Exam #2

Question 1

Mortality is…

Answer 1

rates of death

Question 2

Morbidity is…

Answer 2

Rates of disease

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

relative maintenance of a consistent system of the body

Question 4

What is the difference between acute and chronic?

Answer 4

acute is an immediate reaction; chronic is change over a long period of time

Question 5

Acute Response leads to…

Answer 5

chronic adaptation

Question 6

What is an acute response?

Answer 6

Response to a single bout of physical activity (raised heart rate)

Question 7

What is a chronic adaptation?

Answer 7

Response of repeated physical activity that improves functions of the body

Question 8

What energy system uses ATP and Creatine?

Answer 8

Immediate (10 seconds or less)

Question 9

What energy system is for 2 minutes or less?

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

Where does glycolysis get its energy from?

Answer 10

blood glucose

Question 11

What energy system is used for 2+ minutes?

Answer 11

Oxidative metabolism

Question 12

What does oxidative metabolism use?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates or fats. Fats for low intensity, carbs as it gets higher

Question 13

At low intensity what do you burn more of?

Answer 13

Fats

Question 14

At high intensity what do you burn more of?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

What is the glucose-fatty acid cycle?

Answer 15

When you feed carbs, body will use carbs, when you don’t feed carbs, body will find other sources

Question 16

What is gluc-4?

Answer 16

A glucose transporter. Takes glucose from blood into cells

Question 17

What triggers gluc-4?

Answer 17

when insulin travels around the body tries to reduce blood sugar

Question 18

Two muscle types?

Answer 18

Type I and Type II

Question 19

Characteristics of Type I muscle:

Answer 19

Slow twitch; not a lot of ATP; very fatigue resistant

Question 19

Characteristics of Type II muscle:

Answer 19

Fast twitch; Lots of ATP; fatigue very easily

Question 20

Catabolic versus anabolic

Answer 20

Catabolic breaks things down, anabolic builds things up

Question 21

Body composition make up:

Answer 21

Fat mass & lean body mass

Question 22

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 22

Clinical disease of brittle bone and decrease in bone density

Question 23

How to reduce osteoporosis?

Answer 23

Enough calcium; SAID principle: use it or lose it (Wolf’s law)

Question 24

Characteristics of the Female Athlete Triad

Answer 24

Amenorrhea, Decreased bone density, Reduced energy availability

Question 25

RED-S stands for...

Answer 25

Relative Energy Deficit Syndrome

Question 26

Hyper =

Answer 26

Higher

Question 27

Hypo =

Answer 27

less

Question 28

Hyperglycemia

Answer 28

High blood sugar

Question 29

Hypoglycemia

Answer 29

Low blood sugar

Question 30

Hypertension

Answer 30

High Blood Pressure

Question 31

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 31

High lipids in blood

Question 32

Hyperinsulinemia

Answer 32

High insulin in the blood

Question 33

How to measure energy expenditure?

Answer 33

expensive water with urine analysis/breath samples (accurate/expensive), indirect caliemetry look at oxygen consumption, questionnaires( not accurate), accelerometer (most common)

Question 34

Why do you choose a certain testing system for energy expenditure?

Answer 34

Cost, invasiveness, practicality

Question 35

What are the environmental conditions that affect exercise?

Answer 35

Cold, Heat, Altitude

Question 36

Main things to pay attention when exercising in heat?

Answer 36

Humidity, temperature, timing, drink fluids, proper clothing

Question 37

Evaporation:

Answer 37

Loss of heat via sweat --> water vapor

Question 38

Convection:

Answer 38

exchange of heat based on passing air

Question 39

Conduction:

Answer 39

Heat transfer solely based on touching something

Question 40

Radiation:

Answer 40

Heat propelling off of surface

Question 41

Sweat is the _____ form of heat loss

Answer 41

major

Question 42

Leading cause of death in US

Answer 42

Cardiovascular disease

Question 43

Therapeutic versus Rehabilitation

Answer 43

Therapeutic: Trying to improve with remedial agents, Rehabilitation: Action of restoring back to normal

Question 44

What is a Myocardial infarction?

Answer 44

Heart attack; Complete blockage of blood vessels/arteries leading to heart. Part of heart dies

Question 45

What is ischemia?

Answer 45

Cut-off/lack of blood flow to body

Question 46

What is Angina Pectoris?

Answer 46

Chest pain

Question 47

Obstructive versus Restrictive PD

Answer 47

Obstructive: blockage that affects the flow of air in lungs; Restrictive: decrease in capacity of lungs

Question 48

Role of clinical ex physiologist

Answer 48

pre health screening, medical history, stress test, evaluation, exercise prescription

Question 49

What is VO2 Max?

Answer 49

Maximum amount of oxygen the body can process and use (Liters/min)

Question 50

VO2 Max Test

Answer 50

Test that puts one through different intensities to see where one maxes out on oxygen

Question 51

What is an incremental graded exercise test?

Answer 51

Done in stages, increasing in intensity

Question 52

Maximal versus submaximal test

Answer 52

Maximal: till failure, sub maximal: picking a % and stopping there

Question 53

How does exercise improve health concerning cv disease?

Answer 53

Just improves health

Question 54

What is informed consent?

Answer 54

People fully understand what is going to happen

Question 55

RPE

Answer 55

ratings of perceived exertion (6-20)

Question 56

How do we measure function of CV system?

Answer 56

Heart rate, Blood pressure, ECG, Echo

Question 57

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 57

Narrowing of the arteries due to plaque development

Question 58

What is Type II diabetes mellitus?

Answer 58

Insulin resistance --> hyperglycemia

Question 59

What is cardiac output?

Answer 59

Total amount of blood pumped out of heart/min

Question 60

What is heart rate?

Answer 60

Heart Beats per min

Question 61

What is Stroke volume?

Answer 61

How much blood/beat?

Question 62

What is a single cardiac cycle?

Answer 62

Pumping of heart, systole, diastole, new beat

Question 63

Benefit of Bergstrom muscle biopsy method?

Answer 63

Very easy to analyze muscle glycogen

Question 64

Two factors that determine what we burn for fuel when exercising?

Answer 64

Intensity & Duration

Question 65

Difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?

Answer 65

I: body works fine, but pancreas cannot produce insulin II: lifestyle; pancreas makes insulin, but cells are resistant

Question 66

What are the carbohydrate intake rates during exercise?

Answer 66

0-45 mins = no need, 60+ = 30-60g/hour

Question 67

Why should glucose be consumed during long exercise?

Answer 67

Supply glucose to working muscle and maintain blood glucose (makes brain happy!)

Question 68

General protein intake requirement?

Answer 68

0.8 grams but more recommended 1.2-1.4 in endurance athletes, 1.4-1.7 in strength athletes

Question 69

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Answer 69

Improve health of Americans via nutrition; provide guidelines to healthy lifestyle

Question 70

What athletic group benefits from high fat, low carb?

Answer 70

Lower intensity, longer duration

Question 71

What level of hydration sees performance decrease?

Answer 71

2% of Body weight loss

Question 72

Why do we need electrolytes during exercise?

Answer 72

To replenish what we lose through sweat

Question 73

3 most common signs that indicate dehydration?

Answer 73

urine color, thirst, weight

Question 74

What are Ergogenic aids?

Answer 74

Supplements that are meant to improve performance