the red bone marrow. Provide humoral immune response in which B cells interact indirectly producing antibodies that destroy the antigens or antigen-bearing agents.

Answer 46

B Cells

Question 47

These are a chemical that triggers an allergic reaction.

Answer 47

Allergens

Question 47

True or False: ALL hypersensitivities the individual is pre-sensitized to a particular antigen.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What is an exaggerated immune response to a nonharmful antigen?

Answer 48

Hypersensitivity reactions

Question 49

True or False: Autoimmune disorders is an inability to distinguish self from nonself.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Isograft, autograft, allograft, and xenograft are all a type of what?

Answer 50

Organ transplantation

Question 51

This type of immunity is exposure to live pathogens.

Answer 51

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 52

This type of immunity is exposure to a vaccine containing weakened or dead pathogens or their components.

Answer 52

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 53

This type of immunity is an antibody passed to fetus from pregnant woman with active immunity or to newborn through colostrum or breast milk from a woman with active immunity.

Answer 53

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 54

This type of immunity is an injection of antiserum containing specific antibodies or antitoxins.

Answer 54

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 55

During this type, a person becomes sensitized by producing IgE antibodies in response to a certain allergen. Overproduction of IgE antibodies. (hay fever)

Answer 55

Type I (immediate-reaction)-

Question 56

During this type, phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis of antigen (mismatched blood transfusion).

Answer 56

Type II (antibody dependent)

Question 57

During this type, phagocytosis and lysis cannot clear antigen-antibody complexes (autoimmunity).

Answer 57

Type III (immune complex reaction)

Question 58

During this type, T cells and macrophages release chemical factors into the skin (dermatitis).

Answer 58

Type IV (delayed-reaction)

Question 59

This type of immunoglobin is located in plasma and tissue- Defends against bacteria and viruses. Can activate compliment. Can cross placenta and membrane.

Answer 59

IgG

Question 60

This type of immunoglobin is exocrine gland secretions- Defends against bacteria and viruses. Found in breast milk, tears, bile, urine, gastric juice.

Answer 60

IgA

Question 61

This type of immunoglobin is in plasma. Reacts with antigens on some RBC membranes following mismatched blood transfusions; activates complement.

Answer 61

IgM

Question 62

Activated when its antigen receptor combines with a displayed foreign antigen. Once activated the helper T cell proliferates and the resulting cells stimulate a type of B cell (plasma cell) to produce antibodies that are specific for the displayed antigen. Cytokines from helper T cells activate the cytotoxic T cell.

Answer 62

Helper T cell

Question 63

This type of immunoglobin is on surface of most B lymphocytes. Activates B cell. This type of immunoglobin is in exocrine gland secretions. Promotes inflammation and allergic responses.

Answer 63

IgD

Question 64

This type of cell displays an antigen to the cells of the immune system so they can defend the body against that antigen. T cell needs to encounter antigen presenting cell to become activated.

Answer 64

Antigen presenting cell

Question 65

Globular plasma protein that functions as an antibody.

Answer 65

Immunoglobulins

Question 66

These are globular plasma protein that functions as an antibody.

Answer 66

Immunoglobulins

Question 67

This is a producing cell that forms when activated B cells proliferate. Secrete globular proteins called antibodies. Can secrete 2000 antibodies/sec.

Answer 67

Plasma cells