exam 2

Question 1

the energy to charge ATP’s comes from?

Answer 1

the breaking of chemical bonds within glucose

Question 2

chemical energy is most often released by _____

Answer 2

breaking a bond within a molecule

Question 3

_____ and _____ rely on cellular respiration to make ATP which is why they perform cellular respiration

Answer 3

consumers and producers

Question 4

during which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced

Answer 4

electron transport chain

Question 5

final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur in the?

Answer 5

golgi apparatus

Question 6

how is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

Answer 6

DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins

Question 7

the principal role of _____ is to convert the chemical energy of sugars into chemical energy of ATP that fuel’s life’s processes.

Answer 7

cellular respiration

Question 8

what is the principal role of photosynthesis

Answer 8

to convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

Question 9

what is the stage of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

what stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Answer 10

glycolysis

Question 11

why is mitochondria useful in genetic studies?

Answer 11

mitochondria contain their own DNA

Question 12

respiration is called aerobic because it requires _____

Answer 12

oxygen

Question 13

the endosymbiosis theory states that both _____ and _____ used to both be free living bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 14

the long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth is called a _____

Answer 14

flagellum

Question 15

the passive transport of water is specifically called _____

Answer 15

osmosis

Question 16

the process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins

Answer 16

simple diffusion

Question 17

a type of passive transport that uses specialized proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membrane

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion

Question 18

the energy an object has because of its motion

Answer 18

kinetic

Question 19

stored energy in an object due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it

Answer 19

potential energy

Question 20

what are the main by products of cellular respiration

Answer 20

water and carbon dioxide

Question 21

what happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used for work?

Answer 21

it loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP

Question 22

what harvests energy from sugar molecules to make ATP

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

what harvests every from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar

Answer 23

chloroplasts

Question 24

an energy molecule is?

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

the process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen

Answer 25

anaerobic fermentation

Question 26

the capacity to do work is the definition of _____

Answer 26

energy

Question 27

the transport of large molecules into the cell is

Answer 27

endocytosis

Question 28

pick up high-energy electrons and carry them to the electron transport chain is the job of _____ during cellular respiration

Answer 28

NADH

Question 29

what is the main purpose of cellular respiration

Answer 29

to produce ATP

Question 30

what is the net production of ATP during glycolysis

Answer 30

2

Question 31

we have to _____ to help break down the sugar during glycolysis

Answer 31

breathe oxygen

Question 32

what passes through the nuclear pores?

Answer 32

RNA

Question 33

where are ribosomes located in the eukaryotic cells

Answer 33

the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

where does the citric acid cycle occur

Answer 34

in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 35

where does the electron transport chain occur

Answer 35

in the mitochondria

Question 36

what cellular structure is unique to plant and algae cells

Answer 36

chloroplasts

Question 37

what form of transport requires the expenditure of energy

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

what cells contain a plasma membrane

Answer 38

animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

Question 39

what organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules

Answer 39

lysosome

Question 40

what processes can be carried out by animals

Answer 40

cellular respiration

Question 41

what processes can be carried out by plants

Answer 41

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 42

sugar + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + ATP is the reaction of

Answer 42

cellular respiration

Question 43

a substance that goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and requires energy

Answer 43

active transport

Question 44

what structure regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

Answer 44

the plasma membrane

Question 45

cells in multicellular organisms sometimes have _____ so they can move things past the tissue where they are found

Answer 45

cilia