Exam 2 Full Overview Flashcards
1
Q
The lowest superficial part of the heart, usually located at the fifth intercostal space
A
Apex
2
Q
Absence of breathing
A
Apnea
3
Q
Any variation from the normal rhythm of a heartbeat
A
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
4
Q
Listening for sounds produced with the body, usually with a stethoscope
A
Auscultation
5
Q
Period where no sound is heard
A
Auscultatory gap
6
Q
Pertaining the the armpit
A
Axillary
7
Q
The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest
A
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
8
Q
Respirations that are shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea
A
Biot respirations
9
Q
Pulse that is less than 60 beats per minute
A
Bradycardia
10
Q
Slow and shallow breathing
A
Bradypnea
11
Q
The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume
A
Cardiac output
12
Q
Respirations that gradually become more shallow and are followed by periods of apnea, with repetition of the pattern
A
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
13
Q
Sensations of cold and shaking of the body
A
Chills
14
Q
Temperature deep with the body
A
Core temperature
15
Q
Abnormal, nonmusical sound heard on auscultation of the lungs during inspiration
A
Crackles or rales
16
Q
Abrupt decline in fever
A
Crisis
17
Q
Bluish discoloration or skin color changes, particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds, due to lack of oxygen
A
Cyanosis
18
Q
Abatement of fever
A
Defervescence
19
Q
The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest between contractions
A
Diastolic pressure
20
Q
Difficult and labored breathing
A
Dyspnea
21
Q
Normal, relaxed breathing pattern
A
Eupnea
22
Q
Stage of fever in which the body temperature rises to the new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution of the cause of the fever
A
Febrile
23
Q
Elevated temperature
A
Fever
24
Q
Wet sounds heard when auscultating the lungs; formerly called rhonchi
A
Gurgle
25
Blood pressure elevated above the normal range
Hypertension
26
Above-normal body temperature
Hyperthermia
27
Pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is "blown off", causing the blood level of carbon dioxide to fall
Hyperventilation
28
Abnormally low blood pressure
Hypotension
29
Subnormal body temperature
Hypothermia
30
Decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
Hypoxemia
31
State of insufficient oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
32
Sounds that relate to the effect of arterial wall vibrations during auscultation of blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds
33
Respirations having an increased rate and depth with panting and long, grunting exhalations
Kussmaul respirations
34
Breakdown, disintegration; also reduction or abatement
Lysis
35
Cellular chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
36
Fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope (fainting), and blurred vision, which occurs upon standing
Orthostatic hypotension or postural hypotension
37
Excess fluid volume
Overhydration
38
Device that measures oxygen in the blood
Oximeter
39
Measurement of oxygen
Oximetry
40
Feel
Palpate
41
Deficit between the apical and radial pulse when measured simultaneously
Pulse deficit
42
The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
43
Fever; when a body temperature rises above 100.2°F (38.0°C)
Pyrexia
44
Agents that cause fever
Pyrogens
45
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues, which is initiated by the act of breathing
Respiration
46
Condition of circulatory failure
Shock
47
Device used to indirectly measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
48
Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
49
Device that augments sound
Stethoscope
50
Shrill, harsh sound on inspiration; caused by obstruction of the upper air passages, as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Stridor
51
The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat
Stroke volume
52
The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction
Systolic pressure
53
Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
Tachycardia
54
Increased or rapid breathing
Tachypnea
55
Eardrum
Tympanic membrane
56
The signs of life, namely pulse, respiration, temperature, and blood pressure
Vital signs
57
High-pitched whistling sound of air forced past a partial obstruction, as found in asthma and emphysema
Wheeze
58
What are the five vital signs
Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and pain level. Also oxygen saturation level
59
What causes fever
Increase in metabolism
60
What acts as a thermostat and controls body temperature by a feedback mechanism
Hypothalamus
61
Where is the hypothalamus located
Between the cerebral hemispheres
62
What are the organs of respiration
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
63
The pressure exerted on the arterial wall
Blood pressure
64
What is the normal temperature range
97.5 - 99.5
Average- 98.6
65
What are the sites used for temperature
Oral, rectal, axilla, tympanic, temporal
66
What are factors that affect body temperature
Drugs, age, exercise, time of day, disease conditions, emotional stress, environmental temperature, menstrual cycle and pregnancy
67
What are the fever patterns
Constant, intermittent, remittent, and relapsing
68
Temperature is continuously elevated, less than 1 degree variation within 24hrs
Constant
69
Temperature alternates rising and falling
Intermittent
70
High temperature falls, but never to normal, and rises again later in the day
Remittent
71
Temperature falls to normal and rises again in a repeating pattern
Relasping
72
Where is the oral thermometer placed
Posterior sublingual pocket on either side of the frenulum
73
Where are the pulse points
Radial, temporal, carotid, femoral, apical, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
74
What is the normal pulse rate
60 - 100 bpm
75
Even beats with poor force, 1+
Weak and regular
76
Even beats with moderate force, 2+
Strong and regular
77
Even beats with strong force, 3+
Full and bounding
78
Barely palpable
Feeble
79
nonregular strong and weak beats occurring within 1 minute
Irregular
80
Weak and irregular
Thready
81
Absent
No pulse
82
What is the normal blood oxygen range
92 - 100%
83
What is the average blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
84
Systolic pressure indicated by faint, clear tapping sounds that gradually grow louder
Phase I Tapping
85
Silence as the cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mmHg
Auscultatory Gap- No Sound
86
Murmur that increases as the cuff is deflated
Phase II Swishing
87
Louder knocking sound that occurs with each heartbeat
Phase III Knocking
88
A sudden change or muffling of the sound
Phase IV Muffling
89
Disappearance of sound
Phase V Silence
90
Abnormal lung sounds elicited upon auscultation of the lungs during assessment
Adventitious sounds
91
Listening for sounds produced within the body, usually with a stethoscope
Auscultation
92
Lung sounds heard over the central chest or back
Bronchiovesicular sounds
93
Imaging technique used to quantify density
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
94
Fluid in interstitial spaces; swelling
Edema
95
Increased curve in the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
96
Damaged tissue
Lession
97
Exaggerated lumbar curve
Lordosis
98
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
Nystagmus
99
Smelling
Olfaction
100
Touching with the hands and fingers
Palpation
101
Light, quick tapping on the body surface to produce sounds
Percussion
102
Pronounced lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
103
Involuntary fine movement of the body or limbs
Tremors
104
Elastic condition of skin
Turgor
105
Soft, rustling sounds heard in the periphery of the lung fields
Vesicular sounds
106
Condition of being without oxygen
Anoxia
107
Absence of breathing
Apnea
108
Collapsed or airless part of the lung; collapse of alveoli
Atelectasis
109
Tube for insertion into a duct or cavity
Cannula
110
Bluish discoloration or skin color changes, particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds, due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
111
Difficult and labored breathing
Dyspnea
112
Within the trachea
Endotracheal
113
Cough up or spit out
Expectorate
114
Movement of air out of the lungs
Expiration
115
Device that supplies moisture to a gas
Humidifier
116
Excess carbondioxide in the blood
Hypercapnia
117
Decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
Hypoxemia
118
State of insufficient oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
119
Movement of air into the lungs
Inspiration
120
Device that dispenses liquid in a fine spray, used in inhalation therapy
Nebulizer
121
Curved guide that is inserted into the trachea to facilitate placement of a tube
Obturator
122
Inward movement of respiratory muscles upon inspiration
Retraction
123
Increased or rapid breathing
Tachypnea
124
Adhesive, sticky
Tenacious
125
Opening into the trachea
Tracheostomy
126
Illness that results when most or all of the body is exposed to a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time
Acute radiation sickness (ARS)
127
The phenomenon of nurses becoming desensitized to patient care alarms and missing or delaying their response to the alarm
Alarm fatigue
128
Biologic agent or condition that can be harmful to a persons health
Biohazard
129
The release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political and/or military goals
Bioterrorism
130
The total of all elements and conditions that surround us and influence our development
Environment
131
The amount of moisture in the air
Humidity
132
Substance that, when ingested, inhaled, absorbed, applied, injected, or developed withing the body, may cause functional or structural disturbances
Poison
133
Any objective evidence of disease or dysfunction; perceived by doctor
Sign
134
Any indication of disease perceived by the patient; subjective
Symptom
135
Part of the stethoscope that detects high pitched sounds
Diaphragm
136
Part of the stethoscope that detects low pitched sounds
Bell
137
Where is the apical pulse found
Left midclavicular between the 3rd and 5th intercostal space
138
Grating or scratchy sound heard in the lungs
Pleural friction rub
139
Air sacs
Alveoli
140
What are the structures of respiration
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea
141
What is the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency
Airway obstruction
142
How is hypoxia treated
Administering oxygen and correcting the cause
143
What is the simplest method of clearing air passages
An effective cough
144
What technique is used for nasopharyngeal suctioning
Aseptic
145
What technique is used for tracheobronchial suctioning
Sterile
146
Circumscribed, flat area with a change in skin color
Macule
147
Elevated, solid lesion
Papule
148
Circumscribed, superficial collection of serous fluid
Vesicle
149
Circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion
Plaque
150
Firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area
Wheal
151
Elevates, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid
Pustule
152
How is the pulse rate measured
Placing two or three fingers over a superficial artery that has a bone behind it
153
How is an infants temperature taken
Rectally
154
Tachycardia refers to a pulse that is
Greater than 100 beats per minute
155
What type of respiration describes fast, deep breathing
Kussmauls
156
What do cardiac contractions produce
Pulse
157
What is the first step in physical assessment (data collection)
Observing the patients behavior and appearance
158
When should blood pressure be measured
After the patient has been sitting or lying down for 5 minutes
159
Softs, rustling sounds normally heard in the periphery of the lung fields that are longer during inspiration that expiration
Vesicular sounds
160
The patients abdomen is assessed when the patient is in what position
Supine
161
What assessment is performed at regular intervals on patients who have experienced head trauma or who have had brain surgery
Neurologic check
162
What tool can be used to examine canals, including the nasal and vaginal canals
Speculum
163
What technique is performed with the hands and uses touch to feel various body parts during physical examination
Palpation
164
The pronounced lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
165
A croaking sound heard where there is a partial obstruction of the upper air passages in the lungs
Stridor
166
What are the primary organs of the respiratory system
Lungs, bronchus, trachea
167
The decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream resulting from respiratory insufficiency
Hypoxemia
168
What process are inspiration and expiration phases of
Respiration
169
What are patients who have undergone abdominal or chest surgery are at risk for
Pneumonitis
170
Nasopharyngeal suctioning is designed to remove what from the upper respiratory tract
Accumulated secretions
171
What is a surgical incision into the trachea to aerate the lungs
Tracheostomy
172
What is the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency
Obstruction
173
The function of the respiratory system is to supply what to the bloodstream
Oxygen
174
The purpose of a tracheostomy is to remove obstruction and ease what
Breathing
175
Average room temperature for an adult patients would ideally be between
68 and 74 degrees F
176
If no laundry hamper is available, the next best place for soiled linens is where
A pillowcase
177
The release of pathogenic or hazardous substances with the aim to harm humans is known as
Bioterrorism
178
What is the acronym for a fire emergency
RACE
179
How often must the nurse remove a patients protective device and change the patients position
Every 2 hours
180
What are patients entering the emergency room triaged based on
Type of care required
181
What are common factors of falls
Impaired physical mobility, altered mental status, sensory and/or motor deficits
182
What put a patient at high risk for burns
Diabetes, impaired circulation, paralysis, decreased mental awareness
183
What some preventions for burns
Barrier between patients skin and thermal application, check temperature of oral liquids, warn patient if a drink or food is hot, caution patient to not lay or sleep with heating pads or ice packs, inspect electrical cords for frayed or broken areas that may cause fire
184
What is the acronym PASS
Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
185
What is the acronym RACE
Rescue, Activate Alarm, Contain, Extinguish or Evacuate
186
What is OSHA
Occupational Safety and Hazard Association
187
What is SDS and why is it used
Safety Data Sheet; consulted for recommended methods of storage, labeling, handling spills, and disposal of biohazards
188
What do you report to the poison control center
Name of the products, patients age, weight, pertinent medical history, amount and timing of products involved, exposure route of product, any symptom and /or complaints
189
What can restricting movement on a long-term basis lead to
muscle weakness, atrophy, loss of bone mass, joint contractures, constipation, incontinence, pressure injuries, depression, cognitive impairment
190
Behavioral indications
Psychiatric setting
191
Non-behavioral indications
Medical setting
