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NRS 155 Pharmacology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Histamine-2 Antagonist MOA

A

GI Secretions
Selectively block H2 receptor sites to reduce gastric acid secretion and pepsin production and block the release of HCl

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2
Q

Histamine-2 Antagonist Indications

A

GI Secretions
Rx ulcers
Prevent ulcers related to stress or long-term NSAID use
Rx GERD
Rx pathological hypersecretory conditions
Relief sx of heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

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3
Q

Histamine-2 Antagonist Drugs

A

GI Secretions
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

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4
Q

Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

A

GI Secretions Histamine-2 Antagonist

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5
Q

Antiacid Drugs Name

A

GI Secretions
Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium salts, Aluminum salts

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6
Q

Antiacid MOA

A

GI Secretions
Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction

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7
Q

Histamine-2 Antagonist

A

GI Secretions
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

Selectively block H2 receptor sites to reduce gastric acid secretion and pepsin production and block the release of HCl

Rx ulcers
Prevent ulcers related to stress or long-term NSAID use
Rx GERD
Rx pathological hypersecretory conditions
Relief sx of heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

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8
Q

Antiacid Indications

A

GI Secretions
Hyperacidity causing upset stomach
Condition that cause excess acid like peptic ulcers, gastritis, histal hernia

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9
Q

Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium salts, Aluminum salts

A

GI Secretions
Antiacid

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10
Q

Antiacid

A

GI Secretions
Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium salts, Aluminum salts

Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction

Hyperacidity causing upset stomach
Condition that cause excess acid like peptic ulcers, gastritis, histal hernia

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11
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

GI Secretions
Omeprazole
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole

Suppress secretion HCl into lumen of stomach by acting at specific secretory surface receptors to prevent the final step of acid production

Rx and prevent ulcers
Rx GERD
Rx pathological hypersecretory conditions

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12
Q

Omeprazole
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole

A

GI Secretions
Proton Pump Inhibitors

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13
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor Drugs

A

GI Secretions
Omeprazole
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole

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14
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA

A

GI Secretions
Suppress secretion HCl into lumen of stomach by acting at specific secretory surface receptors to prevent the final step of acid production

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15
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor Indications

A

GI Secretions
Rx and prevent ulcers
Rx GERD
Rx pathological hypersecretory conditions

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16
Q

GI Protectant

A

GI Secretions
Sucralfate

Coat the injured area of the stomach to prevent further injury and promote ulcer healing

Promote ulcer healing

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17
Q

Sucralfate

A

GI Secretions
GI Protectant

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18
Q

GI Protectant Drug

A

GI Secretions
Sucralfate

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19
Q

GI Protectant MOA

A

GI Secretions
Coat the injured area of the stomach to prevent further injury and promote ulcer healing

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20
Q

GI Protectant Indication

A

GI Secretions
Promote ulcer healing

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21
Q

Prostaglandin

A

GI Secretions
Misoprostol

Protects the stomach by inhibiting gastric acid secretion and increase bicarbonate and mucous production in the stomach

Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
Typically used to treat patients at high risk of developing ulcers

Miscarriage risk

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22
Q

Misoprostol

A

GI Secretions
Prostaglandin
Miscarriage risk

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23
Q

Prostaglandin Drug

A

GI Secretions
Misoprostol
miscarriage risk

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24
Q

Prostaglandin MOA

A

GI Secretions
Protects the stomach by inhibiting gastric acid secretion and increase bicarbonate and mucous production in the stomach

Miscarriage risk

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25
Prostaglandin Indication
GI Secretions Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers Typically used to treat patients at high risk of developing ulcers Miscarriage risk
26
Digestive Enzymes: SS
GI Secretions Saliva Substitutes Contains electrolytes and carboxyl methylcellulose to act as a thickening agent to make it easier to swallow and start the digestive process Dry mouth
27
Digestive Enzymes: PE
GI Secretions Pancreatic Enzymes Replacement enzyme to help with digestion and absorption of fats, protein, and carbs Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreatic Insufficiency, Malabsorption Syndrome
28
Digestive Enzyme Drugs
GI Secretions Saliva Substitutes Pancreatic Enzymes
29
Digestive Enzyme PE MOA
GI Secretions Pancreatic Enzymes Replacement enzyme to help with digestion and absorption of fats, protein, and carbs
30
Digestive Enzyme PE Indications
GI Secretions Pancreatic Enzymes Replacement enzyme to help with digestion and absorption of fats, protein, and carbs Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreatic Insufficiency, Malabsorption Syndrome
31
Digestive Enzymes SS MOA
GI Secretions Saliva Substitutes Contains electrolytes and carboxyl methylcellulose to act as a thickening agent to make it easier to swallow and start the digestive process
32
Digestive Enzymes SS Indication
GI Secretions Dry mouth
33
Saliva Substitutes and Pancreatic Enzymes
GI Secretions Digestive Enzymes
34
Chemical Stimulants
GI Motility Bisacodyl, Castor Oil, Senna Directly stimulate nerve plexus in the intestinal wall to increase movement Constipation Castor oil blocks the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
35
Bisacodyl, Castor Oil, Senna Class
GI Motility Chemical Stimulants
36
Chemical Stimulants MOA
GI Motility Directly stimulate nerve plexus in the intestinal wall to increase movement Castor oil blocks the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
37
Chemical Stimulants Indications
GI Motility Constipation Castor oil blocks the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
38
Bulk Forming Laxative
GI Motility Methylcellulose, Polycarbophil, Psyllium Increase motility by increase the size of the fecal material which increases fluid in GI tract which stretches the GI tract more causing increase in local GI activity Constipation
39
Methylcellulose, Polycarbophil, Psyllium
GI Motility Bulk Forming Laxative
40
Bulk Forming Laxative MOA
GI Motility Increase motility by increase the size of the fecal material which increases fluid in GI tract which stretches the GI tract more causing increase in local GI activity
41
Bulk Forming Laxative Indication
GI Motility Constipation
42
Osmotic Laxatives
GI Motility Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium citrate, Magnesium hydroxide: caution with renal insufficiency Lactulose: caution with diabetes Polyethylene glycol: caution with seizures Sodium picosulfate with magnesium oxide Draw more water into the GI tract and stimulate increase in GI motility Constipation Bowel cleanse before surgery
43
Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium citrate, Magnesium hydroxide Lactulose Polyethylene glycol Sodium picosulfate with magnesium oxide Class
GI Motility Osmotic Laxatives
44
Osmotic Laxative Drugs
GI Motility Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium citrate, Magnesium hydroxide: caution with renal insufficiency Lactulose: caution with diabetes Polyethylene glycol: caution with seizures Sodium picosulfate with magnesium oxide
45
Osmotic Laxative MOA
GI Motility Draw more water into the GI tract and stimulate increase in GI motility
46
Osmotic Laxative Indication
GI Motility Constipation Bowel cleanse before surgery
47
Lubricants: Docusate
GI Motility Stool softener When straining to have BM is contraindicated
48
Lubricants Drugs
GI Motility Docusate Glycerin Mineral Oil
49
Docusate Glycerin Mineral Oil Class
GI Motility Lubricants
50
Lubricants: Glycerin
GI Motility Hyperosmolarity laxative used to gently evacuate rectum without systemic higher in GI tract When straining to have BM is contraindicated
51
Lubricants: Mineral Oil
GI Motility Forms slippery coat on contents of intestine
52
Opioid Antagonist
GI Motility Methylnaltrexone Naldemedine Naloxegol Binds to peripheral opioid receptor to block opioid effects on GI tract Relieve opioid induced constipation
53
Opioid Antagonist Drugs
GI Motility Methylnaltrexone Naldemedine Naloxegol
54
Methylnaltrexone Naldemedine Naloxego Class
GI Motility Opioid Antagonist Drugs
55
Opioid Antagonist Drugs MOA
Binds to peripheral opioid receptor to block opioid effects on GI tract
56
Opioid Antagonist Drugs Indication
Binds to peripheral opioid receptor to block opioid effects on GI tract
57
Gastrointestinal Stimulants
GI Motility Metoclopramide Stimulate parasympathetic activity within GI tract. Increase GI secretions and motility Rapid movement GI content is desirable. Diabetic Gastroparesis Also Antiemetic
58
Metoclopramide Drug Class
GI Motility - Gastrointestinal Stimulants Antiemetic
59
Gastrointestinal Stimulants Drugs
GI Motility Metoclopramide Also Antiemetic
60
Gastrointestinal Stimulants MOA
GI Motility Stimulate parasympathetic activity within GI tract. Increase GI secretions and motility Also Antiemetic
61
Gastrointestinal Stimulants Indication
Rapid movement GI content is desirable. Diabetic Gastroparesis Also Antiemetic
62
Antidiarrheal
GI Motility Bismuth Subsalicylate Loperamide Slow motility of GI tract through direct action of lining of GI tract Acute or chronic diarrhea Reduction of volume of discharge from ileostomies Prevention and rx traveler's diarrhea
63
Antidiarrheal Drugs
GI Motility Bismuth Subsalicylate Loperamide
64
Bismuth Subsalicylate Loperamide Class
GI Motility Antidiarrheal Drugs
65
Antidiarrheal Drugs MOA
GI Motility Slow motility of GI tract through direct action of lining of GI tract
66
Antidiarrheal Drugs Indication
GI Motility Acute or chronic diarrhea Reduction of volume of discharge from ileostomies Prevention and rx traveler's diarrhea
67
Phenothiazine
Antiemetic Prochlorperazine Perphenazine Chlorpromazine Depresses various areas CNS; decrease responsiveness of CTZ in medulla N/V and antipsychotic
68
Phenothiazine Drugs
Antiemetic Prochlorperazine Perphenazine Chlorpromazine
69
Prochlorperazine Perphenazine Chlorpromazine Class
Antiemetic Phenothiazine
70
Phenothiazine MOA
Antiemetic Depresses various areas CNS; decrease responsiveness of CTZ in medulla
71
Phenothiazine Indication
Antiemetic N/V and antipsychotic
72
Nonphenothiazines
Antiemetic Metoclopramide Reduce responsiveness nerve cells in CTZ N/V and GI stimulant
73
Nonphenothiazines Drug
Antiemetic Metoclopramide
74
Nonphenothiazines MOA
Antiemetic Reduce responsiveness nerve cells in CTZ
75
Nonphenothiazines Indication
Antiemetic N/V and GI stimulant
76
5-HT3 Receptor Blocker
Antiemetic Granisetron Ondansetron Palonosetron Blocks specific receptor sites associated N/V peripherally and in CTZ N/V
77
5-HT3 Receptor Blocker Drugs
Antiemetic Granisetron Ondansetron Palonosetron
78
5-HT3 Receptor Blocker MOA
Antiemetic Blocks specific receptor sites associated N/V peripherally and in CTZ
79
5-HT3 Receptor Blocker Indications
Antiemetic N/V
80
Granisetron Ondansetron Palonosetron Class
Antiemetic 5-HT3 Receptor Blocker
81
Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
Antiemetic Aprepitant Rolapitant Fosaprepitant Act directly in CNS to block receptors associated N/V N/V due to chemotherapy
82
Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist Drug
Antiemetic Aprepitant Rolapitant Fosaprepitant
83
Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist MOA
Antiemetic Act directly in CNS to block receptors associated N/V
84
Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist Indication
Antiemetic N/V due to chemotherapy
85
Aprepitant Rolapitant Fosaprepitant Class
Antiemetic Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
86
Miscellaneous Antiemetic
Cannabinoids: Dronabinol, Nabilone N/V in chemotherapy; stimulate appetite in AIDS pt Antihistamine: Hydroxyzine Meclizine N/V and motion sickness Anticholinergic: Scopolamine N/V due to motion sickness
87
Salicylates
Anti-inflammatory Aspirin: rx inflammatory conditions Mesalamine: rx inflammation of large intestine Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins Rx mild to moderate pain and fever
88
Salicylates Drugs
Anti-inflammatory Aspirin: rx inflammatory conditions Mesalamine: rx inflammation of large intestine
89
Salicylates MOA
Anti-inflammatory Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins
90
Salicylates Indications
Anti-inflammatory Rx mild to moderate pain and fever
91
Aspirin Mesalamine Class
Anti-inflammatory Salicylates
92
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
Anti-inflammatory Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin Ketolorac Meloxicam Celecoxib Block COX 1 and COX 2 Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
93
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) Drugs
Anti-inflammatory Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin Ketolorac Meloxicam Celecoxib
94
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) MOA
Anti-inflammatory Block COX 1 and COX 2
95
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) Indications
Anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
96
Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin Ketolorac Meloxicam Celecoxib Class
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
97
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) Drug to Drug Interactions
Decrease loop diuretic Decrease beta blockers lithium toxicity
98
Acetaminophen
Anti-inflammatory Act directly on thermoregulatory cells of hypothalamus to decrease fever Rx pain and fever
99
Acetaminophen Antidote
Acetylcysteine
100
Acetaminophen MOA
Anti-inflammatory Act directly on thermoregulatory cells of hypothalamus to decrease fever
101
Acetaminophen Indication
Anti-inflammatory Rx pain and fever
102
Antigout
Colchicine: decrease inflammation by blocking neutrophils Allopurinol by inhibiting xanthine oxidase; enzyme convert xanthine to uric acid Rx gout
103
Antigout drugs
Colchicine Allopurinol
104
Colchicine Allopurinol Class
Antigout
105
Gold Compounds
Anti-arthritis Auranofin Absorbed by macrophages which inhibits phagocytosis and tissue destruction is decreased Prevent and suppress arthritis in selected pt with RA Last resort
106
Gold Compounds Drug
Anti-arthritis Auranofin
107
Gold Compounds Indication
Anti-arthritis Prevent and suppress arthritis in selected pt with RA Last resort
108
Gold Compounds MOA
Anti-arthritis Absorbed by macrophages which inhibits phagocytosis and tissue destruction is decreased Last resort
109
Auranofin Class
Anti-arthritis Gold Compounds
110
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers
DMARDS Adalimumab Etanercept Infliximab Acts to decrease local effects TNF which normally release cytokine and stimulate proinflammatory activities Rheumatoid arthritis Polyarticular juvenile arthritis Plaque psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Often first class used progressing arthritis
111
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers BBW
serious to fatal infection and develop lymphomas and other cancers
112
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers MOA
DMARDS Acts to decrease local effects TNF which normally release cytokine and stimulate proinflammatory activities Often first class used progressing arthritis
113
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers Indications
DMARDS Rheumatoid arthritis Polyarticular juvenile arthritis Plaque psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Often first class used progressing arthritis
114
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers Drugs
DMARDS Adalimumab Etanercept Infliximab Often first class used progressing arthritis
115
Adalimumab Etanercept Infliximab Class
DMARDS Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers Drugs
116
Mineralocorticoids
Adrenocortical Agent Cortisone Fludrocortisone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Prednisolone Hold sodium and water in body and causes excretion of potassium by acting on renal tubule Replacement therapy in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency Rx salt wasting adrenogenital syndrome
117
Cushing Syndrome
Adrenal Excess Results from adrenal hyperplasia or tumor, ACTH secreting tumor moon-like face, central obesity, HTN, protein breakdown, osteoporosis, hirsutism
118
Addison's Disease
Do not produce enough ACTH or adrenal glands are not responding to ACTH Confusion, hypotension, CV collapse, fatigue
119
Mineralocorticoids MOA
Adrenocortical Agent Hold sodium and water in body and causes excretion of potassium by acting on renal tubule
120
Mineralocorticoids Indications
Adrenocortical Agent Replacement therapy in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency Rx salt wasting adrenogenital syndrome
121
Mineralocorticoids Drugs
Adrenocortical Agent Cortisone Fludrocortisone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Prednisolone
122
Cortisone Fludrocortisone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Prednisolone Class
Adrenocortical Agent Mineralocorticoids
123
Glucocorticoids
Adrenocortical Agent Betamethasone Budesonide Cortisone Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Prednisone Enter target cells and bind to cytoplasmic receptor to initiate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects Short term rx inflammatory disorder Relieve discomfort Used in conjunction with other immunosuppressant drugs to inhibit transplant rejection Rx some cancer, other disorders, and some infections No live virus vaccine
124
Glucocorticoids MOA
Adrenocortical Agent Enter target cells and bind to cytoplasmic receptor to initiate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects No live virus vaccine
125
Glucocorticoids Indication
Adrenocortical Agent Short term rx inflammatory disorder Relieve discomfort Used in conjunction with other immunosuppressant drugs to inhibit transplant rejection Rx some cancer, other disorders, and some infections No live virus vaccine
126
Glucocorticoids Drugs
Adrenocortical Agent Betamethasone Budesonide Cortisone Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Prednisone No live virus vaccine
127
Betamethasone Budesonide Cortisone Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Prednisone Class
Adrenocortical Agent Glucocorticoids
128
Drugs Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Cortisone Hydrocortisone Prednisolone Prednisone
129
Immune Stimulant: Interferons
Immune Modulator Alfa-2b Prevent virus particles replicating inside cells and stimulate receptor of non-invaded cells to produce antiviral protein to inhibit tumor growth and replication Various cancers, hepatitis B/C, multiple sclerosis
130
Alpa-2b Class
Immune Modulator Immune Stimulant: Interferons
131
Immune Stimulant: Interferons MOA
Immune Modulator Alfa-2b Naturally released human cells in response to viral invasion Prevent virus particles replicating inside cells and stimulate receptor of non-invaded cells to produce antiviral protein to inhibit tumor growth and replication
132
Immune Stimulant: Interferons Indication
Immune Modulator Alfa-2b Various cancers, hepatitis B/C, multiple sclerosis
133
Immune Stimulant: Interleukins
Immune Modulator Aldesleukin: human produced recombinant DNA using E. Coli Oprelvekin: thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulate stem cells into mature platelets Chemical produced by T cells to communicate between leukocytes to increase the number of natural killer cells and lymphocytes. Increase circulating platelets and activate cell immunity to inhibit tumor growth Aldesleukin: specific renal carcinomas Oprelvekin: prevention of severe thrombocytopenia after myelosuppressive chemotherapy
134
Immune Stimulant: Interleukins MOA
Immune Modulator Aldesleukin: human produced recombinant DNA using E. Coli Oprelvekin: thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulate stem cells into mature platelets Chemical produced by T cells to communicate between leukocytes to increase the number of natural killer cells and lymphocytes. Increase circulating platelets and activate cell immunity to inhibit tumor growth
135
Immune Stimulant: Interleukins Indication
Immune Modulator Aldesleukin: specific renal carcinomas Oprelvekin: prevention of severe thrombocytopenia after myelosuppressive chemotherapy
136
Immune Stimulant: Interleukins Drugs
Immune Modulator Aldesleukin: human produced recombinant DNA using E. Coli Oprelvekin: thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulate stem cells into mature platelets
137
Aldesleukin Oprelvekin Class
Immune Stimulant: Interleukins
138
Immune Stimulant: Colony Stimulating Factors
Immune modulator Filgrastim Pegfilgrastim Stimulate the bone marrow to produce more WBCs like neutrophils Reduce the incidence of infections in bone marrow suppression. Decrease neutropenia associated bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy Help rx various blood-related cancers
139
Immune Stimulant: Colony Stimulating Factors MOA
Immune modulator Stimulate the bone marrow to produce more WBCs like neutrophils
140
Immune Stimulant: Colony Stimulating Factors Indication
Immune modulator Reduce the incidence of infections in bone marrow suppression. Decrease neutropenia associated bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy Help rx various blood-related cancers
141
Immune Stimulant: Colony Stimulating Factors Drugs
Immune modulator Filgrastim Pegfilgrastim
142
Filgrastim Pegfilgrastim Class
Immune modulator Immune Stimulant: Colony Stimulating Factors
143
Immunosuppressants: Immune Modulator
Immune Modulator Apremilast Inhibits secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and increase secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes Psoriatic arthritis
144
Immunosuppressants: Immune Modulator MOA
Immune Modulator Inhibits secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and increase secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes
145
Immunosuppressants: Immune Modulator Indication
Immune Modulator Psoriatic arthritis
146
Immunosuppressants: Immune Modulator Drug
Immune Modulator Apremilast
147
Apremilast Class
Immunosuppressants: Immune Modulator
148
Immunosuppressant: T and B Cell Suppressors
Immune Modulator Cyclosporine: suppression of rejection transplant, RA, psoriasis Mycophenolate: prevention of rejection of renal and heart transplants in adults Tacrolimus: prevent rejection of heart and liver transplants Block antibody production from B cells and inhibit suppressor/helper T cells
149
Immunosuppressant: T and B Cell Suppressors MOA
Immune Modulator Block antibody production from B cells and inhibit suppressor/helper T cells
150
Immunosuppressant: T and B Cell Suppressors Indications
Immune Modulator Cyclosporine: suppression of rejection transplant, RA, psoriasis Mycophenolate: prevention of rejection of renal and heart transplants in adults Tacrolimus: prevent rejection of heart and liver transplants
151
Immunosuppressant: T and B Cell Suppressors Drugs
Immune Modulator Cyclosporine: suppression of rejection transplant, RA, psoriasis Mycophenolate: prevention of rejection of renal and heart transplants in adults Tacrolimus: prevent rejection of heart and liver transplants
152
Cyclosporine Mycophenolate Tacrolimus Class
Immunosuppressant: T and B Cell Suppressors
153
Immunosuppressant: Interleukin Receptor Antagonist
Immune Modulator Anakinra Block activity of interleukin that are released in inflammatory or immune response RA Absolute: allergy to E coli
154
Immunosuppressant: Interleukin Receptor Antagonist MOA
Immune Modulator Block activity of interleukin that are released in inflammatory or immune response Absolute: allergy to E coli
155
Immunosuppressant: Interleukin Receptor Antagonist Indication
Immune Modulator RA Absolute: allergy to E coli
156
Immunosuppressant: Interleukin Receptor Antagonist Drug
Immune Modulator Anakinra Absolute: allergy to E coli
157
Anakinra Class
Immunosuppressant: Interleukin Receptor Antagonist
158
Immunosuppressant: Monoclonal Antibodies
Immune Modulator Adalimumab Certolizumab Golimumab Infliximab Antibody attach to specific receptor and develop respond very specific
159
Adalimumab Certolizumab Golimumab Infliximab Class
Immunosuppressant: Monoclonal Antibodies
160
Immunosuppressant: Monoclonal Antibodies Drugs
Adalimumab Certolizumab Golimumab Infliximab
161
Antitussives
Upper Respiratory Tract Benzonatate: local anesthetic on respiratory tract Codeine and Hydrocodone Dextromethorphan Act directly on medullary cough center of brain to depress cough reflex Control nonproductive cough
162
Antitussives MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Act directly on medullary cough center of brain to depress cough reflex
163
Antitussives Indications
Upper Respiratory Tract Control nonproductive cough
164
Antitussives Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Benzonatate: local anesthetic on respiratory tract Codeine and Hydrocodone Dextromethorphan
165
Benzonatate Codeine and Hydrocodone Dextromethorphan
URT Antitussives
166
Topical Nasal Decongestants
Upper Respiratory Tract Oxymetazoline Tetrahydrozoline Xylometazoline Phenylephrine Sympathomimetic causing local vasoconstriction to decrease edema and inflammation Relieve discomfort of nasal congestive Dilate the nares for medical exam or relieve middle ear pressure Do not take longer than one week
167
Topical Nasal Decongestants MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Sympathomimetic causing local vasoconstriction to decrease edema and inflammation Do not take longer than one week
168
Topical Nasal Decongestants Indications
Upper Respiratory Tract Relieve discomfort of nasal congestive Dilate the nares for medical exam or relieve middle ear pressure Do not take longer than one week
169
Topical Nasal Decongestants Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Oxymetazoline Tetrahydrozoline Xylometazoline Phenylephrine Do not take longer than one week
170
Oxymetazoline Tetrahydrozoline Xylometazoline Phenylephrine
URT Topical Nasal Decongestants Do not take longer than one week
171
Oral Decongestants
Upper Respiratory Tract Pseudoephedrine Phenylephrine Shrink nasal mucous membrane by stimulating alpha adrenergic receptor in nasal mucous membrane which promote drainage of sinuses and improve air flow Decrease nasal congestion Relieve pressure in middle ear Do not take longer than one week
172
Oral Decongestants MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Shrink nasal mucous membrane by stimulating alpha adrenergic receptor in nasal mucous membrane which promote drainage of sinuses and improve air flow Do not take longer than one week
173
Oral Decongestants Indication
Upper Respiratory Tract Decrease nasal congestion Relieve pressure in middle ear Do not take longer than one week
174
Oral Decongestants Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Pseudoephedrine Phenylephrine Do not take longer than one week
175
Pseudoephedrine Phenylephrine Class
URT Oral Decongestants
176
Steroid Nasal Decongestants
Upper Respiratory Tract Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Flunisolide Block inflammatory response to relieve inflammation with minimal system absorption Seasonal allergic rhinitis Nasal Congestion Inflammation after removal of nasal polyps Take 1-3 weeks to be effective
177
Steroid Nasal Decongestants MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Block inflammatory response to relieve inflammation with minimal system absorption Take 1-3 weeks to be effective
178
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Indication
Upper Respiratory Tract Seasonal allergic rhinitis Nasal Congestion Inflammation after removal of nasal polyps Take 1-3 weeks to be effective
179
Steroid Nasal Decongestants Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Flunisolide Take 1-3 weeks to be effective
180
Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Flunisolide Class
URT Steroid Nasal Decongestants
181
Antihistamines - URT
Upper Respiratory Tract Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Meclizine Promethazine Azelastine Cetirizine Fexofenadine Levocetirizine Loratadine Block release and action of histamine at histamine 1 receptors to decrease allergic response. Anticholinergic and antipruritic effects Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis Urticaria Angioedema Administer on empty stomach and void beforehand
182
Antihistamines - URT MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Block release and action of histamine at histamine 1 receptors to decrease allergic response. Anticholinergic and antipruritic effects Administer on empty stomach and void beforehand
183
Antihistamines - URT Indications
Upper Respiratory Tract Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis Urticaria Angioedema Administer on empty stomach and void beforehand
184
Antihistamines - URT Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Meclizine Promethazine Azelastine Cetirizine Fexofenadine Levocetirizine Loratadine Administer on empty stomach and void beforehand
185
Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Meclizine Promethazine Azelastine Cetirizine Fexofenadine Levocetirizine Loratadine Class
URT Antihistamines
186
Expectorants
Upper Respiratory Tract Guaifenesin Liquifies respiratory tract secretion to reduce viscosity making it easier to expel Increase productive cough to expel mucus to clear airways and relieve respiratory congestion Do not take longer than one week
187
Expectorants MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Liquifies respiratory tract secretion to reduce viscosity making it easier to expel Do not take longer than one week
188
Expectorants Indications
Upper Respiratory Tract Increase productive cough to expel mucus to clear airways and relieve respiratory congestion Do not take longer than one week
189
Expectorants Drug
Upper Respiratory Tract Guaifenesin Do not take longer than one week
190
Guaifenesin Class
URT Expectorants
191
Mucolytic
Upper Respiratory Tract Acetylcysteine: Acetaminophen OD Dornase alfa: palliative cystic fibrosis Works to break down mucosa in order to aid high-risk respiratory patient in coughing thick secretions Pt difficulty coughing up secretions Pt develop atelectasis Pt undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy Postoperative pt Pt with tracheostomies Illness like COPD, CF, pneumonia, TB
192
Mucolytic MOA
Upper Respiratory Tract Works to break down mucosa in order to aid high-risk respiratory patient in coughing thick secretions
193
Mucolytic Indications
Upper Respiratory Tract Pt difficulty coughing up secretions Pt develop atelectasis Pt undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy Postoperative pt Pt with tracheostomies Illness like COPD, CF, pneumonia, TB
194
Mucolytic Drugs
Upper Respiratory Tract Acetylcysteine: Acetaminophen OD Dornase alfa: palliative cystic fibrosis
195
Acetylcysteine Dornase alfa Class
URT Mucolytic
196
Xanthine LRT
Lower Respiratory Tract Caffeine Theophylline Direct effect on smooth muscle of respiratory tract in both the bronchi and bronchovesicular Symptomatic relief or prevention of asthma and COPD Reversal of bronchospasms Only prescribed when other drugs do not work
197
Xanthine LRT MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Direct effect on smooth muscle of respiratory tract in both the bronchi and bronchovesicular Only prescribed when other drugs do not work
198
Xanthine LRT Indications
Lower Respiratory Tract Symptomatic relief or prevention of asthma and COPD Reversal of bronchospasms Only prescribed when other drugs do not work
199
Xanthine LRT Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Caffeine Theophylline Only prescribed when other drugs do not work
200
Caffeine Theophylline Class
Xanthine LRT
201
Sympathomimetics LRT
Lower Respiratory Tract Epinephrine: drug of choice for bronchospasms Formoterol Levalbuterol Salmeterol Albuterol: rescue inhaler Isoproterenol Metaproterenol Beta 2 selective adrenergic agonist that dilate bronchi which increase respiratory rate and depth Acute asthma attack Bronchospasm Prevention of exercise induced asthma Maintenance meds for chronic respiratory disease
202
Sympathomimetics LRT MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Beta 2 selective adrenergic agonist that dilate bronchi which increase respiratory rate and depth
203
Sympathomimetics LRT Indication
Lower Respiratory Tract Acute asthma attack Bronchospasm Prevention of exercise induced asthma Maintenance meds for chronic respiratory disease
204
Sympathomimetics LRT Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Epinephrine: drug of choice for bronchospasms Formoterol Levalbuterol Salmeterol Albuterol: rescue inhaler Isoproterenol Metaproterenol
205
Epinephrine Formoterol Levalbuterol Salmeterol Albuterol Isoproterenol Metaproterenol Class
Sympathomimetics LRT
206
Inhaled Steroids LRT
Lower Respiratory Tract Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Ciclesonide Decrease inflammatory response in airways Prevention and rx of asthma Maintenance rx of COPD Take 2-3 weeks to be effective
207
Inhaled Steroids LRT MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Decrease inflammatory response in airways Take 2-3 weeks to be effective
208
Inhaled Steroids LRT Indication
Lower Respiratory Tract Prevention and rx of asthma Maintenance rx of COPD Take 2-3 weeks to be effective
209
Inhaled Steroids LRT Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Ciclesonide Take 2-3 weeks to be effective
210
Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone Budesonide Ciclesonide Class
Inhaled Steroids LRT
211
Anticholinergic LRT
Lower Respiratory Tract Ipratropium Tiotropium Aclidinium Umeclidinium Blocks the vagal effect leading to relaxation of smooth muscle in bronchi causing bronchodilation Maintenance rx of COPD
212
Anticholinergic LRT MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Blocks the vagal effect leading to relaxation of smooth muscle in bronchi causing bronchodilation
213
Anticholinergic LRT Indications
Lower Respiratory Tract Maintenance rx of COPD
214
Anticholinergic LRT Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Ipratropium Tiotropium Aclidinium Umeclidinium
215
Ipratropium Tiotropium Aclidinium Umeclidinium Class
Anticholinergic LRT
216
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist LRT
Lower Respiratory Tract Zafirlukast Montelukast Block receptors for production of leukotrienes Long-term rx of asthma Works within one week
217
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist LRT MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Block receptors for production of leukotrienes Works within one week
218
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist LRT Indications
Lower Respiratory Tract Long-term rx of asthma Works within one week
219
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist LRT Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Zafirlukast Montelukast Works within one week
220
Zafirlukast Montelukast Class
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist LRT
221
Lung Surfactants
Lower Respiratory Tract Beractant Calfactant Lucinactant Poractant Replace surfactant missing in lungs of neonate with RDS Rescue rx of infants who have develop RDS
222
Lung Surfactants MOA
Lower Respiratory Tract Replace surfactant missing in lungs of neonate with RDS
223
Lung Surfactants Indication
Lower Respiratory Tract Rescue rx of infants who have develop RDS
224
Lung Surfactants Drugs
Lower Respiratory Tract Beractant Calfactant Lucinactant Poractant
225
Beractant Calfactant Lucinactant Poractant Class
LRT Lung Surfactants
226
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Heart Failure Milrinone Block PDE which increase cAMP causing increase in calcium levels therefore stronger contraction and prolonged response to sympathetic stimulation Short term rx HF in pt unresponsive to digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators Use is limited to severe situation
227
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors MOA
Heart Failure Block PDE which increase cAMP causing increase in calcium levels therefore stronger contraction and prolonged response to sympathetic stimulation
228
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Indication
Heart Failure Short term rx HF in pt unresponsive to digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators Use is limited to severe situation
229
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Drug
Heart Failure Milrinone
230
Milrinone Class
Heart Failure Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
231
Cardiac Glycosides
Heart Failure Digoxin: positive inotrope and negative chronotrope Increase intracellular calcium allowing more calcium to enter during depolarization; positive inotrope effects Increase renal perfusion with diuretic effect and decrease in renin secretions Slow conduction through AV node to decrease heart rate Rx HF, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia Antidote: DigiFab
232
Cardiac Glycosides MOA
Heart Failure Increase intracellular calcium allowing more calcium to enter during depolarization; positive inotrope effects Increase renal perfusion with diuretic effect and decrease in renin secretions Slow conduction through AV node to decrease heart rate Antidote: DigiFab
233
Cardiac Glycosides Indication
Heart Failure Rx HF, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia Antidote: DigiFab
234
Cardiac Glycosides Drug
Heart Failure Digoxin Antidote: DigiFab
235
Cardiac Glycosides Antidote
Heart Failure Antidote: DigiFab
236
Digoxin Class
Heart Failure Cardiac Glycosides
237
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Blocker (HCN Blockers)
Heart Failure Ivabradine Blocking HCN slows heart's pacemaker (sinus node) in repolarizing phase of AP which reduces heart rate Reduce risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure
238
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Blocker (HCN Blockers) MOA
Heart Failure Blocking HCN slows heart's pacemaker (sinus node) in repolarizing phase of AP which reduces heart rate
239
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Blocker (HCN Blockers) Indication
Heart Failure Reduce risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure
240
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Blocker (HCN Blockers) Drug
Heart Failure Ivabradine
241
Ivabradine Class
Heart Failure Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Blocker (HCN Blockers)
242
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI)
Heart Failure Sacubitril Valsartan Block breakdown of natriuretic peptides and inhibit effects of RAAS Leads to decrease in cardiac workload, lower vascular volume, lower blood pressure and improved heart failure symptoms Reduce risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization in adults with chronic heart failure Rx symptomatic heart failure with systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pediatric patient older than one year
243
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) MOA
Heart Failure Block breakdown of natriuretic peptides and inhibit effects of RAAS Leads to decrease in cardiac workload, lower vascular volume, lower blood pressure and improved heart failure symptoms
244
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) Indications
Heart Failure Reduce risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization in adults with chronic heart failure Rx symptomatic heart failure with systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pediatric patient older than one year
245
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) Drugs
Heart Failure Sacubitril Valsartan
246
Sacubitril Valsartan Class
Heart Failure Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors
247
Antianginal Beta Blockers
Atenolol Metoprolol Propranolol Nadolol Block beta adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidneys Decrease the influence of SNS on heart and kidney Decrease cardiac output and the release of renin Long term management of angina pectoris caused by atherosclerosis Used in combination with nitrates to increase exercise tolerance Prevent re-infarction in stable patient 1-4 week after MI
248
Antianginal Beta Blockers MOA
Block beta adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidneys Decrease the influence of SNS on heart and kidney Decrease cardiac output and the release of renin
249
Antianginal Beta Blockers Indication
Long term management of angina pectoris caused by atherosclerosis Used in combination with nitrates to increase exercise tolerance Prevent re-infarction in stable patient 1-4 week after MI
250
Antianginal Beta Blockers Drugs
Atenolol Metoprolol Propranolol Nadolol
251
Atenolol Metoprolol Propranolol Nadolol Class
Antianginal Beta Blockers
252
Antianginal Nitrates
Preventative and long-acting: Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate Prevention and rx acute attack: Nitroglycerin Act directly on the smooth muscle to cause relaxation of blood vessels Prevent and rx attacks of angina pectoris
253
Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate Nitroglycerin Class
Antianginal Nitrates
254
Antianginal Nitrates MOA
Act directly on the smooth muscle to cause relaxation of blood vessels
255
Antianginal Nitrates Indications
Prevent and rx attacks of angina pectoris
256
Antianginal Nitrates Drugs
Preventative and long-acting: Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate
257
Antianginal Calcium Channel Blockers
Dihydropyridine: more vascular used HTN and angina Amlodipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Non-dihydropyridine: more myocardial used in angina and arrhythmias Diltiazem Verapamil Inhibit movement of calcium ions across membranes therefore altering action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction. Results in loss of smooth muscle tone, vasodilation, and decrease PVR Prinzmetal's angina Chronic angina Effort-associated angina HTN
258
Antianginal Calcium Channel Blockers MOA
Inhibit movement of calcium ions across membranes therefore altering action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction. Results in loss of smooth muscle tone, vasodilation, and decrease PVR
259
Antianginal Calcium Channel Blockers Indications
Prinzmetal's angina Chronic angina Effort-associated angina HTN
260
Antianginal Calcium Channel Blockers Drugs
Dihydropyridine: more vascular used HTN and angina Amlodipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Non-dihydropyridine: more myocardial used in angina and arrhythmias Diltiazem Verapamil
261
Dihydropyridine Amlodipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Non-dihydropyridine Diltiazem Verapamil
Antianginal Calcium Channel Blockers
262
Antiarrhythmic Class 1
Procainamide Lidocaine Quinidine Flecainide Propafenone Block Sodium channels in the cell membrane during action potential causing a decrease in depolarization, decrease in automaticity of ventricular cells and increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold. Tachycardia Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias Symptomatic paroxysmal arterial arrhythmias Quinidine toxicity occurs foods that alkalinize urine and grapefruit juice
263
Antiarrhythmic Class 1 MOA
Block Sodium channels in the cell membrane during action potential causing a decrease in depolarization, decrease in automaticity of ventricular cells and increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold. Quinidine toxicity occurs foods that alkalinize urine and grapefruit juice
264
Antiarrhythmic Class 1 Indications
Tachycardia Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias Symptomatic paroxysmal arterial arrhythmias Quinidine toxicity occurs foods that alkalinize urine and grapefruit juice
265
Antiarrhythmic Class 1 Drugs
Procainamide Lidocaine Quinidine Flecainide Propafenone Quinidine toxicity occurs foods that alkalinize urine and grapefruit juice
266
Procainamide Lidocaine Quinidine Flecainide Propafenone Class
Antiarrhythmic Class 1
267
Antiarrhythmic Class 2
Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol Digoxin, Adenosine Act on autonomic receptors by competitively block the beta receptors in heart and kidneys to decrease heart rate, cardiac excitability, cardiac output. Slow conduction through AV node to decrease heart rate Rx rapid arterial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal SVT, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia Adenosine specifically used SVT when other measure not effective by flatlining the heart
268
Antiarrhythmic Class 2 MOA
Act on autonomic receptors by competitively block the beta receptors in heart and kidneys to decrease heart rate, cardiac excitability, cardiac output. Slow conduction through AV node to decrease heart rate Adenosine specifically used SVT when other measure not effective by flatlining the heart
269
Antiarrhythmic Class 2 Indication
Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol Digoxin, Adenosine Rx rapid arterial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal SVT, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia Adenosine specifically used SVT when other measure not effective by flatlining the heart
270
Antiarrhythmic Class 2 Drugs
Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol Digoxin, Adenosine Adenosine specifically used SVT when other measure not effective by flatlining the heart
271
Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol Digoxin, Adenosine Class
Antiarrhythmic Class 2
272
Antiarrhythmic Class 3
Amiodarone Dofetilide Sotalol Block Potassium channels and slow outward movement of potassium during the 3rd phase of action potential Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias Maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial arrhythmias SAD banana
273
Antiarrhythmic Class 3 MOA
Block Potassium channels and slow outward movement of potassium during the 3rd phase of action potential SAD banana
274
Antiarrhythmic Class 3 Indication
Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias Maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial arrhythmias SAD banana
275
Antiarrhythmic Class 3 Drugs
Amiodarone Dofetilide Sotalol SAD banana
276
Amiodarone Dofetilide Sotalol Class
Antiarrhythmic Class 3
277
Antiarrhythmic Class 4
Diltazem Verapamil Block movement of calcium across cell membrane which depresses the generation of action potential and delays phases 1/2 of repolarization. Slows conduction through AV node. Rx rapid supraventricular dysrhythmias like rapid atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Very Dairy
278
Antiarrhythmic Class 4 MOA
Block movement of calcium across cell membrane which depresses the generation of action potential and delays phases 1/2 of repolarization. Slows conduction through AV node. Very Dairy
279
Antiarrhythmic Class 4 Indications
Rx rapid supraventricular dysrhythmias like rapid atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Very Dairy
280
Antiarrhythmic Class 4 Drugs
Diltazem Verapamil Very Dairy
281
Diltazem Verapamil Class
Antiarrhythmic Class 4
282
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Antihypertensive Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Ramipril Blocks ACE from converting Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II in RAAS Blocks aldosterone causing vasodilation, sodium and water excretion, and small increase in serum potassium HTN Congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in conjunction with other meds Diabetic neuropathy prevention Dry hacking constant cough
283
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor MOA
Antihypertensive Blocks ACE from converting Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II in RAAS Blocks aldosterone causing vasodilation, sodium and water excretion, and small increase in serum potassium Dry hacking constant cough
284
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Indication
Antihypertensive HTN Congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in conjunction with other meds Diabetic neuropathy prevention Dry hacking constant cough
285
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Drugs
Antihypertensive Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Ramipril Dry hacking constant cough
286
Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Ramipril Class
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
287
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: ARB
Antihypertensive Candesartan Irbesartan Losartan Olmesartan Telmisartan Valsartan Angiotensin II receptor antagonist which prevents vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone HTN, congestive heart failure, diabetic neuropathy prevention
288
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: ARB MOA
Antihypertensive Angiotensin II receptor antagonist which prevents vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
289
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: ARB Indications
Antihypertensive HTN, congestive heart failure, diabetic neuropathy prevention
290
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: ARB Drugs
Antihypertensive Candesartan Irbesartan Losartan Olmesartan Telmisartan Valsartan
291
Candesartan Irbesartan Losartan Olmesartan Telmisartan Valsartan Class
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: ARB
292
Renin Inhibitors
Antihypertensive Aliskiren Inhibits renin which inhibits RAAS to decrease blood pressure, decrease aldosterone, and decrease sodium reabsorption HTN
293
Renin Inhibitors MOA
Antihypertensive Inhibits renin which inhibits RAAS to decrease blood pressure, decrease aldosterone, and decrease sodium reabsorption
294
Renin Inhibitors Indications
Antihypertensive HTN
295
Renin Inhibitors Drug
Antihypertensive Aliskiren
296
Aliskiren Class
Renin Inhibitors
297
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine Diltiazem, Verapamil Inhibit movement of calcium ions across cell membrane depressing impulse and leading to slowed conduction, decrease myocardial contractility, dilating arteries HTN, angina, arrhythmias Very Daisy Dipine
298
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers MOA
Inhibit movement of calcium ions across cell membrane depressing impulse and leading to slowed conduction, decrease myocardial contractility, dilating arteries Very Daisy Dipine
299
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers Indications
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine Diltiazem, Verapamil HTN, angina, arrhythmias Very Dairy Dipine
300
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers Drugs
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine Diltiazem, Verapamil Very Daisy Dipine
301
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine Diltiazem, Verapamil Class
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers
302
Vasopressors
Antihypertensive Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine Stimulate all adrenergic receptors in SNS causing increase heart rate and myocardial contractility, blood vessel constrict and blood pressure increase, bronchi dilates and rate and depth of breathing increases Hypotensive status Anaphylaxis Bronchospasms and acute asthma
303
Vasopressors MOA
Antihypertensive Stimulate all adrenergic receptors in SNS causing increase heart rate and myocardial contractility, blood vessel constrict and blood pressure increase, bronchi dilates and rate and depth of breathing increases
304
Vasopressors Indications
Antihypertensive Hypotensive status Anaphylaxis Bronchospasms and acute asthma
305
Vasopressors Drugs
Antihypertensive Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
306
Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine Class
Vasopressors
307
Antihypertensive Alpha-2 Agonist
Clonidine Stimulates Alpha-2 receptors in CNS and inhibits cardiovascular centers leading to decrease sympathetic outflow from CNS and decrease in blood pressure HTN
308
Antihypertensive Alpha-2 Agonist MOA
Stimulates Alpha-2 receptors in CNS and inhibits cardiovascular centers leading to decrease sympathetic outflow from CNS and decrease in blood pressure
309
Antihypertensive Alpha-2 Agonist
HTN
310
Antihypertensive Alpha-2 Agonist Drug
Clonidine
311
Clonidine Class
Antihypertensive Alpha-2 Agonist
312
Antihypertensive Diuretic Drugs
Thiazide and thiazide-like: Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide Potassium-sparring: Spironolactone and triamterene
313
Antihypertensive Vasodilators
Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation and vasodilation to decrease blood pressure. Severe hypertension and other meds do not work. Refractory hypertension when blood pressure spikes in someone with previously controlled blood pressure Hypertensive emergencies Malignant hypertension: organ damage
314
Antihypertensive Vasodilators MOA
Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation and vasodilation to decrease blood pressure.
315
Antihypertensive Vasodilators Indications
Severe hypertension and other meds do not work. Refractory hypertension when blood pressure spikes in someone with previously controlled blood pressure Hypertensive emergencies Malignant hypertension: organ damage
316
Antihypertensive Vasodilators Drugs
Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin
317
Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin
Antihypertensive Vasodilators
318
Antihypertensive Beta Blockers
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol Block beta adrenergic receptors in the heart decrease heart rate and cardiac muscle contraction vasodilates causing increase blood flow to kidneys which decreases the release of renin HTN Angina Tachyarrhythmias Migraine HA Myocardial infarction Glaucoma Heart failure Hyperthyroidism
319
Antihypertensive Beta Blockers MOA
Block beta adrenergic receptors in the heart decrease heart rate and cardiac muscle contraction vasodilates causing increase blood flow to kidneys which decreases the release of renin
320
Antihypertensive Beta Blockers Indications
HTN Angina Tachyarrhythmias Migraine HA Myocardial infarction Glaucoma Heart failure Hyperthyroidism
321
Antihypertensive Beta Blockers Drugs
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol
322
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol Class
Antihypertensive Beta Blockers
323
Antihypertensive Alpha Adrenergic Blocker
Phentolamine Block Alpha 1 receptor causing vasodilation Block Alpha 2 receptor which prevent norepinephrine feedback loop resulting in increase in reflex tachycardia Dx and manage episode of pheochromocytoma
324
Antihypertensive Alpha Adrenergic Blocker MOA
Block Alpha 1 receptor causing vasodilation Block Alpha 2 receptor which prevent norepinephrine feedback loop resulting in increase in reflex tachycardia
325
Antihypertensive Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Indications
Dx and manage episode of pheochromocytoma
326
Antihypertensive Alpha Adrenergic Blocker Drug
Phentolamine
327
Phentolamine Class
Antihypertensive Alpha Adrenergic Blocker
328
Antihypertensive Alpha and Beta Blocker
Carvedilol and Labetalol Block norepinephrine at all alpha and beta receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system to lower blood pressure and heart and increase renal perfusion which decrease renin HTN
329
Antihypertensive Alpha and Beta Blocker MOA
Block norepinephrine at all alpha and beta receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system to lower blood pressure and heart and increase renal perfusion which decrease renin
330
Antihypertensive Alpha and Beta Blocker Indication
HTN
331
Antihypertensive Alpha and Beta Blocker Drug
Carvedilol and Labetalol
332
Carvedilol and Labetalol Class
Antihypertensive Alpha and Beta Blocker
333
Antihypertensive Alpha 1 Blocker
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin Block alpha 1 receptor sites for vasodilation HTN
334
Antihypertensive Alpha 1 Blocker MOA
Block alpha 1 receptor sites for vasodilation
335
Antihypertensive Alpha 1 Blocker Indication
HTN
336
Antihypertensive Alpha 1 Blocker Drug
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
337
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin Class
Antihypertensive Alpha 1 Blocker
338
Hemostatic Agent
Coagulation Modifier Aminocaproic Acid: systemic Prevent systemic clot breakdown to prevent blood loss Absorbable gelatin, collagen, fibril, thrombin: topical For surface injuries involving so much damage to the small vessels in the area that clotting does not occur and blood is slowly and continually loss
339
Aminocaproic Acid Absorbable gelatin, collagen, fibril, thrombin Class
Hemostatic Agent
340
Antihemophilic
Coagulation modifier Factor Replace clotting factor that are either genetically missing or low in a particular type of hemophilia Prevent blood loss from injury or surgery Rx bleeding disorder
341
Antihemophilic MOA
Coagulation modifier Replace clotting factor that are either genetically missing or low in a particular type of hemophilia
342
Antihemophilic Indications
Coagulation modifier Prevent blood loss from injury or surgery Rx bleeding disorder
343
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Hemorheological Agent Pentoxifylline Xanthine decrease platelet aggregation and decrease in fibrinogen concentration in blood Improve blood flow in compromised vessels Rx intermittent claudication Dalteparin and Enoxaparin Inhibit thrombus and clot formation by blocking factor X1 and IIa. Also block angiogenesis Specific use in prevention of clots and emboli formation after certain surgeries and prolonged best rest
344
Thrombolytic Agent
Coagulation Modifier Alteplase Reteplase Tenecteplase Activate plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down fibril threads in a clot to dissolve it Acute MI Pulmonary embolism Ischemic stroke
345
Thrombolytic Agent MOA
Coagulation Modifier Activate plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down fibril threads in a clot to dissolve it
346
Thrombolytic Agent Indications
Coagulation Modifier Acute MI Pulmonary embolism Ischemic stroke
347
Thrombolytic Agent Drug
Coagulation Modifier Alteplase Reteplase Tenecteplase
348
Alteplase Reteplase Tenecteplase Class
Thrombolytic Agent
349
Antiplatelet
Coagulation modifier Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor Affect formation of platelet plug Cardiovascular disease that are prone to clogged vessels Keep surgical graft open Prevent cerebrovascular occlusion Adjunct to thrombolytic therapy after MI and to prevent another MI
350
Antiplatelet MOA
Coagulation modifier Affect formation of platelet plug
351
Antiplatelet Indications
Coagulation modifier Cardiovascular disease that are prone to clogged vessels Keep surgical graft open Prevent cerebrovascular occlusion Adjunct to thrombolytic therapy after MI and to prevent another MI
352
Antiplatelet Drugs
Coagulation modifier Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor
353
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor Class
Antiplatelet
354
Anticoagulant Agents
Coagulation Modifier Heparin Warfarin Rivaroxaban Apixaban Dabigatran Interfere with the normal cascade involved in the clotting process Prevent new clots from forming in atrial fibrillation, bed bound, certain surgical patients Prevent existing clots from getting bigger in DVT, pulmonary embolism, MI Genetic disorder by replacing missing part of clotting cascard
355
Anticoagulant Agents MOA
Coagulation Modifier Interfere with the normal cascade involved in the clotting process
356
Anticoagulant Agents Indications
Coagulation Modifier Prevent new clots from forming in atrial fibrillation, bed bound, certain surgical patients Prevent existing clots from getting bigger in DVT, pulmonary embolism, MI Genetic disorder by replacing missing part of clotting cascard
357
Anticoagulant Agents Drugs
Coagulation Modifier Heparin Warfarin Rivaroxaban Apixaban Dabigatran
358
Heparin Warfarin Rivaroxaban Apixaban Dabigatran Class
Anticoagulant Agents
359
Heparin Antidote and Clotting Lab
Protamine Sulfate PTT
360
Warfarin Antidote and Clotting Lab
Vitamin K PT/INR

NRS 155 Pharmacology (9 decks)

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