Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

language development > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

characteristics of IDS

A

high pitch
pitch modulation
high affect
slow speed
clear vowels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

IDS universal?

A

all cultures do it in some form
nativism support: universal phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pros of IDS

A

babies prefer it, makes them more attentive, learn better because they are focused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two more pros of IDS

A

simplification and variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phonology

A

study of all sounds of all world’s languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

geminate

A

long or doubled consonant sound within a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

articulatory constraints

A

difficulty making sounds without something like teeth, need for more development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

classification of speech sounds

A

Voiced/voiceless sounds
Place of articulation
Mode of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do we make voiced/voiceless sounds different

A

vibrations against vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do we change articulation

A

tongue against teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do we change mode of articulation

A

airflow/trill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

protowords

A

between babbling and production of real words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stark stage 1 age

A

newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stark stage 1

A

crying and vegetative sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vegetative sounds

A

noise coming from a physical origin, not intended for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stark stage 2 age

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stark stage 2

A

cooing and laughter, real smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stark stage 3 age

A

16-30 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stark stage 3

A

vocal play/expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of vocal play and expansion

A

more fun
play with themselves, repetitive sounds, screaming/testing volume
consonant and vowel pairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why is mama a common word for infants

A

does not require articulatory effort and is a repetitive CV pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stark stage 4 age

A

6-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stark stage 4

A

reduplicated babble and canonical babbling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reduplicated babble

Study These Flashcards
A

CV patterns like dada and mama

25
stark stage 5 age
12 months
26
stark stage 5
non reduplicated and variegated babble
27
non reduplicated babble
free style or mixed babble playing with pitch/stress/prosody
28
prosody
rhythm, stress, intonation patterns for conveying emotion, emphasis, and sentence structure
29
what affects non reduplicated babble
what babies hear around them including dialects and pronunciations
30
where does babble come from SIDE 1
product of developing motor system, shared components across language, rhythmic alternation between open and closed mouth position
31
how is babbling universal
similar babbling due to vowel sounds and open and closed mouth, vowels will resemble one another but consonants change with language
32
where does babble come from SIDE 2
influenced by target language, not going to look the same universally
33
same language babble similarity
same language babble is more similar than other language babble at same age
34
deaf baby babble
do not produce same sequences, proof that it is not maturational
35
what does babble overlap with
first words
36
lexicon
mental list of words
37
what does lexicon include
lexeme and lemma
38
lexeme
word's form
39
lemma
meaning and information on how the word combines with other words/morphemes and as nouns/verbs/gender
40
segmentation problem
finding the words within a speech stream, distinguishing between start and end words
41
heuristics to segment
changing pitch, longer pauses, phonotactics
42
phonotactics
language specific constraints on allowable consecutive sounds within a specific word
43
Japanese language constraints
CVCV structure, no real consonant clusters
44
loan words and language constraints
altered to fit the constraints of the new language
45
English signals of word breaks examples
mrak hall, m rak hall, mr is not typically an allowable English consonant string
46
segmentation cues
single words ends of utterances statistics about syllable to syllable production frequent words (baby's name) stress patterns typical sound sequences
47
mapping problem
learning meaning of a noun through speech segmentation and identification
48
quine's problem
what does random word refer to? (like bunny in field)
49
quine's problem phenomenon
when we hear a new label, we assume it refers to a whole object and not to a smaller feature
50
taxonomic assumption
assume that new word applies to objects of same kind (category) than to thematically related objects
51
taxonomic assumption example
extend dog to different dog breeds rather than dog's food and leash
52
statistical constraints
a ball and a bat, don't know what is what. a ball and a dog, know dog, assume other is ball
53
mutual exclusivity
if you already have a label for something, you will assign all other labels to other items > no double labeling
54
what overrides mutual exclusivity
subcategories (dog and beagle), whole-part relationships (dog and tail)
55
shape bias
children come equipped with shape bias to extend categories on the basis of shape over another feature (biased towards function)
56
material bias
things can be made of different materials, override shape bias to understand material and shape are different things
57
generalization of nonsolids
"some" signals that it is not solid
58
generalization of shapes
"a" signals that it is solid
59
attentional bias
shape bias and solid things are more closely associated than non solid and material things

language development (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions