Exam 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Absolute refractory period vs Relative refractory period
Absolute: no new action potential
Relative: new action potential can occur
difference btw twitch and tetanus
twitch: single brief contraction from a single stimuli
tetanus: sustained contraction from multiple stimuli
Difference between incomplete and complete tetanus
Incomplete tetanus: waves, series of stimuli, partially relaxed between contractions
Complete tetanus: no waves, sustained contraction with no relaxation
Ways to increase/decrease muscle contraction
- more stimulation
- more number of fibers contracting
- length of sarcomere
most easily dislocated joint
TMJ
Easily moveable joint
Ball and socket joint
Easily injured joint
Knee joint (meniscal tear)
Slow oxidative fibers
- Aerobic
- for endurance
- small size
Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic fibers
- Aerobic + Anaerobic
- strength + endurance
- medium size
Fast Glycolytic fibers
- Anaerobic
- short burst of energy
- large size
Characteristics of muscles
Cats can eat every egg
Contractility
conductivity
Sarcolemma
Cell membrane around muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- surrounds each myofibril
- regulates calcium
Describe the A band, I band, Z disc, and M line
A band - dark, contains thick and thin filament
I band - light band, only contains thin filament, shortens during contraction
Z disc - line between different sarcomeres
M line - in the middle of sarcomere
What is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
3 ways to generate ATP for contraction
Creatine phosphate pathway: CP = ADP = ATP
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic respiration
What is the neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction
Acetylcholine (ACh)
How does ACh stimulate muscle contraction
ACh released into synaptic cleft & binds to receptors on sarcolemma
Describe motor unit at neuromuscular junction
menisci
fibrocartilage
bursae
sac of synovial fluid
types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis and symphysis; hyline and fibrocartilage
most common
