Exam 3

Question 1

The smallest vessels that are sites of O2, CO2, nutrient, and waste product exchange

Answer 1

Capillaries

Question 2

Process of blood bringing nutrients and oxygen to and removing wastes from tissues

Answer 2

Systematic circulation

Question 3

These return proteins and fluids from tissue spaces all over body to the blood

Answer 3

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 4

Atrioventricular valves are anchored in the hearts

Answer 4

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 5

Ventricular papillary muscles are attached to the atrioventricular valves by

Answer 5

Chords tendinae

Question 6

Myocardium is thicker in the

Answer 6

Ventricles

Question 7

This structure holds AV valves shut during contractions of ventricles and prevent evertion

Answer 7

Chords tendinae

Question 8

These structures do not have chorda tendinae and prevent back flow from arteries into ventricles

Answer 8

Semilunar valves

Question 9

Which node is the pacemaker of the heart and initiates conduction

Answer 9

Sinoatrial node

Question 10

After impulses travel to the AV node they continue to

Answer 10

Bundle of His (AV bundle)

Question 11

The bundle of his branches into

Answer 11

Left and right branches along intraventricular septum, towards apex

Question 12

Bundle branches subdivide into

Answer 12

Purkinje fibers

Question 13

Purkinje fibers extend into

Answer 13

Myocardium of ventricles

Question 14

This structure rapidly spreads impulses to ventricular muscles

Answer 14

Purkinje fibers

Question 15

What type of tissue surrounds large Purkinje fibers

Answer 15

Subendocardial layer of connective

Question 16

Modified cardiac muscle fibers specialized for impulse conduction rather than contraction

Answer 16

Large Purkinje fibers

Question 17

Which ventricle is three times thicker, producing sufficient force to propel blood through the larger systemic circulation

Answer 17

Left ventricle

Question 18

Visceral layer of pericardium, covered by simple mesothelium

Answer 18

Epicardium

Question 19

Site of coronary vessels and adipose tissue

Answer 19

Epicardium

Question 20

coronary vessels supply myocardium with

Answer 20

Oxygen and nutrients

Question 21

Semipermeable barrier between blood and the interstitial fluid

Answer 21

Endothelial cells

Question 22

Site where blood will not clot and secretes agents that control clot formation and smooth muscle contraction/relaxation

Answer 22

Nonthrombogenic surface

Question 23

Smooth muscle cells are connected with gap junctions and permit vasoconstriction/vasodilation that is key for

Answer 23

Regulating overall blood pressure

Question 24

Collagen fibers are found in

Answer 24

The subendothelial layer

Question 25

Provide resiliency required for vascular wall to expand under pressure, forming parallel lamellae

Answer 25

Elastic fibers

Question 26

3 concentric layers

Answer 26

Intima, media, and adventitia (externa)

Question 27

Has a thicker media and narrow lumen

Answer 27

Artery

Question 28

Has a large lumen and thickest layer is the adventitia

Answer 28

Vein

Question 29

Intima of veins is folded to form

Answer 29

Valves

Question 30

Only has an endothelium and no other tunics

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

Bring oxygen and nutrients to local cells in adventitia that are too far away from lumen

Answer 31

Vasa vasorum (vessels that supply vessels)

Question 32

The aorta, pulmonary artery, and their largest branches are examples of

Answer 32

Elastic arteries

Question 33

The major role of elastic arteries is to

Answer 33

Carry blood to smaller arteries

Question 34

Have a thick tunica media, elastic lamellae alternate with layers of smooth muscle fibers

Answer 34

Elastic arteries

Question 35

Two types of sensory receptors in walls of arteries

Answer 35

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

Question 36

Monitor blood pressure changes, found in carotid sinuses and aortic arch

Answer 36

Baroreceptors

Question 37

Carotid sinuses and aortic arches send information to the brain through

Answer 37

The vagus nerve

Question 38

Monitor blood CO2 and O2 levels, as well as pH

Answer 38

Chemoreceptors

Question 39

Chemoreceptors contain what type of cells

Answer 39

Glomus

Question 40

As arteries get more distant from heart they contain less

Answer 40

Elastin, more smooth muscles

Question 41

Distribute blood to organs and help regulate blood pressure by stimulating smooth muscle

Answer 41

Muscular arteries

Question 42

Smallest artery branches that have 1 or 3 smooth muscle layers with no elastic laminate

Answer 42

Arterioles

Question 43

Where the exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occur

Answer 43

Arterioles

Question 44

Capillaries lack

Answer 44

Media and adventitia tunics

Question 45

Capillaries have the smallest/slowest

Answer 45

Diameters, blood flow

Question 46

Capillaries are made of a simple layer of

Answer 46

Endothelial cells, surrounded by basement membrane

Question 47

Tissues with high metabolic rates like the kidneys and liver are abundant in

Answer 47

Capillaries

Question 48

Have tight junctions sealing clefts and requiring diffusion, found in muscle, connective tissue, and nervous tissue

Answer 48

Continuous capillaries (most common)

Question 49

Have perforations and allow for greater exchange, found in kidneys, endocrine organs, and intestinal walls

Answer 49

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 50

Have a wider diameters and discontinuities in endothelial cells/basement membrane, found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen

Answer 50

Sinusoid (discontinuous) capillaries

Question 51

Primary site for white blood cells to adhere to epithelium and leave the circulation at sites of infection/tissue damage

Question 52

Endothelial cells form valves from folds in the intima to prevent

Answer 52

Backflow of lymph

Question 53

Lymphatic vessels converge as two large trunks:

Answer 53

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Question 54

Lymph is rich in and usually does not contain

Answer 54

Proteins, red blood cells

Question 55

Has lower mineral content and higher proportion of osteocytes

Answer 55

Woven bone

Question 56

Complex of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal that contains small blood vessels, nerves, and endosteum

Answer 56

Osteons

Question 57

Osteons make up most of the

Answer 57

Compact bone

Question 58

Osteocytes get nutrients and oxygen from

Answer 58

Blood vessels in the central canal though canaliculi

Question 59

Old bone is removed by

Answer 59

Osteoclasts

Question 60

new bone is formed by

Answer 60

Osteoblasts (in periosteum/endosteum)

Question 61

Forms fluorescent complexes with calcium at ossification sites

Answer 61

Tetracycline

Question 62

Ossification where osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchyme and secrete osteoid, most flat bones

Answer 62

Intramembraneous

Question 63

Ossification where pre-existing matrix of hyaline cartilage is eroded and invaded by osteoblasts, most bones especially long bones

Answer 63

Endochondral

Question 64

Longitudinal growth of a bone occurs by cell proliferation in the

Answer 64

Epiphyseal plate cartilage

Question 65

Joint with dense connective tissue and osteogenic cells

Answer 65

Synostoses

Question 66

Joint with only dense connective tissue (posterior region of SI/inferior tibiofibular)

Answer 66

Syndesmoses

Question 67

Joint with thick pad of fibrocartilage between thin articular cartilage

Answer 67

Symphyses