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Histology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

The epidermis of skin consists of what type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous keratinized

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2
Q

Melanocyte cells of the epidermis serve what function

A

secretes a pigment that protects UV irradiation

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3
Q

Langerhans cells function as

A

antigen presenting cells (immune function)

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4
Q

macrophages are also known as

A

phagocytes, only presenting if epidermis is broken (healing)

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5
Q

Merkel cells function as

A

tactile (touch) receptors

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6
Q

keratinocyte cells function to

A

make keratin

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7
Q

chondrocytes are found in

A

every type of cartilage

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8
Q

chondrocytes function to

A

maintain the ECM of cartilage

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9
Q

fibrous perichondrium is found

A

outside of respiratory tract cartilage

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10
Q

fibrous perichondrium functions in

A

regeneration

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11
Q

compact bone in long bones in

A

layers called lamellae

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12
Q

pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles are found in

A

the deep dermis of the skin

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13
Q

pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles function to

A

detect high frequency vibrations

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14
Q

osteocytes function in

A

bone remodeling

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15
Q

osteocytes secrete

A

acids that resorp bone matrix and give calcium to the blood

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16
Q

sebaceous glands are also known as

A

holocrine glands

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17
Q

sebaceous glands function to

A

disintegrate to secrete oil, keeping our skin moisturized and waterproof

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18
Q

stratum corneum layer of skin is made of layers of

A

keratinized squamous cells

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19
Q

stratum corneum functions to

A

protect us from friction, water loss, and bacterial infections

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20
Q

apocrine sweat glands are found in

A

axillae and perineal areas

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21
Q

which cells are most abundant in bone

A

osteocytes

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22
Q

osteocytes function as

A

mechanosensors

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23
Q

the most common type of cartilage is

A

hyaline

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24
Q

most calcium in the body is stored as

A

hyroxyapatite

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25
cartilage is hard to repair in adults
true
26
cartilage is connective tissue and avascular
true
27
the inner connective tissue lining of trabeculae/spongy bone is
endosteum
28
diaphysis
shaft of long bones
29
epiphyses
ends of long bones
30
periosteum
outside connective tissue of spongy bone
31
perichondrium
outside of cartilage
32
blood vessels enter bone through
perforating canals
33
osteoclasts are mostly found in the bone matrix
false
34
the epidermis has no microvasculature so it uses
diffusion
35
the dermis contains what type of connective tissue
mesodermal
36
subcutaneous skin has what type of connective tissue
fat and loose
37
epidermal ridges are interdigitate with
dermal papillae
38
what layer is located beneath the epidermis
papillary layer
39
what layer is found beneath the papillary layer
reticular layer
40
what two layers make up the dermis
papillary and reticular
41
what cells are located beneath the blood vessels
adipocytes
42
sensory receptors are found in which layer of skin
reticular (dermis)
43
the epidermis metabolic functions serve to
synthesize vitamin D3, electrolyte removal, and fat energy storage
44
the epidermis sexual signaling functions to
make up features, indicate health visually, and release sex phormones
45
the most superficial layer of epidermis is the
stratum corneum
46
stratum corneum contain
dead anucleate and keritanocytes
47
stratum corneum function to prevent
friction and water loss
48
stratum lucidum is located
only in thick skin, below corneum
49
stratum lucidum contain
only dead anucleate
50
the middle layer is
stratum granulosum
51
stratum granulosum contain
keratinocytes with hyaline granules
52
beneath the granulosum is the
stratum spinosum
53
stratum spinosum contain
karatinocytes joined by desomosomes
54
what type of cells are found in stratum spinosum
langerhans
55
which layer of epidermis is the thickest
stratum spinosum
56
the deepest layer of epidermis is
stratum basale
57
stratum basale are a single layer of
columnar cells on the basement membrane
58
stratum basale contain filaments of
keratin, creates new skin
59
stratum basale is the site for
mitosis
60
which cells are found in stratum basale layer that function in mitosis
merkel cells and melanocytes
61
melanocytes function to
synthesize melanin and transfer to keratinocytes
62
Langerhan's cells are what type of cells
antigen presenting, for skins immunity
63
the dermis contains rich vasculature for nutrition and thermoregulation
true
64
reticular layers provide the skin with
elasticity
65
the anchoring fibrils of collagen insert into which layer
basal lamina
66
free nerve endings function to
detect hair movement, pain, temp, and mechanical movements
67
meissner corpuscles are located in the
dermal papillae
68
lamellated corpuscles are located
deep, among adipose
69
ruffini corpuscles function in
tissue distortion and stretch/twist of skin
70
hair is also known as
elongated keratinized structures
71
hair is found in
epidermal invaginations
72
dermal papilla and arrector pili muscles work to
pull the hair follicles erect which traps air and keeps us warm
73
the hair bulb matrix functions to
proliferate to differentiate the 3 layers
74
nails are hard, keratinized structures
true
75
nails can be used to
gauge oxygen in blood
76
what are the three types of exocrine glands
sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine
77
sebaceous glands function in
holicrine and oily sebum excretion
78
sebaceous glands contain
lipid producing sebocytes that contain small fat droplets
79
apocrine glands release
protein rich sweat
80
eccrine glands function to
empty secretion onto surface via pores for thermoregulation
81
clear cells are found on
basal lamina
82
clear cells function to produce
sweat
83
dark cells produce
bacterial peptides
84
dark cells are found
bordering lumen
85
myoepithelial cells function to
contract to move watery secretion into the ducts
86
during repair macrophages and neutrophils function to
enter wound as inflammation begins to remove debris and bacteria
87
during repair epithelial cells function to
move beneath/through blood clots (forms scab)
88
during repair fibroblasts function to
proliferate and produce new collagen to form granulation tissue
89
cartilage is tough connective tissue full of chondrocytes in ECM lacunae
true
90
cartilage has both mechanical and protective roles
true
91
the three types of cartilage are
elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage
92
elastic cartilage can be found in the
ears
93
elastic cartilage allows for
flexibilty
94
elastic cartilage contains
dark bundles
95
hyaline cartilage is the most common
true
96
hyaline cartilage can be found to be
articular and costal
97
fibrocartilage can be found in
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
98
hyaline is 75% water
true
99
the high water content pf cartilage allows it to work as a
shock absorber
100
cartilage contains vascular and nerve supply
false
101
perichondrium is essential for
growth and maintenance
102
perichondrium is dense connective tissue that harbors blood supply
true
103
perichondrium is found in fibrocartilage and articular cartilage
false
104
perichondrium gets oxygen and blood supply from
diffusion in synovial fluid
105
perichondrium forms through
chondrogenisis (embryonic mesenchyme)
106
interstitial growth is the process of
mitotic division on preexisting chrondrocytes
107
interstitial growth happens
mostly in fetus, helps to extend long bones
108
appositional growth is the process of
chondroblast differentiation from progenitor cells in the perichondrium
109
except in kids, cartilage damage is repaired slowly and often incomplete
true
110
perichondrium creates
a scar of dense connective tissue instead of forming new collagen

Histology (2 decks)

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