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exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is:
-The body’s general, nonspecific response to demands placed by the stressor

A

Stress

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2
Q

What is:
-How an individual deals with problems/issues
-Cognitive and behavioral

A

Coping

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3
Q

What is:
-An external influence that threatens to disrupt the equilibrium

A

Stressor

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4
Q

What type of stressor is:
-Directly trigger stress response without any cognitive process

A

Biogenic

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5
Q

What type of stressor is:
-Directly trigger stress response due to coping, anxiety, guilt, fear, frustration, loss

A

Psychological

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6
Q

What is:
-Behaviors used to decrease stress and anxiety
example: crying, exercise, drinking, smoking

A

Coping mechanisms

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7
Q

What is:
-A stress response characterized by feeling of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread

A

Anxiety

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8
Q

What type of anxiety is:
-A general uneasiness and nervousness

A

Mild anxiety

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9
Q

What type of anxiety is:
-Disturbing feeling that something is wrong

A

Moderate anxiety

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10
Q

What type of anxiety is:
-Feeling of dread and horror
-Difficulty following directions

A

Severe anxiety

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11
Q

What type of reaction is:
-Inability to focus, terror, bizarre behavior
-Perception distorted

A

Panic disorder

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12
Q

What are the 9 factors that affect body temp?

A

-Age
-Sex
-Diurnal variation
-Exercise
-Stress
-Meals
-Drugs
-Smoking
-Site of measurement

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13
Q

What would be the diagnosis if a pt presented with these s/s?
-Flushing, hot
-Poor appetite, N/V/D
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Fatigue, malaise
-Weakness
-Lowered responsiveness

A

Hyperthermia

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14
Q

What are the 6 risk factors for hyperthermia?

A

-Age
-Obesity
-Medications
-Climate
-Immune compromised
-Infections

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15
Q

These s/s are a sign of what?
-Faint or dizzy
-excessive sweating
-cold, clammy skin
-Nausea/vomiting
-rapid, weak pulse
-Muscle cramps

A

Heat exhaustion

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16
Q

These s/s are a sign of what?
-Throbbing headache
-No sweating
-Body temp above 103
-Nausea/vomiting
-Rapid, strong pulse
-May lose consiousness

A

Heat stroke

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17
Q

These symptoms are a sign of what?
-Initial shivering
-Slow, shallow breathing
-Weak pulse
-Changes to mental status
-Pale, cool, waxy skin

A

Hypothermia

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18
Q

What are the 6 risk factors for hypothermia?

A

-Age
-Medications
-Climate
-Mental conditions
-trauma, burns
-Sepsis

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19
Q

These s/s are a sign of what?
-Cold skin/ prickling feeling
-Numbness
-Hard or waxy skin
-Clumsiness sue to joint and muscle stiffness
-Red, white, bluish-white or grayish-yellow skin

A

Frostbite

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20
Q

What wound classification is:
-Break in skin

A

Open

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21
Q

What wound classification is:
-Intact skin

A

Closed

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22
Q

What type of wound bed would be:
-tissue is pink
-no necrosis

A

Healthy

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23
Q

What type of wound bed would be
-Dark red
-often bleeds
-eschar or sloughing

A

Unhealthy

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24
Q

What stage in the healing process is: -Minimal tissue loss, skin edges are approximated
Example: closed surgical incision

A

Primary

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25
What stage in the healing process is: Considerable tissue loss, skin edges are open, repair time longer Example: pressure ulcer
Secondary
26
What stage in the healing process is: wound becomes infected and has reopened
Tertiary
27
What PU stage is: -Non blanchable erythema -Different temp than surrounding skin
Stage 1
28
What PU stage is: -Partial-thickness skin loss -May present as intact or open-serum filled blisters
Stage 2
29
What PU stage is: -Full-thickness skin loss -Deep crater w/o undermining or tunneling
Stage 3
30
What PU stage is: -Full thickness skin loss with tissue necrosis and damage to underlying structures -Muscle, ligament, or bone -Tunneling
Stage 4
31
What type of PU is: -Most serious -Intact or non-intact -persistent non-blanchable deep red, maroon or epidermal separation revealing a dark wound bed or blood-filled blister
deep tissue PU
32
What results from intense /or prolonged pressure and shear forces at the bone-muscle interface
deep tissue PU
33
On the Braden scale, the _______ the number, the ______ the risk for ulcer or injury
-lower -higher
34
What occurs when: -when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid
Hypovolemia
35
These are causes of what? -Abnormal fluid loss -decreased fluid intake -third-space fluid shift
Hypovolemia
36
What occurs when- -An isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium
Hypervolemia
37
What is: -the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease
Infection
38
What stage of the infectious process is: -Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
Incubation period
39
What stage of the infectious process is: -interval from onset of nonspecific s&s to more specific symptoms
Prodromal stage
40
What stage of the infectious process is: interval when pt manifests s&s specific to type of infection
Illness stage
41
What stage of the infectious process is: interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear
Convalescence
42
What type of the body's defense is: immediate response of the body to invasion
Inflammatory response
43
What: -contain DNA or RNA but con not replicate by itself -Reproduce itself outside the host cell -mutate rapidly
Viruses
44
What is: -characterized by inflammation of mucous membranes, fever, cough, headache, malaise -Sudden onset, clear lung sounds
influenza
45
What is: -contaminated air inhaled and passed into alveoli -accumulation of cells in the alveolar space
Pneumonia
46
What are the 4 types of pneumonia?
-Community-acquired -Hospital acquired -Ventilator-associated -Aspiration
47
Urethritis and cystitis are what type of UTI's
Lower UTI's
48
-Acute pyelonephritis -interstitial nephritis -renal nephritis are what type of UTI's
Upper UTI's
49
these s/s are of what? -dysuria -urethral discharge
urethritis
50
these s/s are of what? -sudden onset -polyuria, anuria -nocturia -urine is turbid -possible low grade fever
cystitis
51
What is: -a response triggered by the body in response to injury, insult, or infection
Inflammation
52
what type of inflammation is a good thing
acute
53
Where is Mcburney's point located
RLQ
54
Where is rovsing's sign located
LLQ
55
Pt presents with s/s of: -Flushed skin -restlessness -Increased BP -edema -decreased urine -skin is dry -agitation -low grade fever -thirst would be indicative of what?
Hypernatremia
56
These causes would lead to what? -Burns -fluid loss -diabetes's insipidus
Hypernatremia
57
Pt presents with s/s of: -stupor/coma -lethargy -tachycardia -limp muscles/muscle twitching -orthostatic hypotension -seizures what be indicative of what?
Hyponatremia
58
These causes would lead to what? 5 D's -diaphoresis -diarrhea/vomiting -drains (NG) -diuretics -dilution
Hyponatremia
59
FRIEDSALT is the pneumonic for?
Hypernatremia
60
SALTLOSS is the pneumonic for?
Hyponatremia
61
pt presents with s/s of: -Muscle cramps -urine abnormalities -respiratory distress -bradycardia & hypotension -EKG changes -low DTR Can be indicative of what?
Hyperkalemia
62
- cellular movement (Burns, tissue damage) -Adrenal insufficiency -renal failure -drugs (ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS) would cause what?
Hyperkalemia
63
What causes peaked T-waves
Hyperkalemia
64
pt presents with s/s of: 6 L's -lethargy -leg cramps -limp muscles -low respirations -lethal dysrhythmias -lots of peeing -low BP
Hypokalemia
65
What causes flattened T-waves
Hypokalemia
66
-drugs (loop diuretics, laxatives) -inadequate consumption -too much water intake -heavy fluid loss can cause what?
Hypokalemia
67
MURDER is the pneumonic for?
Hyperkalemia
68
Muscles contract for TOO long with?
Hyperkalemia
69
Muscles contract LESS with?
Hypokalemia
70
pt presents with s/s of: -Bone pain -arrythmias -cardiac arrest -muscle weakness -polyuria would be indicative of what?
Hypercalcemia
71
-Hyperthyroidism -Excessive intake of antacids & Vit. D -Kidney disease would cause what?
Hypercalcemia
72
BACKME is a pneumonic for?
Hypercalcemia
73
pt presents with s/s of: -convulsions -arrythmias -tetany -spasms -numbness in fingers, face, limbs would be indicative of what?
Hypocalcemia
74
Positive trausseau's and chvosteks signs are indicative of what?
Hypocalcemia
75
3 D's -Diuretics -Diarrhea -Drainage from wounds are the causes for?
Hypocalcemia
76
Nervous system is hyperactive in-
Hypocalcemia
77
pt presents with s/s of: -hypotension -Decreased DTR -greatly decreased respiratory rate -hyperreflexia would be indicative of what?
Hypermagnesemia
78
-excessive intake of TUMS -advanced renal failure -DKA are causes of what?
Hypermagnesemia
79
in hypermagnesemia, everything is -
LOW
80
pt presents with s/s of: -tremors -weakness -tachycardia -Irrability -tetany (muscle spasms) -confusion -hyperactive reflexes (increased DTR) would be indicative of what?
Hypomagnesemia
81
-GI loss V/D/NG suction -Chronic alcoholism are the causes of what?
hypomagnesemia
82
In hypomagnesemia, everything is-
HIGH
83
what are the 5 signs of inflammation?
-pain -heat -redness -swelling -loss of function
84
-analgesics -cough medicines -antivirals -symptomatic meds is the treatment for what?
influenza
85
What illness are these risk factors for? -children 2 years old or younger -65 years and older -hospitalization -COPD -smoking -suppressed immune system
pneumonia
86
These treatments are for what illness? -antibiotic therapy -bronchodilators -oxygen therapy -prevention
pneumonia
87
these nursing interventions are used for what? -remove every 2 hours -monitor neuro and sensory status every 2 hours -providers need to renew every 24hrs
Restraints
88
Adaptive or maladaptive coping? Seeking therapy or treatment
Adaptive
89
Adaptive or maladaptive coping? -drinking, feeling sad/withdrawn, not applying for a job because of fear
maladaptive
90
these nonpharmacological treatments are to treat what? -stay in bed and rest -drink plenty of fluids -stay cool (remove clothing/blankets) -take tepid baths
fever
91
These OTC meds are used to treat what? -Acetaminophen -NSAID (Advil or Motrin)
fever
92
What would these treatments help? -rewarming of skin -oral pain meds -loosely wrap injury with sterile towels/dressings to protect skin -NEVER massage area hyperbaric O2 therapy
Hypothermia
93
These nursing interventions are for what? -cool compresses -fluid intake -monitor VS/ administer antipyretics
Heat exhaustion
94
These nursing interventions are for? -immerse pt in cold water -pack pt with ice/cooling blankets -cold fluid IV
Heat stroke

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