exam 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
asymmetric carbons
carbon atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms
isomers
each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties
constitutional isomers
have the same molecular formulas, but they have different connectivity’s
- super impossible
- mirror image
enantiomers
compounds that are non superimposable mirror images
- Any molecule that is chiral must have an enantiomer.
- one S, one R
- SS/RR
most neutrophilic
sn2
SN1
protic solvent
a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen a nitrogen or fluoride
aprotic solvent
solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups
configurational isomers
they have the same
bonding sequence; but they differ in the orientation of their atoms in
space
achiral
- When the images can be superposed
- have plane of symmetry
plane of symmetry
can be cut vertically and same of each side
gauche
methyl groups at 60 degrees
eclipsed
everything in front is in front of everything in the back
anti newman projection
diastereomers
same connectivity
- different orientation in space
- not mirror images
- E/Z
alkyl halide
compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine)
primary
n alkyl halide (haloalkane) in which the halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) is bonded to a primary carbon
- attached via 1 single bond only
secondary
halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) is bonded to a secondary carbon
- bonded on two sides
tertiary
halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) is bonded to a tertiary carbon
- bonded on three sides
solvolysis
sn1
- least efficient
Oh replaced with
BR
I replaced with
N
