exam 3

Question 1

a test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier. the results generate a 50/50 ratio of phenotypes. the test subject is therefore _____

Answer 1

heterozygous

Question 2

when both of the alleles carry the same information

Answer 2

homozygous

Question 3

assuming complete dominance what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes

Answer 3

1:2:1

Question 4

all life is made up of cells and cells arise from preexisting cells is the

Answer 4

cell theory

Question 5

cells spend most of their lives in _____

Answer 5

interphase

Question 6

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a _____

Answer 6

chromatin

Question 7

dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of _____

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

during which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated

Answer 8

interphase

Question 9

genes are located on _____

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. these are called _____

Answer 10

linked genes

Question 11

how many chromosomes did you inherit from your father

Answer 11

23

Question 12

how many chromosomes would be present in a human white blood cell with two nuclei

Answer 12

92 chromosomes

Question 13

if a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II

Answer 13

12

Question 14

if genes are described as sex linked then they are _____

Answer 14

typically on the X chromosome

Question 15

what cells does mitosis make

Answer 15

somatic

Question 16

what cells does meiosis make

Answer 16

gametes

Question 17

is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

Answer 17

no, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is

Question 18

recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome are more commonly expressed in _____

Answer 18

males

Question 19

somatic cells are _____

Answer 19

diploid

Question 20

the offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically _____ to the parents

Answer 20

identical

Question 21

the recessive trait is expressed in an individual when _____

Answer 21

the individual has two recessive alleles

Question 22

upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) _____

Answer 22

zygote

Question 23

what are attached at the centromere

Answer 23

sister chromatids

Question 24

the cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis is what happens during

Answer 24

cytokinesis

Question 25

a picture of all the chromosomes in one person’s cell is called a _____

Answer 25

karyotype

Question 26

the stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Answer 26

cytokinesis

Question 27

what process can lead to an individual having too many or too few chromosomes

Answer 27

nondisjunction

Question 28

what produces genetically unique daughter cells

Answer 28

meiosis

Question 29

what separates during anaphase of mitosis

Answer 29

sister chromatids

Question 30

what separates during meiosis I

Answer 30

homologous chromosomes

Question 31

what type of cells do not undergo mitosis

Answer 31

gametes

Question 32

an individuals observable traits

Answer 32

phenotype

Question 33

the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 33

genotype

Question 34

when does crossing over occur

Answer 34

meiosis I

Question 35

when does the cell plate form during cell division

Answer 35

at the completion of plant cell mitosis

Question 36

nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms are the steps for what

Answer 36

mitosis

Question 37

random fertilization, independent assortment, and crossing over all generate

Answer 37

genetic variation during sexual reproduction

Question 38

what process generates a continuum of varying phenotypes

Answer 38

polygenic inheritance

Question 39

what processes require DNA to undergo duplication before it can process

Answer 39

meiosis and mitosis