Exam 2 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Unintended effect on the body resulting from therapeutic drug use, drug abuse, or interaction of drugs
A
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) or Adverse drug event (ADE)
2
Q
Very undesirable side effects with more serious consequences
A
Adverse effects
3
Q
Drugs that produce a response
A
Agonists
4
Q
Small, sterile, all-glass or plastic container used for medication
A
Ampule
5
Q
Drug that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness
A
Analgesic
6
Q
Serious and profound state of shock brought about by hypersensitivity to an allergen
A
Anaphylactic shock
7
Q
Severe allergic reaction (hypersensitivity)
A
Anaphylaxis
8
Q
Low red blood cell count
A
Anemia
9
Q
Drugs that block a response
A
Antagonists
10
Q
Withdrawal of fluid or cells
A
Aspiration
11
Q
Slanted part of a needle tip
A
Bevel
12
Q
Specialized relaxation technique using a machine that measures the degree of muscular tension with skin electrodes
A
Biofeedback
13
Q
Surgical excision of a small amount of tissue
A
Biopsy
14
Q
Warning on a prescription medication to alert the patient and health care provider about important safety concerns, such as serious side effects or life-threatening risks
A
“Black box” warning
15
Q
Bump, or visible elevation of the epidermis
A
Bleb
16
Q
Concentrated dose given in a short period of time
A
Bolus
17
Q
Lighted instrument used for viewing the interior of the tracheobronchial tree
A
Bronchoscope
18
Q
Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek
A
Buccal
19
Q
The inspection of the entire large intestine for polyps, areas of inflammation, and malignant lesions
A
Colonoscopy
20
Q
Gas (oxygen) delivered at positive pressure to keep alveoli open that would normally close upon expiration
A
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
21
Q
Reasons not to administer a drug
A
Contraindications
22
Q
Circular piece cut out by the sharp edges of a needle; the center
A
Core
23
Q
(1) The propagation of living organisms or tissue in special media conducive to their growth; (2) Values, beliefs, and practices shared by most individuals within a group of people
A
Culture
24
Q
The visual inspection of the interior of the bladder for the collection of biopsy specimens, collection of urine separately from each ureter, and treatment of various conditions
A
Cystoscopy
25
Break down
Degrade
26
Specified fluid used to dissolve a solute
Diluent
27
Technique of purposeful focusing of attention away from undesirable sensations and/or pain
Distraction
28
Stream of water or air directed against a part of the body or into a cavity
Douche
29
Process occurring when one drug modifies the action of another drug
Drug interaction
30
Tracing of the brain waves
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
31
Electronic medical record of drug orders and administration, in which nurses record the times at which doses of medication are given
Electronic medication administration record (eMAR)
32
Naturally occurring opiate-like peptides that modify the perception of pain
Endorphins
33
Instrument used to view inside a body cavity
Endoscope
34
Analgesia injected into the epidural space outside the dura mater to relieve pain
Epidural analgesia
35
The visual inspection of the upper digestive tract and the stomach to obtain specimens of gastric contents and to perform a biopsy on the stomach tissues
Gastroscopy
36
View of pain transmission as being controlled by a gate mechanism in the central nervous system
Gate control theory
37
Scale of measurement
Gauge
38
Drug name not protected by a trademark
Generic name
39
Pertaining to the buttocks
Gluteal
40
Guidance to use the imagination
Guided imagery
41
The time required for the plasma level of a drug to fall to half of a certain measured level
Half-life
42
Localized collection of clotted blood underneath the skin
Hematoma
43
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
44
Therapeutic suggestion, involving inducing a trancelike state using focusing and relaxation techniques and giving the patient suggestions that may be helpful after the return to an alert state of consciousness
Hypnosis
45
Area of the skin that feels hard
Induration
46
The act of forcing a liquid into a part or organ of the body
Injection
47
Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep at night
Insomnia
48
Institute formed to find ways to prevent medication errors
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
49
Into the dermis
Intradermal (ID)
50
Into the muscle
Intramuscular (IM)
51
Yellowness of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes, and excretions resulting from hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments; also called icterus
Jaundice
52
A decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes)
Leukopenia
53
The formation of fatty lumps under the skin caused by insulin injections
Lipohypertrophy
54
Opening or interior diameter of a needle; channel within a tube
Lumen
55
Stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues with varying degrees of hand pressure to decrease pain, produce relaxation, and/or improve circulation
Massage
56
Patient record of drug orders and administration, in which nurses record the times at which doses of medication are given
Medication administration record (MAR)
57
Procedure used to compare medications ordered currently with those the patient normally takes at home or took during the previous medical facility admission
Medication reconciliation
58
Focusing on an image or thought
Meditation
59
The curved, upper surface of a liquid being poured for dosage administration
Meniscus
60
Device that delivers a measured dose of an inhalant medication
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
61
Recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep during hours of wakefulness
Narcolepsy
62
A decrease in the number of neutrophils
Neutropenia
63
When a patient does not or is unable to adhere to the medical and treatment plan
Nonadherence
64
The state of sleep when the body receives the most rest
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
65
Drugs with anti-inflammatory properties that do not contain steroids
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
66
Points that the nurse needs to remember about a drug or needs to teach patients
Nursing implications
67
Having to do with the eyes
Ophthalmic
68
Having to do with the ear
Otic
69
Feeling of distress or suffering, caused by the stimulation of nerve endings
Pain
70
Group of tests
Panel
71
Analgesia doses controlled by the patient
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
72
The blood level at which a drug delivers its greatest action
Peak action
73
The highest and lowest blood level of a drug
Peak and trough
74
The study of a drugs effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and the mechanism of action
Pharmacodynamics
75
By mouth; orally
PO
76
Order written to give a medication when the patient requires it
PRN
77
The period of sleep during which the brain waves are fast and of low voltage and autonomic activities (heart rate and respiration) are irregular; type of sleep associated with dreaming
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
78
Technique for release of tension, which is helpful in reducing pain and in allowing the patient to obtain greater relief from pain medications
Relaxation
79
Structured method used to analyze serious adverse events in patient care
Root cause analysis
80
Results of unintended actions
Side effects
81
Condition in which a person will stop breathing for brief periods during sleep
Sleep apnea
82
Specimens for microscopic and cytologic study
Smears
83
Solid material that has been dissolved in a solution
Solute
84
Medication in the form of tiny time-released pellets within a capsule
Spansule
85
Order for a single dose of a medication to be given immediately
Stat order
86
Beneath the skin layers
Subcutaneous
87
Under the tongue
Sublingual
88
Combined interaction of drugs
Synergistic effect
89
Range or level of a drug in the blood that will produce a desired effect without causing toxic effects
Therapeutic range
90
Pertaining to a particular surface area of skin or mucous membrane
Topical
91
Harmful effects
Toxic effects
92
Manufacturers name for a drug or device, protected by a trademark
Trade name
93
Form of pain treatment that uses a small electrical stimulator attached to electrodes, which serves to block pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
94
Through the skin
Transdermal
95
Wand that emits sound waves
Transducer
96
Syringe with graduated measurements to 1 mL
Tuberculin syringe
97
Reaction characterized by reddened, slightly elevated patches known as wheals
Urticaria
98
Puncture of the vein with a needle
Venipuncture
99
Small bottle
Vial
100
Sticky or gummy; having a high degree of viscosity or resistance to flow; thick
Viscous
101
Injection technique causing a needle track, or pathway, in the shape of a "Z"
Z-trach technique
102
For how long before blood chemistry tests are food and drink usually withheld
8 to 12 hours
103
What blood test is performed to assess kidney function
Blood urea nitrogen
104
Records reflection of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues
Ultrasonography (sonogram)
105
Produces waves and lines that represent the electrical activity during the cardiac cycle
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
106
Endoscopic procedure that examines the entire large intestine for polyps, areas of inflammation, and malignant lesions
Colonoscopy
107
Procedure where a catheter is inserted into a vein or artery and threaded into the heart to obtain information about heart form and function
Cardiac catheterization
108
Procedure that involves the withdrawal of fluid or cells
Aspiration
109
It is necessary to rotate injection sites to...
Prevent fibrosis
110
The intradermal site is used when administering medications for...
Tuberculin testing
111
The parenteral route of injection that requires insertion of the needle at a 90-degree angle
Intramuscular
112
Mixing drugs that cause precipitation make the drug
Inactive
113
Withdrawing medications from an ampule requires
A filter needle
114
The preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants and newborns is the
Vastus lateralis and ventrogluteal muscles
115
The use of the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal muscles for injections can cause
Sciatic nerve injury
116
Medication absorption occurs most quickly with
Intramuscular injections
117
Anaphylaxis is a result of
An allergy to medication
118
What is the best insulin injection site
Lower abdomen
119
If a nurse doesn't understand a medication order, it is necessary for the nurse to...
Question the order
120
An order to give a medication as needed is called
PRN
121
Medications used to relieve pain are classified as
Analgesics
122
Digoxin is a
Drug that strengthens the heart
123
A tablet with a coating that does not dissolve until it is in the intestine is which form of drug
Enteric coated
124
A medication labeled for ophthalmic administration is prescribed for the
Eyes
125
Topical medications are often used to give medications to
Children
126
If a patient has difficulty swallowing a pill, the nurse may
Crush the pill and mix in food or juice
127
A complete drug order must contain the
Date and time the order was written and physicians signature
128
When using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), the patient should
Hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhalation, trying not to cough
129
What allows the patients to administer medication within safe boundaries based on their perception of pain
Patient-controlled analgesia
130
Pain that continues for months or even years
Chronic
131
What are the four phases of nociceptive pain
Transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation
132
The gate control theory views pain transmission as being controlled by a gate mechanism in the...
Central nervous system
133
What uses a stimulator attached to electrodes that transmit current to block pain
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
134
What method of analgesia is administered through a fine catheter inserted near the base of the spine
Epidural
135
How many stages of sleep occur in the sleep cycle
Four
136
The condition in which a person stops breathing for brief periods during sleep
Sleep apnea
137
The strongest warning a drug can receive from the FDA is a
Black box warning
138
The composition of a particular form of a drug is designed to affect
Absorption and metabolism in the body
139
The FDA approves drug marketing for drugs that are
Safe and effective
140
The responsibility for the security of controlled drugs is shared responsibility of the nurse and the
Pharmacist
141
What route has the most rapid absorption rate
Intravenous
142
... refers to a drugs ability to dissolve, be absorbed, and be transported in the body to its desired site of action
Bioavailability
143
The less specific the drugs action, the more ... the drug may have
Side effects
144
The range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect
Therapeutic range
