Exam 2 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
What are the basic states of the periodontium?
A
Health
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
2
Q
Describe the clinical picture of health for the periodontium.
A
Pink
Firm
No bleeding
3
Q
Describe the histological healthy sulcus for the periodontium.
A
JE coronal to CEJ
Supragingival fibers intact
Alveolar bone intact
PDL intact
4
Q
Reversable tissue damage
A
Gingivitis
5
Q
Describe the clinical picture of gingivitis.
A
Red
Swollen
Likely bleeding
6
Q
Describe the histological ginigival pocket for gingivitis.
A
JE at CEJ
Supragingival fiber
destruction
Alveolar bone intact
PDL intact
7
Q
How long does it take for gingivitis to become visibly noticeable after plaque biofilm accumulates in gingival sulcus?
A
4 to 14 days
8
Q
How long does chronic gingivitis last?
A
Months to years
9
Q
Gingival enlargement due to swelling
A
Acute gingivitis
10
Q
Fibrosis
A
Chronic gingivitis
11
Q
Tarter
A
Calculus
12
Q
How immune system reacts
A
Host response
13
Q
Increased fluid and swelling
A
Edematous
14
Q
Red
A
Erythema
15
Q
Describe the microscopic picture of gingivitis.
A
- Hemidesmosomes still attached to enamel
- Reversable damage to gingival fibers
- No interaction to alveolar bone or PDL fibers
16
Q
Permanent tissue destruction
A
Periodontitis
17
Q
Describe the clinical picture of periodontitis.
A
Pink or purplish
Swollen or fibrotic
Bleeding
18
Q
Describe the histological periodontal pocket of periodontitis.
A
JE on cementum
Supragingival fiber destruction
Alveolar bone destruction
PDL destruction
19
Q
What are the characteristics of periodontitis?
A
- Apical migration of junctional epithelium
- Loss of connective tissue attachment
- loss of alveolar bone
20
Q
Tissue destruction in intermittent manner at different rates throughout mouth
A
FACT
21
Q
Interdental papillae may balloon out to be blunted
A
Periodontitis
22
Q
Exudate
A
Suppuration
23
Q
What comes with suppuration?
A
Puss
24
Q
How deep should a gingival pocket be?
A
4 mm or greater
25
What is the microscopic picture of periodontitis?
- Small ulcerations of pocket epithelium
- Expose underlying inflames connective tissue
26
What is the space between teeth called?
Pathologic tooth migration
27
What is inflammation a response to?
Injury or pathogenic invasion
28
What is the height of the crest of the alveolar bone?
2 to 3 mm apical to CEJ
29
What is the most common bone loss?
Horizontal
30
Even, overall height reduction of alveolar bone
Horizontal bone loss
31
Uneven reduction in height of alveolar bone
Vertical bone loss
32
Where does inflammation in horizontal bone loss go into?
Alveolar bone
PDL space
33
Where does inflammation of vertical bone loss go into?
-Within gingival connective tissue
-Alveolar bone
-Directly into PDL space
34
Base of defect extends apical to residual alveolar crest
Infrabony defect
35
What are the two types of defects?
Infrabony
Osseous
36
Bone reportion occurs in uneven, oblique direction
-Primarily affects one tooth
Infrabony defect
37
Interdental bone loss
- affects 2 adjacent teeth
Osseous crater
38
What forms an osseous crater?
Bone contour from facial to lingual dips apically
39
What occurs on multirooted tooth when periodontal infection invades area between and around root?
Bone loss in furcation area
40
What results in loss of alveolar bone between roots and may be hidden by gingival tissue?
Bone loss in furcation area
41
- Destruction of fibers and bone that supports teeth
- Spreads apically and laterally
Attachment loss in periodontal pocket
42
Areas of tissue destruction
Disease sites
43
Junctional epithelium attachment level stable over time
Inactive disease site
44
Shows continued apical migration of junctional epithelium
Active disease site
45
Areas of tissue destruction left by disease process
Periodontal pockets
46
What do periodontal pockets result from?
-Apical migration of junctional epithelium
-Destruction of PDL fibers & alveolar bone
47
How deep is an average healthy gingival sulcus?
1 to 3 mm
48
Where is the junctional epithelium coronal to?
CEJ
49
- Detachment of coronal portion of junctional epithelium
- Increased tissue size due to swelling of tissue
Pseudopockets
(false pockets)
50
- Occurs horizontal bone loss, but pocket base is coronal to alveolar crest
- Junctional epithelium located coronal to crest of alveolar bone
Suprabony pokcet
51
- Occurs with vertical bone loss
- Junctional epithelium is apical to crest of alveolar bone
Infrabony pocket
52
What are the ways pattern of disease progression may vary from?
- One person to another
- One site to another in person’s mouth
- One type of periodontal disease to another
53
Study of health and disease within total population and behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors
Epidemiology
54
What does epidemiology work to do?
-Determine occurrence and identify risk factors
-Provide current information about treatment and prevention
55
Multi-bacterial disease
Periodontitis
56
What is the most widespread disease within adult americans?
Periodontitis
57
What variables are associated with prevalence of disease?
o Gender
o Race/ethnicity
o Education status
o Age
o Behavior
o Access to dental care
58
What are the disease classification system steps?
- Grouping of entities based on differing characteristics
- Provided tools to understand etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment
- Evolves as new evidence-based knowledge develops
59
flap of tissue laying over surface of 3rd molar coming in
Operculum
60
Communicating clinical findings to other providers
Formulating diagnosis and treatment plan
Predicting treatment outcome – prognosis
Submitting information to insurance providers
Periodontal classification system
61
inflammation, redness related to biofilm
itis
62
What drugs cause gingiva to overgrow?
o Drugs people take to prevent seizures
o Immunosuppressant
o Cardio disease medicine
63
cancer
Neoplasm
64
What are gingival changes not related to biofilm?
o Aspirin burn
o Smokeless tobacco
65
What are forms of periodontitis?
o Necrotizing periodontal disease
o Periodontitis
o Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
66
What comes with necrotizing periodontal disease?
Manifests with tissue necrosis
Intense pain
Spontaneous bleeding
Odor
67
What is stage 1 of periodontitis?
initial periodontitis
68
What is stage 2 of periodontitis?
Moderate periodontitis
69
What is stage 3 of periodontitis?
severe periodontitis with potential for additional tooth loss
70
What is stage 4 of periodontitis?
severe periodontitis with potential for loss of the dentition
71
What is grade A of periodontitis?
slow rate of disease progression
72
What is grade B of periodontitis?
moderate rate of disease progression
73
What is grace C of periodontitis?
rapid rate of disease progression
74
What is localized?
one or two teeth
75
What is generalized?
Throughout the mouth
76
What are some other conditions affecting the periodontium?
- Systemic diseases
- Periodontal absences and endodontic lesions
- Mucogingival deformities
- Traumatic occlusal forces
- Tooth and prothesis related factors
77
What is an example of a systematic disease?
Diabetes
78
What is an example of periodontal absences and endodontic lesions?
Treatment on pulp or root canals
79
What is an example of mucogingival deformities?
Aberrant frenum, recession, lack of attached gingiva
80
What is an example of traumatic occlusal forces?
Primary and secondary
81
What is an example of tooth and prosthesis related factors?
Root concavities and grooves, restorative tissue
82
What are some peri-implant diseases and conditions?
o Peri-implant health
o Peri-implant mucositis
o Peri-implantitis
o Peri-implant soft and hard tissue deficiencies
83
What is traumatic occlusal?
How teeth fit together
84
What is secondary occlusal trauma?
Trauma from occlusion from an already compromised periodontium
85
What is primary occlusal trauma?
Trauma on healthy periodontium
