Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomical Kinesiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(116 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Study of mechanics as it relates to the function and anatomy of biological systems

A

Biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanical variables that describe the characteristics of a motion in time and space (things we can see with our own eyes)

A

Kinematics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

vector

A

direction and magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

scalar

A

distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The vector change in position of an object in a 2 or 3 dimensional space

A

Displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rate of change of displacement with respect to time

A

velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rate of change of velocity with respect to time

A

acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanical variables representing the forces responsible for causing changes in kinematics, resulting in movements (things we can’t see)

A

Kinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Newtons first law

A

a body in motion tends to remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Newtons second law

A

net force applied to a body will act to accelerate the object in the direction of force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

newtons third law

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

may propel the body or associate with the absorption of an impact.
Acts to change the kinematics of the human body

A

ground reaction force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a shear force expressed between two surfaces

A

friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

expression of forces that cause angular motion

A

torque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

to produce torque what 2 components are needed

A
  1. axis of rotation (joint center)
  2. Force applied at a perpendicular distance away from the joint center
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1st class lever

A

effort force and resistance force are located on opposite sides of the lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2nd class lever

A

the effort force and resistance force are located on same side of lever. effort force is located further away from the axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3rd class lever

A

the effort force and resistance force are located on same side of lever. effort force is located closer to axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

main contributions to human movement in the foot and ankle

A
  1. foot and ankle apply forces to the ground and receive ground reaction forces
  2. disperse body weight and GRFs across bone and soft tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two arches that help to distribute impact forces, maintain balance, and propel the body forward in gait

A

Longitudinal arch (medial and lateral)
Transverse arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Characteristics of the medial longitudinal arch

A
  1. highly elastic
  2. assists in distributing forces through the foot
  3. assists in propelling the body forward in gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characteristics of the lateral longitudinal arch

A
  1. Rigid (good for stability)
  2. Assists in maintaining balance
  3. Assists in distributing forces through the foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Characteristics of the transverse arch

A
  1. assists in distributing forces through the foot
  2. assists in propleling the body forward in gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what gives arches their elasticity in the foot
helps stabilize the longitudinal arches

A

plantar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the order of body weight transfer from the tibia and down
tibia to talus to calcaneus
26
Bone that is wider on the anterior side with provides more ankle stability when the foot moves into doriflexion vs plantar flexion
Talus
27
What are the 5 tarsals in the foot
Navicular 3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediat, lateral) cuboid
28
these act as pulleys for muscles wrapping around posteriorly on the tibia and fibula
Lateral and medial malleoli
29
Skeletal muscle insersions in the foot
1. Inner surface of medial cuneiform 2. basses of all metatarals 3. superior and inferior surfaces of distal phalanxes 4. posterior calcaneus
30
Talocrural joint Articulation Motion
articulation - talus tibia and fibula motion- plantarflexion (20 degrees from neutral) and dorsiflexion (50 degrees from neutral) internal and external rotation
31
Subtalar and Transverse tarsal joints Articulation motion
articulation - talus and calcaneus (subtalar) Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and calcaneus (transverse tarsal) Motion - inversion (30 degrees) and eversion (15 degrees)
32
High ankle sparin
distal interosseous membrane can be sprained. Usually from inversion of the ankle while positioned in dosriflexion
33
What is injured during a lateral ankle sprain with neutral foot alignment
Calcaneofibular ligament
34
What is injuring during a lateral ankle sprain with planar flexed alignment
Anterior talofibular ligament
35
What joint helps with foot clearance
knee joint
36
what muscles work together to take stress off the knee joint
hamstrings and quadriceps (dynamic stabilizers)
37
what allows the feet to push into the ground with more force
the knee joint transferring muscle force from the large muscles of the thigh and core to the lower leg
38
two major rigid structures supporting the knee joint
femur and tibia
39
these articulate to form the knee joint
femoral and tibial condyles
40
why is the medial femoral condyle larger than the lateral femoral condyle
the long axis of the femur runs slightly toward the midline of the body (q line)
41
does the fibula have articulation with the knee
no
42
sesamoid bone that pushes the quadriceps muscle force further away from the joint center
patella
43
Key bony landmarks in the knee
superior/inferior poles of patella tibial tuberosity gerdys tubercle medial/lateral femoral epicondyles upper anteromedial surface of tibia head of fibula
44
gliding joint that increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle group
patellofemoral joint
45
When the knee is flexed 30 degrees what motion can it also do
internal and external rotation
46
Static stability in the knee
bony stability strong ligaments menisci
47
dynamic stability in the knee
activation of skeletal muscles acting primarily in the sagittal plane
48
where are the menisci thicker
on the medial knee (q angle)
49
Commonly injured in sport play during foot planting, cutting, or when an external force is applied to the posterior aspect of the tibia
ACL
50
What to focus on for neuromuscular triaing for ACL prevention
1. Frontal plane knee stability 2. landing and cutting biomechanics 3. core strength 4. extremity strength imbalances
51
injured when an external force is applied to the anterior aspect of the tibia
PCL
52
Commonly injured when an external force is applied to the lateral aspect of the tibia
MCL
53
lateral ligament of the knee
LCL
54
What does having a strong core do
makes humans more effective at transmitting force from the large muscles of the hip and thigh to the feet, where they can be applied to the ground
55
Q angle
formed from ASIS to midline of patella
56
Locate femur femoral head and greater trochanter
femur- long bone femoral head- round end that connects hip joint greater trochanter- most superior point that is lateral
57
What does the pelvic girdle consist of
right and left pelvic bones that are joined together posteriorly by the sacrum
58
What does each pelvic bone consist of
ilium, ischium and pubis
59
Key bony landmarks in anterior pelvis
1. iliac crest 2. Anterior superior iliac spine 3. Anterior inferior iliac spine
60
Key bony landmarks in the posterior pelvis
1. iliac crest 2. sacrum/coccyx 3. ischial tuberosity 4. pubis
61
Where is the pubic sympysis and what type of joint is it
inferior joint between pelvic bones amphiarthrodial
62
Where is the sacroiliac joints and what type of joint is it
connects the lower appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton amphiarthodial
63
diarthrodial ball and socket joint that permits movement in all 3 planes
acetabulofemoral
64
Static stabilization of the acetabulofemoral joint
strong, dense ligaments help prevent dislocation and extreme ROM
65
Iliofemoral ligament
prevents anterior dislocation and may restrict hip extension
66
pubofemoral ligament
prevents anterior dislocation and may restrict hip extension and abduction
67
ischiofemoral ligament
prevents posterior dislocation and may restrict internal rotation
68
What movements occur in the sagittal plane of the hip joint with ROM
Flexion- 120 degrees from neutral extension - 30 degrees from neurtral
69
What movements occur in the frontal plane of the hip joint with ROM
abduction - 45 degrees from neutral adduction - 20 degrees from neutral
70
What movements occur in the transverse plane of the hip joint with ROM
internal rotation - 35 degrees from neutral External rotation - 45 degrees from neutral
71
Horizontal abduction of the hip
frontal plane abduction of a flexed hip 60 degrees from neutral
72
Horizontal adduction of th hip
Frontal plane adduction of a flexed hip 40 degrees from neutral
73
Pelvic girdle sagittal plane movement
Anterior rotation Posterior rotation
74
Pelvic girdle frontal plane movement
Right lateral rotation Left lateral rotation
75
Pelvic girdle transverse plane movement
Right transverse rotation Left transverse rotation
76
Sagittal plane movement of the knee
flexion and extension 150 degrees from neutral
77
Transverse plane movement of the knee
Internal rotation (30 degrees) external rotation (45 degrees)
78
What plexus innervates all lower extremity muscles
Lumbar and sacral plexuses
79
Posterior component of the ankle and foot muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus
80
Posterior component of the foot ank ankle major action
Plantar flexion Toe Flexion (secondary action, inversion)
81
Gastrocnemius Major action Assists with
Major action: Plantar flexion Assists with: knee flexion
82
Soleus Major action
Plantar flexion
83
Tibialis Posterior Major actions
Plantar flexion Inversion
84
Flexor digitorum longus Major action Assists with
Major action: flexion of toes 2-5 Assists with: plantar flexion and inversion
85
Flexor Hallucis Longus Major action Assists with
Major action: flexion of great toe (1) Assists with: plantar flexion and inversion
86
Lateral compartment muscles of the ankle and foot
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis
87
Lateral compartment of the foot and ankle major action
Eversion
88
Peroneus longus Major action Assists with
Major action: eversion Assists with:plantar flexion
89
Peroneus Brevis major action Assists with
major action: eversion Assists with: plantar flexion
90
Anterior compartment muscles of the ankle and foot
Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior
91
Anterior compartment of the ankle and foot major actions
Dorsiflexion and to extension
92
Peroneus Tertius Major action assists with
Major action: dorsiflexion Assists with: eversion
93
Extensor Digitorum Longus Major action Assists with
major action: extension of toes 2-5 Asists with: dorsiflexion and eversion
94
Extensor Hallucis Longus Major action assists with
Major action: extension of the great toe (1) Assists with: dorsiflexion and inversion
95
Tibialis anterior Major action Assists with
Major action: dorsiflexion Assists with: inversion
96
Anterior compartment of the knee major action
Extension
97
Rectus femoris Major action in knee
Knee extension
98
Vastus Lateralis Major action in knee
Knee extension
99
Vastus intermedius Major action in knee
Knee extension
100
Vastus medius major action in knee
Knee extension
101
Posterior compartment of knee major action
Flexion
102
Biceps femoris Major action in knee
Knee flexion Knee external rotation (when knee is flexed)
103
Semimembranosus Major action in knee
Knee flexion knee internal rotation (when knee is flexed)
104
Semitendinosus Major action in knee
Knee flexion Knee internal rotation
105
Sartorius Major action in knee Assists with
Major action: knee flexion Assists with: knee internal rotation
106
Gracilis assists with in knee
Knee flexion Knee internal rotation
107
Popliteus major action in knee
Knee flexion Knee internal rotation
108
Rectus femoris major action in hip and pelvis
Hip flexion Anterior pelvic rotation
109
Sartorius Major action in hip and pelvis
Hip flexion Anterior pelvic rotation External hip rotation
110
Gluteus medius Major action in hip and pelvis Assists with
Major action: hip abduction Ipsilateral lateral pelvic rotation Assists with: hip flexion, internal hip rotation, anterior pelvic rotation, hip extension, external hip rotation, posterior pelvic roation
111
Gluteus Minimus Major action in hip and pelvis Assists with
Major action: hip abduction, internal hip rotation Assists with: hip flexion, anterior pelvic roation, ipsilateral lateral pelvic rotation
112
Gluteus Maximus Major action in the hip and pelvis Assits with
Major actions: hip extension, external hip rotation, posterior pelvic rotation, contralateral transverse pelvic rotation, ipsilateral lateral pelvic rotation Assists with: hip abduction, hip adduction
113
Adductor magnus Major actoin in hip and pelvis Assists with
Major action: hip adduction, external hip rotation Assists with: hip extension
114
Adductor longus Major action in hip and pelvis Assists with
Major action: hip adduction assists with: hip flexion, anterior pelvic rotation
115
Tensor fascia latae Major action in hip and pelvis
hip abduction hip flexion internal hip rotation anterior pelvic rotation ipsilateral lateral pelvic rotation
116

Anatomical Kinesiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions