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NSG > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

born between 38-42 weeks

A

Full term infant

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2
Q

Less than 38 weeks

A

premature infant

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3
Q

more than 42 weeks

A

Post mature infant

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4
Q

babies are full term less than 5 pounds 8 ounces

A

small for gestational age

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5
Q

Babies more than 10 pounds may be preterm or full term

A

Large for gestational age

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6
Q

traumatic labor and delivery, interruptions in blood supply and nutrients, infections

A

Stillbirths

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7
Q

checks baby’s heart rate, muscle tone to check for medical care.

A

Apgar score

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8
Q

Head is larger than body
random movements
Large eyes, small nose and chin

A

general appearance

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9
Q

spread out their arm, pull arms in and cry. Startled by loud noise

A

Moro(startle)

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10
Q

head is turned to the same side of their outstretched arm and their other arm in bent. to protect their heads

A

Tonic head

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11
Q

when object is placed in palm fingers wrap around the object

A

palmar (grasp)

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12
Q

hold the infant up with their feet on surface and they will act like they are walking

A

stepping

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13
Q

stroke the bottom of the foot and toes will fan out

A

Babinski

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14
Q

types of malnutrition

A

-insufficient quantity of food
-Inadequate nutritional quality of food

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15
Q

vision senses

A

-visions not developed at birth
-3-4 months can use motion, shape, spatial positioning
-color come around 6 month
-can imitate facial expression of others

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16
Q

hearing senses

A

-Hearing
startled by loud sounds
-Hearing get better when fluid all leaves the ear

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16
Q

Taste, smell, touch

A

-can distinguish
between sweet, salty,
sour and bitter tastes
- React negatively to strong
odors
-As early as 4 days can
identify their mothers
smell
-Sense of touch is
developed preterm

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16
Q

basic unit of meaning

A

Morpheme

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16
Q

basic unit of language

A

Phonemes

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17
Q

how meaning is assigned to morphemes

A

semantics

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18
Q

how words are combined into meaningful sentences

A

syntax

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19
Q

the rules of combining language

A

grammar

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20
Q

Motor skills
(5 to 8)

Study These Flashcards
A

Gross motor
-use of large muscles or whole body
-crawling and walking
-social games
Fine motor
-use of hand and finger
-requires coordination and dexterity
-reaching, grasping, mouthing

21
Q

Plasticity

Study These Flashcards
A

the degree to which the brain can be modified through experience

22
sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)
sudden death of a baby younger than 1 year of age that doesn't have a known cause
23
Shaken baby syndrome
brain injury caused by shaking infant -brain swells, bruises, bleeds
24
Temperament
Easy- positive mood, regular routines, adapts to new people/situation Difficult- cries often, negative mood, irregular routine, difficulties with changes and new situations Slow to warm up-positive and negative moods, moderately reg. routine, slow to adjust to people not categorized- they display a combination of all the temperament
25
Secure attachment
-engages with other when mother is around -negative emotions when she leaves - when she returns child greets mom
26
avoidant attachment
-does not show emotions to mother or stranger -does not seek mother out when she return -acts same with stranger and mother -focuses on the environment
27
Anxious/Resistant
-child irritated when stranger enters -child to stressed when mother leaves -when mother returns the child is upset moves away from her
28
disorganized/disoriented
-Child is distressed when mom leaves and may sense a relief when she returns -child may show anger and not let mother comfort -mother who experience trauma right before birth or depression had children with this attachment style
29
Toilet training
to early or too strict could produce anal fixation which will interfere with development moving forward
30
Anal-retentive individuals
this group may have experienced overly strict and harsh potty training as children and may grow to be obsessed with orderliness and tidiness
31
Anal-expulsive individuals
this group experience very lax potty training resulting in them being very messy and disorganized as adults
32
Discipline
infant/toddle -remove and distract -be consistent -be gentle but firm -role model preschooler -consistent -follow through -role modeling -immediate feedback -logical outcomes -self disclosure or ownership of the behavior -appropriate time out
33
Development of play(pre-school)
-2 years old ;solitary play -3-4 years; onlookers, parallel play -4-6 years; associative play, cooperative play -5-7 years; cooperative play
34
types of aggression
Hostile-behavior intended to hurt someone Instrumental- not intended to hurt someone but still does assertiveness- standing up for one's rights
35
Lateralization
the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other
36
Intellectual disability(IQ)
mild- 55 to 70 moderate -40 to 55 severe -25 to 40 profound- below 25
37
Habitual response (pre-schools)
-eating -sleeping -elimination -unique habits
38
Negative effects on brain development( pre-school)
-poor nutrition lack of stimulation injury metabolic or other medical problems toxins
39
language development (pre-school)
-full conversation -self talk and monologues -express words and concepts
40
cognitive domain( pre-school)
Information processors Memory -recognition -recall build on experiences and events
41
Theorist (pre-schools)
-Freud: Phallic stage -Erikson: initiative VS guilt -Piaget: preoperational -Vygotsky: Scaffolding – learning to achieve independence – Zone of Proximal Development – what you can do with and without help – Private speech – helps to regulate behavior
42
habitual response(middle school)
-diet obesity body image concerns -sleep night terrors and nightmares -elimination encopresis- passing small amount of stool enuresis-bedwetting.
43
cognitive development(middle school)
Thinking more logic reversible flexible complex
44
Piaget and learning
Piaget believed children are better off when they learn at their own pace and that learning is best when it is intrinsically motivated rather than extrinsically rewarded
45
Learning (middle school) six Rs
Remembering Repeating Reasoning Reorganizing Relating Reflecting
46
Gender differences(middle school)
Girls perform better in verbal skills Guys perform better in quantitative and spatial tasks
47
IDEA
mandates the right of all children to a free and appropriate education.
48
ADHD
-Inattention has a hard time focusing losses stuff -Hyperactivity restless, talks a lot, multi tasking -Impulsivity difficulty thinking before acting, interrupts others
49
AUTISM
-Social interaction no response,no smiling, can't make friends poor eye contact -Communication no pointing, no single word repetitive use of language -Behavior non-functional play, lining up toys restrictive patterns of interest repetitive motions
50
Personality development(middle school)
-Self concept attribute specific traits, compare themselves make friend outside of family
51
Theorist (middle-school)
-Erikson: industry vs inferiority
52
Kohlberg: moral dilemmas
Preconventional – obey rules to avoid punishment Conventional – conform for approval Postconventional – based on moral principle

NSG (7 decks)

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