Exam 2

Question 1

Effect of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

increased gastrointestinal motility

Question 2

effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

increased heart rate

Question 3

from what level of the spinal cord do preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise

Answer 3

T1-L2

Question 4

pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from what spinal levels

Answer 4

S2-S4

Question 5

the vagus nerve carries what type of fibers

Answer 5

parasympathetic fibers

Question 6

what cranial nerve does not contain parasympathetic fibers

Answer 6

trigeminal nerve

Question 7

what name is given to a parasympathetic ganglion that is contained within an organ

Answer 7

intramural ganglia

Question 8

the sympathetic (adrenergic) effect upon the iris will cause which of the following to occur?

Answer 8

increase in pupil size

Question 9

what is the name of the middle muscular layer of the heart?

Answer 9

myocardium

Question 10

what region does not drain blood into the inferior vena cava

Answer 10

left forearm and hand

Question 11

the fossa ovalis/foramen ovale is located in what structure

Answer 11

interatrial septum

Question 12

what valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 12

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 13

which of the following carried deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 13

pulmonary arteries

Question 14

what is the correct name for the adult structure that connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta?

Answer 14

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 15

oxygenated blood from the lungs empties into what chamber of the heart?

Answer 15

left atrium

Question 16

what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

Answer 16

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 17

what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Answer 17

aortic semilunar valve

Question 18

the right and left coronary arteries arise just beyond what heart valve

Answer 18

aortic semilunar valve

Question 19

what artery is posterior to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 19

Left coronary artery

Question 20

what two veins empty into the coronary sinus

Answer 20

great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein

Question 21

the coronary sinus empties into what chamber of the heart

Answer 21

right atrium

Question 22

cardiac muscles is not

Answer 22

only capable of using glucose as a fuel source

Question 23

from which structure does the electric activity in the heart arise

Answer 23

SA node

Question 24

what area of the conduction system “catches” the electrical signal and briefly holds onto the signal before passing the signal on to the next area

Answer 24

AV node

Question 25

what ion continually leaks into the SA node causing depolarization (pacemaker potential)

Answer 25

sodium

Question 26

the left vagus nerve decreases the heart rate by innervating which of the following

Answer 26

av node

Question 27

what is the resting membrane potential for a cardiac muscle cell

Answer 27

-90 mV

Question 28

what is the rest membrane potential for a heart conducting cell (nodal cell)

Answer 28

-60 mV

Question 29

what ion enters nodal cells during the depolarization phase

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

what ion enters the contractile cells during the plateau phase

Answer 30

calcium

Question 31

if a person ECG shows no P-wave where may the problem be located

Answer 31

no SA node activity

Question 32

what occurs during atrial systole (contraction)

Answer 32

volume of blood that has filled the ventricles is called the end-systolic volume (ESV)

Question 33

the contraction of ventricles without ejection of blood is called

Answer 33

isovolumetric contraction

Question 34

which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?

Answer 34

semilunar valves open and blood is moving into the pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 35

what is an individual's end diastolic volume (EDV) if stroke volume is 65ml and end systolic volume is 85ml

Answer 35

150 ml

Question 36

a person's heart rate is found to be excessively high, which of the following would decrease the heart rate?

Answer 36

beta blocker drugs

Question 37

what negative chronotropic agent would decrease the heart rate

Answer 37

beta-blocker drugs

Question 38

what positive chronotropic agent increases cAMP and heart rate

Answer 38

caffein

Question 39

parasympathetic innervation to the heart results in which of the following

Answer 39

binding of ACH to voltage gated K+ channels causing hyperpolarization as K+ leaves cells

Question 40

venous return (preload), inotropic agents and afterload can directly alter which of the following?

Answer 40

stroke volume

Question 41

which of the following describes the protective mechanism of the hear that prevents the atria from overfilling

Answer 41

atrial reflex

Question 42

which of the following correctly describes a sinusoid

Answer 42

contain large discontinuous pores in the endothelium and basement membrane

Question 43

what is the name of the structure that allows blood to pass directly from the arteriole side of a capillary bed to the venule side without entering the capillaries?

Answer 43

Merarteriole/thoroughfare channel

Question 44

which of the following describes a circulatory route that consists of two capillary beds

Answer 44

portal system

Question 45

which of the following substances acts as a vasodialator

Answer 45

histamine

Question 46

which of the following statements is correct regarding the arterial side of capillary bed

Answer 46

net hydrostatic pressure forces fluid (plasma) from the blood into tissues

Question 47

approximately what percent of interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed at the venous end of the capillary bed?

Answer 47

10-15%

Question 48

what artery would have the weakest pulse

Answer 48

dorsalis pedis artery

Question 49

in which of the following would the blood flow be the slowest

Answer 49

capillaries

Question 50

in which of the following would the blood pressure be the lowest

Answer 50

veins