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Periodontology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are modifiable systemic risk factors?

A

Type 2 diabetes
Tobacco use

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2
Q

What are non-modifiable systemic risk factors?

A

Type 1 diabetes
Genetic influences

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3
Q

Periodontal health declines as what climbs?

A

Blood sugar

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4
Q

What are the oral complications of poorly controlled diabetes?

A

o Reduced salivary flow
o Abscess formation
o Cheilosis
o Burning mouth/tongue

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5
Q

o Altered hyperinflammatory response to infection
o Imbalance bone destruction and repair

A

uncontrolled/poorly controlled diabetes on periodontium

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6
Q

occurs when glucose binds to biomolecules, transforming them into harmful, tissue-destructive molecules

A

Glycation

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7
Q

o Inextricably links collagen fibers together
o AGE-modified collagen can occur in blood vessel walls
o Implicated in diabetes-related complications such as Neuropathy, retinopathy, & nephropathy

A

Cross-Linking of AGEs

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8
Q

What does AGE-RAGE interaction contribute to?

A

o Increased inflammation
o Insulin resistance
o Impaired tissue repair

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9
Q

 Beneficial because it physiologically prepares body to respond to fight-or-flight situation
 Essential adaptive instinct for survival

A

Acute stress

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10
Q

o Maladaptive; impedes homeostasis
o Mediated by cortisol

A

Chronic stress

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11
Q

What can chronic stress effects manifest as?

A

Anxiety
Depression
Impaired cognition
Altered self-esteem

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12
Q

pyogenic granuloma

A

Pregnancy benign tumor
Localized overgrowth of tissue

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13
Q

o Natural condition in fourth to sixth decades
o Estrogen levels fluctuate
o Many drastic physical and behavioral changes
o Estrogen declines can lead to systemic bone loss

A

Menopause on periodontium

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14
Q

A reduction in bone mass making the woman more prone to bone fractures

A

Osteoporosis

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15
Q

A condition in which there is a lower-than-average bone density but not necessarily an increase in risk or incidence of bone fracture

A

Osteopenia

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16
Q

Cluster of related metabolic disturbances that tend to occur together and initiate proinflammatory state

A

Metabolic syndrome

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17
Q

o Having three or more components significantly associated with higher risk of periodontitis
o May influence progression of periodontitis by contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation

A

Metabolic syndrome

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18
Q

o Increase risk for certain cancers and infections
o Has profound effect on cellular immunity
o Delays healing following tooth extraction

A

HIV/AIDS

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19
Q

o Gingival manifestation of HIV infection
o 2 to 3mm marginal band of intense erythema in free gingiva
o Exaggerated intensity

A

Linear gingival erythema

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20
Q

Safe to perform periodontal therapy if patient has undetectable viral level and high CD4+ count

A

HIV infected

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21
Q

Disorder characterized by presence of abnormally few numbers of neutrophils in blood

A

Neutropenia

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22
Q

o Increases susceptibility to infection and periodontal disease
o Treat acute periodontal exacerbations by removal of local causative factors
o Patients considered immunocompromised

A

Neutropenia

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23
Q

What are down syndrome people more at risk for?

A

Congenital heart defect
Infection
Respiratory problems
GI abnormalities
Childhood leukemia

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24
Q

o Rapid cancer of blood cells, usually white blood cells
o Usually benign in bone marrow

A

Leukemia

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25
o Inflammation of oral mucous membranes associated with chemotherapy o Caused localized or generalized sloughing of mucosal surfaces
Oral mucositis complication
26
o Occurs if radiation therapy damages salivary glands o Can diminish taste perception and ability to swallow
Xerostomia
27
What are the common side effects of certain medications?
o Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin o Immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine o Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine
28
o Plays significant role in periodontal disease o Always covered with layer of living bacteria
Calculus
29
o Developmental anomaly extending from palatal surface to root surface o Most often seen on maxillary lateral incisors
Palatoradicular groove
30
Natural feature often found on mesial root surface of maxillary first premolar
Root concavity
31
o Flat, triangular-shaped projection of enamel o Projection in direction of furcation o Often found on root trunks of molar teeth
Cervical enamel projection
32
Can cause alveolar bone resorption if it encroaches on 2mm zone coronal to alveolar crest
Inappropriate crown placement
33
Junctional epithelium + connective tissue attachment =
Supracrestal tissue attachment
34
overgrowth of tissue from trauma
Epulis
35
Damage to oral tissues deliberately caused by patient
Factitious injury
36
intentional injury to tissues to deliberately feign or exaggerated symptom with goal of receiving reward
Malingering
37
Injury to healthy periodontium due to excessive occlusal forces
Primary trauma
38
Injury from normal or excessive occlusal forces applied to previously damaged periodontium
Secondary trauma
39
What can readapt to root surfaces as inflammation resolves?
Epithelial tissue
40
Adaptation of epithelial cells to the root surface
Long junctional epithelium
41
What are the treatments of dentinal hypersensitivity?
o Stannous fluoride o Potassium containing agent o Bonding/filling material
42
How long must patients wait to be reevaluated after NPT?
4-6 weeks
43
Reevaluation after NPT is mostly assessment, what are the indications to continue treatment at the appt.?
Affected sites bleeding/inflammed Remaining calculus
44
o Safe for root surface o Subgingivaly
Glycine air polishing
45
Return of disease in patient previously successfully treated for periodontitis
Periodontal disease recurrence
46
Periodontitis resistant to treatment from outset of therapy, even with what appears to be appropriate therapy
Refactory periodontitis
47
o Yellowish to light brown o May be covered with biofilm o Usually begins at free gingival margin
Root caries
48
What are more vulnerable to demineralization?
Root surfaces
49
What do root surfaces demineralize at a pH of?
6.2 to 6.7
50
Trench-like depression in root surface
Root concavity
51
What are the implications for diabetes-related complications?
Neuropathy Retinopathy Nephropathy
52
What stimulates cells to produce and release proinflammatory cytokines?
Binding AGE to RAGE
53
What behavioral changes have detrimental effects on periodontal health?
Stress
54
-Abnormal PMN function in about half of patients -IQ in mild to moderate range of mental retardation -Severe and rapid periodontal breakdown common -Many lose permanent anterior teeth in early teens -Etiology of periodontitis related to altered immune response from underlying genetic disorder
Down syndrome
55
What are the organic & inorganic portions of calculus?
Organic: 10-30% Inorganic: 70-90%
56
What does organic calculus include?
Materials from biofilm Dead epithelial & white blood cells
57
Newly formed calculus deposit
Brushite
58
Primary form in deposits less than 6 months old
Octacalcium phosphate
59
Primary form in deposits older than 6 months
Hydroxyapatite
60
Thin, bacteria-free membrane that forms on tooth surface during late stages of eruption
Pellicle
61
-Result from unconscious or conscious tooth-to-tooth contact when not in act of eating -Include clenching and bruxism
Parafunctional Occlusal Forces
62
What is not synonymous with dental prophylaxis?
Periodontal maintenance therapy
63
What are the goals of periodontal maintenance therapy?
-Minimize recurrence and progression -Reduce tooth loss -Increase detection and treatment
64
Whats the insurance code for Adult Prophylaxis (Four Quadrants)?
D1110
65
Whats the insurance code for Child Prophylaxis (Four Quadrants)?
D1120
66
Whats the insurance code for Periodontal Scaling and Root Planing—Four or More Teeth Per Quadrant?
D4341
67
Whats the insurance code for Periodontal Scaling and Root Planing—One to Three Teeth Per Quadrant?
D4342
68
Whats the insurance code for periodontal maintenance?
D4910L
69
Whats the insurance code for Full Mouth Debridement to Enable Comprehensive Evaluation and Diagnosis?
D4355

Periodontology (5 decks)

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