Exam 2 Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
prototype: Diazepam
controlled substance
MOA: act on limbic system & RAS to make GABA more effective, causing interference w/ neuron firing
used for anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, seizures, insomnia, pre-op relief of anxiety, hyper excitability & agitation
metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
**stays longer in high fat body mass so monitor elderly & obese
drug interactions:
1. opioids, alcohol, cimetidine, OCP, disulfiram (increased effect)
2. theophylline, ranitidine (decreased effect)
black box warning: w/ opioids can cause sedation, respiratory depression, coma, death
contraindications: preg/lact, psychosis, shock/coma, alcohol intoxication, glaucoma
adverse effects: drowsiness, depression, lethargy, apathy, urinary ret., constipation, restlessness, fatigue, decreased libido, drug dependence w/ withdrawal symptoms, Brady/tachycardia
reversal agent = flumazenil for respiratory depression
suffix: pam/lam
alprazolam (Xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
clonazepam (Klonopin)
clorazepate (Tranxene)
diazepam (Valium)
flurazepam
lorazepam (Ativan)
midazolam
oxazepam
Cause neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
A
benzodiazepines
2
Q
prototype: phenobarbital
MOA: General CNS depressants that inhibit neuronal impulse conduction in RAS, depress cerebral cortex, alter cerebellar function and depress motor output
A
Barbiturates
3
Q
antidote for diazepam (benzo)
A
Flumazenil
4
Q
why is zolpidem (Ambien)
prescribed & what’s an important nursing consideration?
A
for insomnia (Bind GABA receptors),
important to withdraw gradually
5
Q
what happens when a nerve is stimulated
A
depolarization
6
Q
common adverse effects of diazepam (valium) aka the prototype
A
lethargy, sedation, hypotension, resp. difficulties
7
Q
what is the antidote for diazepam ?
A
flumazenil
8
Q
what is the prototype for benzos?
A
Diazepam
9
Q
why is zolpidem prescribed and what it an important nursing consideration?
A
prescribed for insomnia
important nursing consideration is to withdrawal gradually
10
Q
the Biogenic Amine Theory of depression is a deficiency of what?
A
dopamine, NE, and serotonin
shortage of these neurotransmitters chemical causes depression
11
Q
what are 3 classes of antidepressants?
A
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants TCAs)
SSRIs
12
Q
what is the prototype for TCAs?
A
Imipramine
13
Q
what adverse reactions can occur w/ certain foods and MAOIs?
A
hypertensive crisis due to tyramine foods
14
Q
when starting an antidepressant, how long can it take the effects of the drug to be seen?
A
2-4 weeks
15
Q
tardive dyskinesia (lip smacking, chewing) is an extrapyramidal effect caused by what class of drugs?
A
antipsychotic aka neuroleptics
16
Q
what is the therapeutic range for phenobarbital?
A
15-40 mcg/mL
17
Q
what is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?
A
10-20 mcg/mL
*these treat clonic tonic sz
**Monitor hepatoxicity, CBC for bone marrow depression, CNS effects like dizzy, fatigue, drowsy
18
Q
Valproic acid (Adjunct agent for seizures) can be toxic to what organ?
A
liver, effects = liver toxicity and CNS suppression
**also teratogenic so must be tested for pregnancy when starting this med
19
Q
what to assess on pt when taking carbamazepine? (anticonvulsant)
A
reflex and grips
20
Q
what 2 drugs can have a drug-drug interaction when paired with a dopaminergic agent?
A
MAOIs , vitamin B6
21
Q
Antiparkinson drug of choice for children?
A
diphenhydramine
22
Q
what has black box waring of risk of suicide for children, adolescents, and young adults?
A
antidepressants
23
Q
2 SSRIs that can be given to children to treat OCD
A
fluoxetine (Prozac) &
sertraline (Zoloft)
24
Q
centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants have drug-drug interaction with what?
A
other CNS depressants like alcohol, opioids, TCAs, etc.. can cause respiratory depression
25
what is naloxone given for?
reverse adverse effects of narcotics
26
narcotic agonist prescribe for cough ?
codeine
27
3 common adverse effects of zonisamide? (anticonvulsant)
bone marrow suppression, renal calculi, GI upset
28
pt education for ergotamine?
teach them how to administer medication (2nd dose can be given after 30 mins)
29
MOA of triptans?
cranial vasular constriction
30
important part of education for pt taking hydantoin ? (anticonvulsant)
mouth care!!!!
31
pt has mild side effects from cyclobenzaprine (central nervous system (CNS) muscle relaxant) such as dry mouth and nausea. what should the nurse do?
provide interventions to help w/ dry mouth and nausea
32
contraindications for taking bupropion? (Wellbutrin)
taking MAIOs within 14 previous days
33
how to administer CNS stimulant for ADD in a child?
administer before 6pm
34
what is the med given for narcotic induced constipation?
methylnaltrexone bromide
35
what is associated with the combination of dantrolene (Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant) and estrogen?
hepatic injury
36
what are the 2 types of neuron axons
afferent (peripheral to CNS) and efferent (CNS to peripheral)
37
3 electrolytes that are required for nerve action
calcium
sodium
potassium
38
what is the lithium level that can result in multi organ toxicity and possibly death?
>2.5
39
what is sumatriptan used for?
migraine headaches
40
A pt is taking MAOI, which statement indicates the pt understanding the med?
I ate chicken instead of a hotdog
41
RN is preparing alprazolam (benzo!) , which intervention should the RN do first?
assess the pts anxiety level
42
which data indicates the med carbidopa / levodopa is effective?
pt can walk upright without stumbling
43
a pt is taking morphine, which intervention should the RN do?
rate their pain on scale 1-10
44
pt ordered sumatriptan 6mg, but it comes in 12 mg/mL, how many mLs does the nurse give?
0.5 mL
45
pt is newly dx w/ epilepsy and prescribed an anticonvulsant... the RN educates the pt on what?
the dose will start low and slowly increase over a few weeks
46
MOA of hydromorphone?
binds at specific opioid receptors sites in CNS
47
T or F: narcotic agonists-antagonists should be cautioned w/ physical dependence?
true
48
how does ergotamine work?
by constricting cranial blood vessels
49
what drug is almost always given w/ carbidopa as a combo drug?
levodopa
50
what drug is the prototype for the anticholinergic agents?
benztropine
51
what is carbamazepine used to treat?
partial seizures
52
what is a possible adverse effect associated w/ imipramine? (TCA)
sedation
53
best time of day to take SSRIs?
in the AM
54
23 y/o has OCD, bulimia, panic attacks, PMDD, what antidepressant can they be given?
SSRIs
55
what education should be given to pt taking a triptan for migraine?
take 2nd dose if headache persists after 2 hrs of taking 1st dose
56
what class of drugs should not be used within 2 weeks of using triptans?
MAIOs
57
pt taking ergotamine should not take a beta blocker bc there is a risk of what?
peripheral vasoconstriction, ischemia, gangrene
58
what narcotic agonists-antagonists can be used during labor for pain relief?
nalbuphine
59
what should the pt be monitored for if they have a dependence on a narcotic but are then given buprenorphine? (Opioid agonists-antagonist)
withdrawal symptoms
60
what is the MOA of narcotic agonists?
act at a specific opioid receptors in CNS to produce analgesia
61
what is the MOA of direct acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
acts in skeletal muscle fibers w/ release of Ca from tubules
62
What are CV effects associated w/ centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
hypotension and arrhythmias
63
what centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant is the best choice for an older pt?
carisoprodol
64
what is the prototype for anticholinergics?
benztropine
65
what is the MOA of anticholinergics
oppose effects of acetylcholine at receptor sites
66
what education should be given to pt taking levodopa?
Vitamin B6 interferes w/ effects of this medication bc it decreases absorption of levodopa
67
a pt is taking benztropine for Parkinson's. What intervention should nurse include in plan of care?
monitor for decreased UOP (urinary retention)
68
what is the prototype for succinimides?
Ethosuximide
69
what are some common adverse effects related to hydantoins? (anticonvulsant)
dry mouth, gingival hyperplasia, anorexia, lethargy
70
if a pt's lithium level is 3.1, what are they at risk for?
multiorgan toxicity and death
71
what is an important education to provide to pt taking CNS stimulants?
they have high potential for physical dependence and abuse
72
what drug class is contraindicated for pt w/ Parkinson's bc it blocks dopamine?
typical antipsychotics
73
potential adverse effects associated with SSRIs?
drowsiness, anorexia, weightless, sexual dysfunction
74
suffix is lam/pam
benzodiazepines
benzos:
alprazolam (Xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
clonazepam (Klonopin)
clorazepate (Tranxene)
diazepam (Valium)
flurazepam
lorazepam (Ativan)
midazolam
oxazepam
75
what drug class has the MOA:
act in the limbic system and the RAS, makes GABA more effective, causes interference with neurons firing
benzodiazepines
**lower doses assist with anxiety, higher doses cause sedation and hypnosis
76
what drug class is used for
Anxiety disorders
Alcohol withdrawal
Hyperexcitability and agitation
Seizure disorders
Insomnia
Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension
benzodiazepines
77
AE of benzos
sedation, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, hypotension/htn, elevated LFTs, urinary rtn, decreased libido, h/a, lightheaded, amnesia, confusion
78
drug to drug interactions for benzos
Decreased effect with theophylline (asthma/COPD) , ranitidine (GERD)
increased with opioids, alcohol, cimetidine, OCP and disulfiram.
79
signs of withdrawals for benzos
nausea, headache, vertigo, malaise, nightmares, diaphoresis, increased HR/BP, tremor, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, and SEIZURES;
neonatal abstinence syndrome can occur
80
this Benzo is used for anxiety, preanesthesia anxiolytic, insomnia due to stress
lorazepam
81
why are hypnotics used? & how?
used to help people fall asleep by causing sedation.
Act on the reticular activating system and block the brain’s response to incoming stimuli
82
prototype for benzo
diazepam
83
what drug class has the MOA:
reduce uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into nerves .. leading to increased stimulation of postsynaptic receptors
TCAs
84
suffix is amine, triptylline
TCAs
imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, trimipramine
85
these are used to relieve symptoms of depression & pain, and enuresis in kids
TCAs
prototype is imipramine
86
what is the prototype for TCAs
imipramine
87
drug to drug interactions for TCAs
Cimetidine, fluoxetine, ranitidine cause increase in TCA levels and anticholinergic s/s
Oral anticoagulants – higher levels of anticoagulants and increased risk of bleeding
Sympathomimetics – arrhythmia and htn
MAOI – severe serotonin syndrome
88
contraindications to this drug include recent MI, glaucoma, CV disease, urinary retention
TCAs
89
these drugs belong to what class
isocarboxazid (Marplan)
phelezine (Nardil)
selegiline (Emsam)
tranylcypromine (Parnateisocarboxazid (Marplan)
phelezine (Nardil)
selegiline (Emsam)
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
MAOIs, prototype is phenelzine
90
which drug class has the MOA:
Irreversibly inhibit MAO, an enzyme found in nerves and other tissues that breaks down 5HT and NE, leading to higher levels of amines
MAOIs
90
these drugs are used for depression, for those who can't tolerate or respond to other agents
MAIOs
91
what is the antidote for MAOIs w/ tyramine foods that cause htn crisis?
phentolamine or adrenergic blocker
92
what class do these drugs belong to?
citalopram (Celexa)
escitalopram (Lexapro)
fluoxetine (Prozac)
paroxetine (Paxil)
sertraline (Zoloft)
what's the prototype?
SSRIs
prototype is fluoxetine (prozac)
93
what drug class has the suffix opram, oxetine, aline
SSRIs
prototype is fluoxetine (prozac)
94
these do not have many adverse effects like TCAs and MAOIs do, so these are better choice for pts
SSRIs
95
what drug class has the MOA:
Block reuptake of 5HT with no effect on NE, increasing levels of 5HT in synaptic cleft
SSRIs
96
these are used for depression, OCD, panic attacks, bulimia, PMDD, PTSD, social phobias, social anxiety disorders
SSRIs
97
these should not be used w/ ppl who have bipolar and why?
SSRIs bc could cause mania
98
drug to drug interactions of SSRIs
MAOIs- causes htn crisis
TCA- causes increased toxic effects
St. Johns wort, triptans – serotonin syndrome
NSAIDs, salicylates, antiplatelet, anticoagulant – bleeding
99
Pts with Cardiovascular Disease should avoid which class of antidepressant:
TCAs
100
Patient monitoring on Lithium (for bipolar), what's the therapeutic level, s/s of toxicity
Therapeutic Level = 0.6-1.2mEq/L
<1.5 would cause lethargy, slurred speech, muscle weakness, N/V.
1.5-2: previous signs plus ECG changes.
>2.5: complex multi organ toxicity, significant risk of death
101
drug to drug interaction for lithium
diuretics, antiseizure meds (carbamazepine), NSAIDs, antacids, psyllium
102
amantadine (Gocovri)
apomorphine (Apokyn)
carbidopa-levodopa (Duodopa)
levodopa (Inbrija)
pramipexole (Mirapex)
rasagiline (Azilect)
ropinirole (Requip)
ritgotine (Neupro)
these belong to what class? what's the prototype
Dopmaminergic agents
levodopa is prototype
103
what is the MOA for levodopa
crosses BB and is converted into dopamine
104
what class has the MOA:
blocks the action of acetylcholine in the CNS to help normalize the acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance
*also help to reduce musculoskeletal rigidity ****** FOR PD!
Anticholinergic agents (prototype = benztropine)
105
these belong to what class
benztropine (Cogentin)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
trihyxyphenidyl
Anticholinergic agents (prototype = benztropine)
106
what are the drug interactions for Dopmaminergic agents
MAOIs- cause hypertensive crisis
If antidepressants, then can cause serotonin syndrome
Dopamine antagonists, OTC vitamins – decreased efficacy of dopaminergic agents
Tyramine/St John’s wort/meperidine/acetaminophen can cause potentially serious reactions if on rasagiline (only for rasagiline can be fatal) ****
107
what class of drugs should not be taken if you have glaucoma, CV disease, htn, bc symptoms will worsen
Dopmaminergic agents
108
these are used to Treat Parkinson’s Disease and Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms
Anticholinergic agents
109
this is the class of drugs that oppose the effects of acetylcholine at receptors sites in the basal ganglia, helping to restore chemical balance in the area
Anticholinergics
(prototype = benztropine)
110
drug to drug interactions for Anticholinergics
Other drugs with anticholinergic properties (TCA/phenothiazines) triple effects!... run risk of potentially fatal paralytic ileus and toxic psychoses
Antipsychotics (block the effectiveness of their antipsychotics!!)
111
what drug class are these
entacapone (Comtan)
tolcapone (Tasmar)
safinamide (Xadago)
selegiline (Emsam
Adjunctive agents
** used to improve patient response to traditional therapy
benztropine is prototype!!
watch LFT epically for tolcapone
112
what class has the MOA:
Increase plasma concentration and duration of action of levodopa
Selegiline is used for those with deterioration with traditional therapy
Adjunctive agents
benztropine is prototype!!
113
what is the prototype for both amticholinergic and adjunctive agents!!!!!!!
benztropine
114
these belong to what class
dantrolene (Dantrium)
incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin)
onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox)
rimabotulinumtoxinB (Myobloc)
Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxants
ONLY ONE DIRECT ACTING!!! THIS IS DANTROLENE!!!!!!aka the prototype
115
Cautions for patients taking central acting muscle relaxants
Epilepsy
Cardiac Dysfunction
Conditions marked by muscle weakness
116
what drug class MOA is:
affect peripheral muscle contraction by interfering with release of calcium from muscle fibers, preventing contraction
Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxants/ Dantrolene aka the prototype
117
what drug, If combined with estrogens, the incidence of hepatocellular toxicity is increased
Dantrolene - Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant
118
this drug is used for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia crisis.
Dantrolene - Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant
...interferes with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and leads to muscle relaxation.
119
what is the rxn of the drug to drug interaction dantrolene (Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant) with estrogen?
potentially fatal hepatocellular disease, resp depression – exacerbated by muscle weakness, cardiac disease – cardiac muscle depression
**females over 35 are high risk
first signs of liver damage include anorexia, nausea, fatigue as a warning sign/ prodrome
120
these drugs are part of what class
codeine
fentanyl
hydrocodone
hydromorphone
meperidine
methadone
morphine
oxycodone
oxymorphone
tramadol
Opioids and opioid agonists
(prototype = morphine)
121
what drug class has the MOA:
Work at specific opioid receptor sites in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation and well-being
Opioids and opioid agonists
122
how to educate pt on narcotic agonists
Take the medication before the pain becomes severe,
common side effects include Constipation, Dizziness, drowsiness, visual changes, Nausea and loss of appetite
**Avoid alcohol, antihistamines, and other OTC drugs
123
what drug class has the MOA:
Partial agonists at mu opioid receptors and antagonists at kappa receptors
Opioid agonists-antagonists
buprenorphine (Subutex)
butorphanol (Stadol)
nalbuphine (Nubain)
124
what are narcotic (opioid & opioid agonists) drug to drug interactions
CNS depressants – respiratory depression, hypotension, sedation/coma
SSRI, MAOI, TCA, St. John’s wort – serotonin syndrome risk
Anticholinergics – exacerbated GI/GU effects
Antihypertensive agents – increased systolic hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
125
these drugs belong to what class
buprenorphine (Subutex)
butorphanol (Stadol)
nalbuphine (Nubain)
Opioid agonists-antagonists
126
these are beneficial for opioid use disorder because they can partially activate opioid receptors, providing some relief from cravings and withdrawal symptoms while simultaneously blocking the euphoric effects of stronger opioids, thereby reducing the risk of relapse and overdose compared to full opioid agonists like methadone or heroin.
***Best thing we have to get ppl off of opioids!!!
Opioid agonists-antagonists
127
this is the only opioid agonist antagonist that can be used to relieve pain during labor and delivery w/ no issues to the fetus
nubain
128
these drugs belong to what category
naloxone (Narcan) aka prototype
Naltrexone (Vivitrol
opioid antagonists
*****our rescue meds!!!! Reverse effects of opioids
129
what drug class has this MOA:
Block opioid receptors and reverse effects of opioids
**bind strongly to opioid receptors but do not activate them. They block the effects of the opioid receptors and are used to block the effects of too many opioids in the system.
opioid antagonists
130
adverse effects of opioid antagonists
Tachycardia
Blood pressure changes Dysrhythmias Nausea/vomiting
Sweating
Tremulousness
Feeling of anxiety
131
prototype of opioid antagonist , what is rare SE
naloxone (Narcan)
rare SE = pulmonary edema
132
what drug class do these belong to
Ergot derivatives (prototype!)
Triptans
Calcitoningene related peptide inhibotors
Serotonin agonist (only 1)
Anti-migraine agents
133
these are the 2 oldest anti migraine agents
ergot derivatives & triptans!
134
this drug class has the MOA: Bind to selective serotonin receptor sites, Cranial vascular constriction (cause constriction everywhere)
Triptans
letriptan (Relpax)
frovatiptan (Frova)
rizatriptan (Maxalt)
sumatriptan (Imitrex) aka prototype!!!
zomitriptan (Zomig)
135
ergot derivative vs triptans
ergot- for Prevention (chronic) or abortive for headaches! Give 2nd dose after 30 mins.. dangerous for heart
triptans- Only for abortion of migraine, no prevention
Give 2nd dose after 2hrs... safer option
136
dihydro-ergotamine (Migranol)
ergotamine (Ergomar) aka prototype
these belong to what drug class?
MOA = Block alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptor sites, Cause constriction of cranial blood vessels and decrease pulsation of cranial arteries, Reduce hyper-perfusion of basilar artery vascular bed
ergot derivatives
137
Acute narcotic abstinence syndrome s/s
(due to naloxone aka reversal of narcotic)
Nausea
vomiting
sweating
Tachycardia
Fall in blood pressure
138
these belong to what drug class of anti-migraines
eptinezumab (Vyepti)
erenumbab (Aimovig)
falcanezumab (Emgality)
Rimegepant (Nurtec)
Ubrogepant (Ubrelvy)
Lasmiditan (Reyvow) (separate class)
Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors (CGRP) and serotonin agonist for lasmiditan
MOA = blocks CGRP receptors, vasoconstriction of cranial nerves
***Lasmiditan causes less vasoconstriction as it is a selective serotonin agonist (ONLY CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE IN THE CLASS)
these are for prevention or abortive
139
suffix is faxine
SNRIs
140
these drugs belong to what class?
desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
duloxetine (Cymbalta)
levominacipran (Fetzima)
milnacipran (Savella)
venlafaxine (Effexor))
SNRIs
Suffix = faxine
MOA = Decrease neuronal reuptake of NE and 5HT, thereby increasing levels in synaptic cleft
drug interactions:
MAOIs – hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome
TCA, SSRI – increased toxic effects
St. Johns wort, triptans – serotonin syndrome
NSAIDs, salicylates, antiplatelet, anticoagulant – bleeding
141
s/s of serotonin syndrome
3 main symptoms?
this is rare but FATAL
3 main s/s = Muscle rigidity (stiffness), Tremors, Coma
confusion
agitation
disorientation
hallucinations
delirium
seizures
tachycardia
labile blood pressure
diaphoresis
fever
hyperreflexia
tremors
n/v/d, abd pain
coma
142
difference between SNRIs and SSRIs
SSRIs- blocks reuptake of 5HT
SNRIs- decreases reuptake of 5HT and NE
143
Suffix is barbital
contains these drugs:
butabarbital (Butisol)
penobarbital (Nembutal)
phenobarbital=PROTOTYPE
secobarbital
Barbiturates
MOA: General CNS depressants that inhibit neuronal impulse conduction in RAS, depress cerebral cortex, alter cerebellar function and depress motor output
used for Anxiety disorders
Seizure disorders
Sedation
Insomnia
Preoperative relief of anxiety
144
If pt on antipsychotic and start complaining of neck and jaw tightness / pain, what does this mean?
Side effect is dystonia (muscle spasms of the face, neck, mouth, excessive salivation ).. what do we do with this??? Notify provider!! Some can be permanent so talk to provider immediately !!! don’t hold dose tho unless provider tells you
145
how do we evaluate someone's response to pain meds? how do we know their tolerance?
Vital signs, get baseline and reassess
if tolerance has gone up, Vital signs will start increasing
146
Of the anti-seizure meds, which are contraindicated for pts w/ kidney issues?
Succinimides, specifically w/ kidney stones bc will worsen them
147
What is adjuvant therapy for pt w/ active seizure (what to give during seizure)
Valium – aka a BENZO!
147
What do we monitor for when on stimulants?
HR, BP, anxious/nervous
148
Name of drug for ADHD ??? can it be used for anything else?
methylphenidate
Yes! Narcolepsy
149
if pt is on anticholinergics, what do we monitor?
Monitor for constipation, urinary hesitancy, blurred vision
Call provider if they can’t pee, palpitations, higher b/p, constipation worsens
150
what should we monitor it pt is on lithium for bipolar?
Check the kidneys!!!! 80% is reabsorbed in kidneys… so KEEP PT HYDRATED! Check electrolytes (Na) .. this puts you at risk for toxicity
151
Class you must be cautious of w/ those w/ CVD, post MIs
TCAs bc can cause arrhythmias
152
What classes have box warnings and why?
Benzos- resp. depression
TCA – adolescents, suicidal
MAOIs- suicidal
SSRIs- younger suicidal
SNRIs- younger suicidal
Opioids – resp. depression
Dantrolene (Dantrium)– potential fatal hepatoxicity for estrogen, women over 35
153
Why don’t we use SNRIs or SSRIs for bipolar
Can make them manic, so we use lithium instead (no class)
154
these are sedative hypnotics, used to treat insomnia like the drug zolpidem
barbiturates
155
this means restlessness, inability to sit still, tapping fingers, swinging legs
Akathisia
156
Pt who has tried SSRIs and SNRIs, but don’t like the side affects… what can they try instead?
Buspirones = other analytic category
Doesn’t interact w/ anything, no contraindications
Binds to serotonin and dopamine
Doesn’t treat depression, ONLY anxiety !!!!!!!
Good drug w no side effects from SSRIs and SNRIs. And only once daily
157
centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant prototype?
Baclofen
(direct acting is dantrolene!)
158
risk of haldol use
Akathisia this means restlessness, inability to sit still, tapping fingers, swinging legs
159
these belong to what anticonvulsant class?
fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
phenytoin (Dilantin) PROTOTYPE 10-20 therapeutic level
hydantoin
160
these belong to what anticonvulsant class?
ethosuximide (Aarontin) PROTOTYPE
methsuximide (Celontin)
**used to treat absence seizures
succinimides
161
these belong to what anticonvulsant class?
carbamazepine (Tegretol) PROTOTYPE
lamotrigine (Lamictal)
levetiracetam (Keppra)
topirimate (Topamax)
**used to treat generalized seizures
other anticonvulsant drugs
