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Healthy Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

GAS

A

Proposed by Selye, when an organism confronts a stressor it mobilizes itself for action. Composed of 3 phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

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1
Q

Flight or Fight Response

A

Proposed by Walter Cannon, the body perceives a threat and is motivated by the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system.

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2
Q

Exhaustion

A

Part of the GAS. occurs when the organism fails to overcome the threat and is depleted of its resources

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3
Q

Adrenal Cortex

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Is stimulated during the Flight or Fight response and secretes the hormone Adrenaline

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4
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Flight or Fight Response. Norepinephrine is the NT important to this function

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5
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and Digest function. Acetylcholine is the NT important for this function

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6
Q

HPA Activation

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Activated in response to stress. Releases a hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.

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7
Q

Cortisol

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secretes by the adrenal cortex in response to stress

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8
Q

Chronic Strain

A

People become habituated to stress. Long term stress effects the body. Long term discharge of epinephrine and norepinephrine can lead to the supression of cellular immune function such as increased blood pressure and heart rate

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

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Regulates involunatary functions of the body

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10
Q

Problem Focused Coping

A

involves attempts to do something constructive about the stressful conditions that are harming, threatening, or challenging to an indivuall

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11
Q

Emotional approach coping

A

involves clarifying, focusing, and working through the emotional experience in conjunction with the stressor. This type is very beneficial

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12
Q

High Self Esteem

A

makes coping with stress easier

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13
Q

optimism

A

an optimistic nature can lead people to cope more effectively with stress and thereby reduce their risk for illnes

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14
Q

Active Coping Strategy

A

gathering information and taking direct action towards stress. More successful than avoidant coping strategy

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15
Q

Tangible Support

A

Form of social support that involves the provision of material support through specific services like financial support

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16
Q

Social Support

A

information from others that lets a person know they are loved and cared for, esteemed, and valued and part of a network of communication

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17
Q

Opioids

A

psychoactive drug used to help with pain. Usually in the form of morphine

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18
Q

Histamine

A

immune response to inflammation

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19
Q

Holmes and rahe stress scale

A

43 stressful events that can contribute to illness

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20
Q

Hassles and uplift scale

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A

Questionaire that asks people to determine whether an event is a hassle or an uplift

21
Q

Transactional Model

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A

proposed by richard lazarus, suggest that stress can be thought of as resulting from an imbalance between demands and resources. Stress is caused,not by the stressor but not having the resources and ability to cope with that stressor

22
Q

Stephen Cohen

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A

Developed many scales used to asses stress:

  • Percieved Stress Scale
  • Interpersonal Support Evaluation Scale
23
Q

Hobfoll

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A

Emotional exhaustion

24
Cross Cultural Perspective of Pain
The meaning attached to an experience substantially determines whether it is perceived as painful. For example, how childbirth is seen in other cultures
25
Gate Control Theory
-spinal cord contains neurological gates that either block pain signals or allows them to continue to the brain. The spinal cord differentiates between Alpha fibers and C-Fibers. Gate control theory is often used to explain phantom limb pain and chronic pain
26
3 kinds of pain perception:
1. Mechanical nociception: results from mechanical damage to tissue of the body 2. thermal damage 3. polymodal nociception: pain that triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage
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Acute Pain
Pain that is short term; usually occurs after an injury
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Chronic Pain
Once acute pain becomes long term and affects daily functioning, it is chronic pain
29
Endogenous Opioids
Heroin and morphine; drugs used for pain control
30
Chronic benign pain
pain that persists for 6 months or longer and is relatively unresponsive to treatment. The pain varies in severity. EX: chronic low back pain
31
Migraine
Is a recurrent acute pain; episodes of pain that are acute in character but chronic because they occur longer than 6 months
32
Biofeedback
- method of achieving control over a bodily process to control pain. - involves providing bio feedback to a patient about some bodily process of which the patient is usually unaware. - usually used for migraines and back pain
33
Relaxation Training
- allows patient to enable them to cope more successfully with stress and anxiety - Learn to shift into a relaxed state of mind
34
Acupuncture
-long thin needles are inserted into designated areas of the body that theoretically influence the areas in which a patient us experiencing that disorder
35
Placebo
People get relief from pain for ineffective remedies. They believe that the remedy will work even though it technically does nothing
36
Phantom Limb
After a limb is amputated, the patient can still feel pain in that limb as if it was still there
37
A delta Fibers
- myelinated transmitters that relay sharp pain | - respond to mechanical or thermal pain
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C-Fibers
- unmyelinated and is slow to transmission | - dull aching pain
39
McGill Pain Questionaire
- ask about the nature of pain - throbbing or shooting pain - and intensity
40
Hypochondrias
refers to excessive preoccupancy or worry about having a serious illness. This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition
41
TENS
transcultaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); sends electrical impulses -related to Gate Control Theory
42
Stress Management
1. participants learn what stress is and how to identify stressors 2. They acquire and practice skills for coping with stress 3. They practice these stress management techniques in stressful situations
43
Cognitive-Behavioral
- Self Monitoring - modification of internal dialogue - goal setting - completing homework - positive self talk - self instruction - and contingency contracting (setting a goal and getting a reward)
44
Relaxation Training
- muscle relaxation - guided imagery - meditation - hypnosis
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Symptom Recognition
Recognizing when your body is acting abnormally and might be due to an illness
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Medical Students Disease
any situational factor that makes illness or symptoms especially salient promotes their recognition. -illness is a situational factors. In this sense, when med students study an illness they truly imagine themselves as having that illness
47
Somaticizers
individuals who express distress and conflict through bodily symptoms -related to hypochondrias
48
Medical Delay
form of delay behavior in which the time that elapses between the persons calling for an appointment and actually getting medical attention
49
Alameda County Study
Examines the relationship between lifestyle and health. Experiment found that those who avoided smoking, exercised regularly, had a healthy diet, slept more, and limited their alcohol consumption, lived healthier and longer lives
50
Mass psychogenic illness
Related to mass hysteria. When people believe they are sick, the symptoms manifest themselves without an actual physiological cause

Healthy Psychology (2 decks)

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