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Clinical Psych > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Eysenck’s controversial conclusion regarding psychotherapy?

A

Claimed psychotherapy was not effective

Eysenck’s conclusion has sparked significant debate in the field of psychotherapy.

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2
Q

Define efficacy in the context of psychotherapy.

A

Controlled, clinical settings; high internal validity.

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3
Q

Define effectiveness in the context of psychotherapy.

A

Real-world settings; high external validity.

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4
Q

What are the components of Strupp’s Tripartite Model?

A
  • Client
  • Therapist
  • Third parties (e.g., society, insurance)
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5
Q

What did findings of efficacy studies indicate about psychotherapy?

A

Psychotherapy is generally effective.

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6
Q

What was a notable flaw in the Consumer Reports Study on psychotherapy outcomes?

A

No control group.

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7
Q

What is the research-practice gap in psychotherapy?

A

Clinicians may not follow research-based treatments.

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8
Q

What does practice-oriented research aim to do?

A

Merges clinical work with research methods.

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9
Q

What are alternate outcome measures in psychotherapy?

A
  • Client satisfaction
  • Quality of life
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10
Q

What is the Dodo Bird Verdict?

A

All therapies are equally effective (debated).

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11
Q

What are common factors in psychotherapy?

A
  • Therapeutic alliance
  • Empathy
  • Warmth
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12
Q

What does Chambless’s work support?

A

Specific treatments for specific disorders (manualized therapy).

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13
Q

List the stages of the Stages of Change Model.

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Preparation
  • Action
  • Maintenance
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14
Q

What is the difference between eclectic and integrative approaches in psychotherapy?

A
  • Eclectic: Selects techniques from various theories
  • Integrative: Blends approaches into a unified system
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15
Q

What are future trends in psychotherapy?

A
  • ↑ Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • ↑ Integration of technology
  • ↓ Traditional psychodynamic approaches
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16
Q

What was Freud’s primary contribution to psychology?

A

Unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, dream interpretation.

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17
Q

What is the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A

Insight into unconscious conflicts.

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18
Q

What are the methods used in psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A
  • Free association
  • Dream analysis
  • Interpretation
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19
Q

Differentiate between free association and word association.

A
  • Free: Say whatever comes to mind
  • Word: Say first word that comes to mind after hearing another
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20
Q

What is a Freudian slip?

A

Verbal mistake revealing unconscious thought.

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21
Q

What is the difference between latent and manifest content in dreams?

A

Latent content is the hidden meaning, manifest content is the literal storyline.

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22
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

Protect the ego from anxiety.

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23
Q

What does resistance mean in therapy?

A

Avoiding distressing thoughts during therapy.

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24
Q

Define transference in psychodynamic therapy.

A

Client projects feelings about important figures onto therapist.

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25
What is working through in psychodynamic therapy?
Repeated interpretation of conflicts.
26
What is the blank screen role of a therapist?
Therapist remains neutral to encourage transference.
27
What are the psychosexual stages according to Freud?
* Oral (dependency) * Anal (control) * Phallic (self-worth)
28
What characterizes brief psychodynamic therapy?
Time-limited; focuses on specific issues.
29
What is Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) focused on?
Relationships; used for depression.
30
What does Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) use to address issues?
Cyclical maladaptive pattern.
31
What are allegiance effects in therapy outcomes?
Outcomes influenced by researcher’s preference for therapy type.
32
What is the core belief of humanistic psychotherapy?
People are inherently good with potential for growth.
33
What is the primary goal of humanistic psychotherapy?
Self-actualization and congruence.
34
Define congruence in humanistic psychotherapy.
Real self ≈ Ideal self.
35
What does self-actualization refer to?
Fulfillment of personal potential.
36
What are conditions of worth?
Internalized expectations that block self-acceptance.
37
What are the three necessary conditions according to Rogers?
* Empathy * Unconditional positive regard * Genuineness
38
Are Rogers' three necessary conditions always sufficient for therapy?
Research says: helpful but not always sufficient.
39
What is existential therapy focused on?
Meaning and existence.
40
What does Gestalt therapy emphasize?
Awareness and present experience.
41
What is the goal of Motivational Interviewing (MI)?
Builds motivation for change.
42
List the principles of Motivational Interviewing.
* Express empathy * Develop discrepancy * Roll with resistance * Support self-efficacy
43
What is the primary goal of behavioral psychotherapy?
Modify behavior through learning principles.
44
Who is associated with the Law of Effect?
Thorndike.
45
Who is known for operant conditioning?
Skinner.
46
How is mental health defined in behavioral psychotherapy?
Behavioral problems themselves (not symptoms of deeper issues).
47
What is exposure therapy used for?
Phobias; systematic confrontation.
48
Differentiate between in vivo and imaginal exposure.
* In Vivo: Real-life exposure * Imaginal: Mental imagery
49
What is systematic desensitization?
Pair relaxation with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
50
What are some relaxation techniques used in therapy?
* Deep breathing * Progressive muscle relaxation
51
What is exposure + response prevention used for?
OCD; prevent compulsions.
52
What is prolonged exposure therapy used for?
PTSD; extended, repeated confrontation with trauma cues.
53
What is assertiveness training designed to do?
Builds social confidence.
54
What are operant techniques in behavioral psychotherapy?
* Reinforcement * Punishment * Token economies
55
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) commonly used for?
Often used for autism; structured behavior change.
56
What does shaping refer to in behavioral therapy?
Reinforcing successive approximations.
57
What is a token economy?
Tokens for desired behaviors, exchanged for rewards.
58
What does behavioral activation aim to treat?
Depression by increasing engagement.
59
What is behavioral consultation?
Indirect therapy via a consultant (e.g., teacher, parent).
60
What does parent training involve?
Teach caregivers reinforcement strategies.

Clinical Psych (2 decks)

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