Exam 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is Jerome Wakefield’s view of psychopathology?
Wakefield proposed the Harmful Dysfunction model, stating that a mental disorder must involve both dysfunction (failure of a mental mechanism) and harm (negative impact based on societal standards).
Who manages the DSM revision process?
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) manages the DSM revision process.
What is the role of the Task Force in the DSM revision process?
A Task Force oversees updates, while Work Groups focus on specific disorders.
What influences changes in the DSM?
Input from clinicians, researchers, and public feedback influences changes.
What is the alternative diagnostic system used internationally?
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) by the World Health Organization (WHO).
What is the structure of the DSM?
The DSM is mostly categorical, meaning disorders are either present or absent.
What dimensional aspects were introduced in DSM-5?
DSM-5 introduced dimensional aspects for some disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Personality Disorders.
What are some new disorders introduced in DSM-5?
New disorders include Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), Hoarding Disorder, Binge-Eating Disorder, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
What updates were made in DSM-5-TR?
DSM-5-TR includes updates on language and symptom criteria, but no major new disorders.
What major revisions were made to existing disorders in DSM-5?
Autism Spectrum Disorder replaced separate categories, and PTSD moved to its own category (Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders).
What changes were considered but not made for DSM-5?
Adding ‘Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome’ and removing Narcissistic Personality Disorder were considered but not implemented.
How were the early DSM editions characterized?
DSM-I & DSM-II were based on psychoanalytic theory with vague descriptions.
What significant change occurred in DSM-III?
DSM-III introduced atheoretical, symptom-based criteria and a structured format.
What criticisms have been directed at DSM-5?
Criticisms include non-empirical influences, diagnostic overexpansion, and poor interrater reliability for some disorders.
What are the three characteristics of good assessment techniques?
Reliability (consistency of results), validity (measures what it claims to measure), and clinical utility (provides useful information for treatment).
What information is included in case history?
Case history includes medical history, psychiatric history, family background, education, employment, and social relationships.
What are general skills for interviewing?
General skills include empathy, active listening, establishing rapport, and maintaining a nonjudgmental stance.
What are specific interviewing behaviors?
Specific behaviors include eye contact, body language, tone of voice, pacing, and clarifying questions.
What is rapport in the context of interviewing?
Rapport is a trusting relationship between clinician and client, making the client feel comfortable and understood.
What is the difference between directive and nondirective interviewing?
Directive interviewing involves the clinician asking specific questions, while nondirective interviewing allows the client to lead the discussion.
What is the difference between open and closed-ended questions?
Open-ended questions allow for expansive responses (e.g., ‘Tell me about your experiences with anxiety’), while closed-ended questions require a specific answer (e.g., ‘Have you ever had a panic attack?’).
What are active listening techniques?
Active listening techniques include paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, summarizing, confrontation, and clarification.
What are the types of clinical interviews?
Types include intake interview, diagnostic interview, structured diagnostic interview, mental status exam, and crisis interview.
What is the purpose of an intake interview?
An intake interview determines if the client needs treatment and what kind.
