Exam 2

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

How a cell with a nucleus duplicate

Question 2

Chromatin

Answer 2

The fiber of DNA and Proteins

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism determined by both its genes

Question 4

Heterozygous Pair

Answer 4

Different versions of alleles of a gene

Question 5

Homologous pair

Answer 5

A set of 2 matching chromosomes

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Region of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Variation of a gene

Question 8

Gamete

Answer 8

Reproductive cell

Question 9

Cell Membrane

Answer 9

Maintains inner chemistry and a boundary between the inner and outer part of the cell

Question 10

Phospholipid

Answer 10

Basic unit of membrane, hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

Question 11

Cholesterol

Answer 11

They hold the phospholipids together as well as change the fluidity of the membrane

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

The spontaneous process by which molecules move from greater concentration to lower

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 14

Central Dogma of Biology

Answer 14

Flow of genetic information within a biological system

Question 15

Modern cell theory

Answer 15

1. All organisms are made up of cells and all life has one or more cells
2. New cells form when old cells divide
3. DNA is passed from cell to cell
4. Energy flows within cells

Question 16

Prokaryotic

Answer 16

No nucleus, bacteria and archaea

Question 17

Eukaryotic

Answer 17

Have a nucleus, protist, animal, plant, fungi

Question 18

Cell nucleus

Answer 18

Stores and protects genetic material, regulates DNA replication

Question 19

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

Synthesize, folding, modification, and transports of proteins

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

Translate the genetic code into chains of amino acids

Question 21

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

Processing and modifying proteins and lipids, also package proteins into vesicles

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Maintain the shape of the cell

Question 23

Kinesin

Answer 23

Assist cells with transportation and are ATP dependent, are a type of protein, it gives cunt

Question 24

Myosin

Answer 24

Help with muscle contractions and are ATP dependent, release ADP and little P

Question 26

ATP synthase

Answer 26

Take in ADP + P and make ATP

Question 27

Chloroplast

Answer 27

Convert light energy to food for plants, PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

Generate ATP

Question 29

Lysosome

Answer 29

Break down and digest various cellular components

Question 30

ATP

Answer 30

Adenosin Triphosphate, cell battery, need to survive

Question 31

Glucose

Answer 31

Long term storage of energy

Question 32

GINA Law

Answer 32

Prohibits some type of genetic discrimination

Question 33

Genome

Answer 33

Entire genetic sequence and information for an organism. Includes every single gene and all the DNA in between them.

Question 34

Gene expression

Answer 34

When a gene undergoes transcription and translation to form a specific RNA or protein

Question 35

Gene regulation

Answer 35

Process in which a cell controls the timing, location, and amount in which genets get expressed.

Question 36

Sister chromatid

Answer 36

A chromosome and its identical copy. The "sister" is created by duplicating DNA into a new strand right before cell division.

Question 37

Chromosome

Answer 37

Very long pieces of DNA, that all together make up the genome. It is made up of a single stand of chromatin. Organisms can have pairs of them. These will condense into packed units during cell division.

Question 38

Meiosis

Answer 38

Process in which a cell creates 4 cells which contain only half of the genetic information. This creates gametes (i.e. sperms or eggs)

Question 39

Zygote

Answer 39

Cell formed by the union of two gametes.

Question 40

Genotype

Answer 40

Genetic makeup of an individual. Can have two of the same variation of an allele(homologous) or different versions of an alleles(heterologous)

Question 41

Homozygous dominant

Answer 41

Two dominant alleles for a particular gene

Question 42

Homozygous recessive

Answer 42

Two identical recessive alleles

Question 43

Crossing over in meiosis

Answer 43

Involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

Question 44

Non-disjunction

Answer 44

Chromosomes that do not separate completely

Question 45

Sexual chromosomes

Answer 45

Determine the sex of an individual

Question 46

Formula of Photosynthesis

Answer 46

6CO2 + 6H2O ➡️ C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 47

How many ATP release with cell resp?

Answer 47

30-32

Question 48

How many ATP released in Fermentation?

Answer 48

2 ATP

Question 49

Formula for Cell Respiration

Answer 49

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➡️ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

Question 50

Who is the father of genetics?

Answer 50

Gregor Mendel