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Histology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The epidermis of skin consists of what type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous keratinized

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2
Q

Melanocyte cells of the epidermis serve what function

A

secretes a pigment that protects UV irradiation

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3
Q

Langerhans cells function as

A

antigen presenting cells (immune function)

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4
Q

macrophages are also known as

A

phagocytes, only presenting if epidermis is broken (healing)

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5
Q

Merkel cells function as

A

tactile (touch) receptors

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6
Q

keratinocyte cells function to

A

make keratin

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7
Q

chondrocytes are found in

A

every type of cartilage

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8
Q

chondrocytes function to

A

maintain the ECM of cartilage

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9
Q

fibrous perichondrium is found

A

outside of respiratory tract cartilage

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10
Q

fibrous perichondrium functions in

A

regeneration

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11
Q

compact bone in long bones in

A

layers called lamellae

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12
Q

pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles are found in

A

the deep dermis of the skin

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13
Q

pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles function to

A

detect high frequency vibrations

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14
Q

osteocytes function in

A

bone remodeling

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15
Q

osteocytes secrete

A

acids that resorp bone matrix and give calcium to the blood

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16
Q

sebaceous glands are also known as

A

holocrine glands

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17
Q

sebaceous glands function to

A

disintegrate to secrete oil, keeping our skin moisturized and waterproof

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18
Q

stratum corneum layer of skin is made of layers of

A

keratinized squamous cells

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19
Q

stratum corneum functions to

A

protect us from friction, water loss, and bacterial infections

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20
Q

apocrine sweat glands are found in

A

axillae and perineal areas

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21
Q

which cells are most abundant in bone

A

osteocytes

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22
Q

osteocytes function as

A

mechanosensors

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23
Q

the most common type of cartilage is

A

hyaline

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24
Q

most calcium in the body is stored as

A

hyroxyapatite

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25
Q

cartilage is hard to repair in adults

A

true

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26
Q

cartilage is connective tissue and avascular

A

true

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27
Q

the inner connective tissue lining of trabeculae/spongy bone is

A

endosteum

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28
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bones

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29
Q

epiphyses

A

ends of long bones

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30
Q

periosteum

A

outside connective tissue of spongy bone

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31
Q

perichondrium

A

outside of cartilage

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32
Q

blood vessels enter bone through

A

perforating canals

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33
Q

osteoclasts are mostly found in the bone matrix

A

false

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34
Q

the epidermis has no microvasculature so it uses

A

diffusion

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35
Q

the dermis contains what type of connective tissue

A

mesodermal

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36
Q

subcutaneous skin has what type of connective tissue

A

fat and loose

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37
Q

epidermal ridges are interdigitate with

A

dermal papillae

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38
Q

what layer is located beneath the epidermis

A

papillary layer

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39
Q

what layer is found beneath the papillary layer

A

reticular layer

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40
Q

what two layers make up the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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41
Q

what cells are located beneath the blood vessels

A

adipocytes

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42
Q

sensory receptors are found in which layer of skin

A

reticular (dermis)

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43
Q

the epidermis metabolic functions serve to

A

synthesize vitamin D3, electrolyte removal, and fat energy storage

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44
Q

the epidermis sexual signaling functions to

A

make up features, indicate health visually, and release sex phormones

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45
Q

the most superficial layer of epidermis is the

A

stratum corneum

46
Q

stratum corneum contain

A

dead anucleate and keritanocytes

47
Q

stratum corneum function to prevent

A

friction and water loss

48
Q

stratum lucidum is located

A

only in thick skin, below corneum

49
Q

stratum lucidum contain

A

only dead anucleate

50
Q

the middle layer is

A

stratum granulosum

51
Q

stratum granulosum contain

A

keratinocytes with hyaline granules

52
Q

beneath the granulosum is the

A

stratum spinosum

53
Q

stratum spinosum contain

A

karatinocytes joined by desomosomes

54
Q

what type of cells are found in stratum spinosum

A

langerhans

55
Q

which layer of epidermis is the thickest

A

stratum spinosum

56
Q

the deepest layer of epidermis is

A

stratum basale

57
Q

stratum basale are a single layer of

A

columnar cells on the basement membrane

58
Q

stratum basale contain filaments of

A

keratin, creates new skin

59
Q

stratum basale is the site for

A

mitosis

60
Q

which cells are found in stratum basale layer that function in mitosis

A

merkel cells and melanocytes

61
Q

melanocytes function to

A

synthesize melanin and transfer to keratinocytes

62
Q

Langerhan’s cells are what type of cells

A

antigen presenting, for skins immunity

63
Q

the dermis contains rich vasculature for nutrition and thermoregulation

A

true

64
Q

reticular layers provide the skin with

A

elasticity

65
Q

the anchoring fibrils of collagen insert into which layer

A

basal lamina

66
Q

free nerve endings function to

A

detect hair movement, pain, temp, and mechanical movements

67
Q

meissner corpuscles are located in the

A

dermal papillae

68
Q

lamellated corpuscles are located

A

deep, among adipose

69
Q

ruffini corpuscles function in

A

tissue distortion and stretch/twist of skin

70
Q

hair is also known as

A

elongated keratinized structures

71
Q

hair is found in

A

epidermal invaginations

72
Q

dermal papilla and arrector pili muscles work to

A

pull the hair follicles erect which traps air and keeps us warm

73
Q

the hair bulb matrix functions to

A

proliferate to differentiate the 3 layers

74
Q

nails are hard, keratinized structures

A

true

75
Q

nails can be used to

A

gauge oxygen in blood

76
Q

what are the three types of exocrine glands

A

sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine

77
Q

sebaceous glands function in

A

holicrine and oily sebum excretion

78
Q

sebaceous glands contain

A

lipid producing sebocytes that contain small fat droplets

79
Q

apocrine glands release

A

protein rich sweat

80
Q

eccrine glands function to

A

empty secretion onto surface via pores for thermoregulation

81
Q

clear cells are found on

A

basal lamina

82
Q

clear cells function to produce

A

sweat

83
Q

dark cells produce

A

bacterial peptides

84
Q

dark cells are found

A

bordering lumen

85
Q

myoepithelial cells function to

A

contract to move watery secretion into the ducts

86
Q

during repair macrophages and neutrophils function to

A

enter wound as inflammation begins to remove debris and bacteria

87
Q

during repair epithelial cells function to

A

move beneath/through blood clots (forms scab)

88
Q

during repair fibroblasts function to

A

proliferate and produce new collagen to form granulation tissue

89
Q

cartilage is tough connective tissue full of chondrocytes in ECM lacunae

A

true

90
Q

cartilage has both mechanical and protective roles

A

true

91
Q

the three types of cartilage are

A

elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage

92
Q

elastic cartilage can be found in the

A

ears

93
Q

elastic cartilage allows for

A

flexibilty

94
Q

elastic cartilage contains

A

dark bundles

95
Q

hyaline cartilage is the most common

A

true

96
Q

hyaline cartilage can be found to be

A

articular and costal

97
Q

fibrocartilage can be found in

A

intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

98
Q

hyaline is 75% water

A

true

99
Q

the high water content pf cartilage allows it to work as a

A

shock absorber

100
Q

cartilage contains vascular and nerve supply

A

false

101
Q

perichondrium is essential for

A

growth and maintenance

102
Q

perichondrium is dense connective tissue that harbors blood supply

A

true

103
Q

perichondrium is found in fibrocartilage and articular cartilage

A

false

104
Q

perichondrium gets oxygen and blood supply from

A

diffusion in synovial fluid

105
Q

perichondrium forms through

A

chondrogenisis (embryonic mesenchyme)

106
Q

interstitial growth is the process of

A

mitotic division on preexisting chrondrocytes

107
Q

interstitial growth happens

A

mostly in fetus, helps to extend long bones

108
Q

appositional growth is the process of

A

chondroblast differentiation from progenitor cells in the perichondrium

109
Q

except in kids, cartilage damage is repaired slowly and often incomplete

A

true

110
Q

perichondrium creates

A

a scar of dense connective tissue instead of forming new collagen

Histology (2 decks)

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