Exam 4

Question 1

Collar cells (Choanocyte)

Answer 1

The inner layer of cells separated by a jelly-like substance called mesophyll.

Question 2

Gastrovascular Cavity

Answer 2

Allows one to digest large organisms. Can eat BIG!

Question 3

Stinging Cells (Cnidocytes)

Answer 3

These cells are concentrated around the mouth and tentacles of the animal and can immobilize prey with toxins.

Question 4

Metamorphosis

Answer 4

Individuals enter one or more larval stages

Question 5

Molting

Answer 5

Periodic shedding of the exoskeleton.

Question 6

Deuterostome

Answer 6

Include chordates and echinoderms. Anus forms first

Question 7

Protostome

Answer 7

Include phyla such as arthropods, mollusks, and annelids. Mouth forms firm

Question 8

Coral Reefs

Answer 8

An ocean ridge formed by marine invertebrates living in warm shallow waters within the photic zone.

Question 9

Photosymbiosis

Answer 9

A type of symbiosis where one of the organisms is capable of photosynthesis

Question 10

Symbiodiniaceae

Answer 10

The scientific name of Algae found in the coral reef ecosystems.

Question 11

Coral bleaching

Answer 11

Corals expel their symbiotic algae and lose their source of food

Question 12

Cause of Coral Bleaching

Answer 12

Caused mainly by heat stress, pollution, ocean acidification, disease, and overfishing

Question 13

Species competition

Answer 13

Also known as intraspecific competition, it is the competition among members of the same species

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

A set of populations in a particular area

Question 15

Ecosystem

Answer 15

All living things in a particular area, together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment

Question 16

commensalism

Answer 16

A symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits while the other member is not affected

Question 17

mutualism

Answer 17

A symbiotic relationship between two species where both species benefit

Question 18

parasitism

Answer 18

A symbiotic relationship between an organism that uses resources from another species: the host

Question 19

Competition

Answer 19

Striving against one another to gain or win something

Question 20

Predation

Answer 20

The preying of one animal on others

Question 21

Predator

Answer 21

An animal that naturally preys on others

Question 22

Food chain

Answer 22

A linear sequence of trophic (feeding) relationships of producers, primary consumers, and higher level consumers

Question 23

food web

Answer 23

A web of trophic(feeding) relationships among producers, primary consumers, and higher-level consumers in an ecosystem

Question 24

Trophic cascades

Answer 24

An ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through the food chain

Question 25

Bioaccumulation

Answer 25

The gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism

Question 26

Biomagnification

Answer 26

An increasing concentration of persistent, toxic substances in organisms at each trophic level, from the producers to the apex consumers

Question 27

Microplastics

Answer 27

Small plastic particles are typically less than 5 mm in size, and they result from the breakdown of larger plastic items or are manufactured as small particles.

Question 28

Stakeholders in conservation

Answer 28

Those who have an interest in or influence on the management and use of natural resources.

Question 29

Vital Capacity

Answer 29

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Question 30

Alveoli

Answer 30

The terminal structure of the lung passage where gas exchange occurs

Question 31

Hemoglobin

Answer 31

A protein in red blood cells that contains iron and is used to transport oxygen around the human body.

Question 32

Hematocrit

Answer 32

Percentage of red blood cells in your blood.

Question 33

Anemia

Answer 33

A problem of not having enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues.

Question 34

Capillaries

Answer 34

The smallest blood vessel that allows the passage of individual blood cells and the site of diffusion of oxygen and nutrient exchange

Question 35

Blood pressure

Answer 35

Measurement of the pressure or force of blood inside your arteries.