Exam 2

Question 0

how many lines per inch are recommended for a stationary grid?

Answer 0

10-12

Question 1

to increase the density of a film by using mAs what would you do?

Answer 1

increase mAs by 100% (double it)

Question 2

when converting from low ratio to high ratio grid what would be the best to do to maintain good film quality?

Answer 2

increase mAs (could increase kv also, but mAs increase decreases scatter

Question 3

if a film is burned out it is said to be?

Answer 3

too dark

Question 4

why would a fixed kv technique be preferred?

Answer 4

contrast is consistent

Question 5

what would produce the least amount of grid lines?

Answer 5

a moving grid

Question 6

exceeding the optimal kv range while maintaining good density would yeild a film that has?

Answer 6

a long scale contrast

Question 7

remnant radiation refers to what?

Answer 7

scatter rays the leave the patient and reach the grid, and primary rays that leave the patient and reach the grid

Question 8

a a general rule when you xray an elderly patient what should you do to your established radiographic technique?

Answer 8

decrease it

Question 9

what increases patient exposure?

Answer 9

increased mAs

Question 10

if you took a lateral cervical with 66kv, 100mAs, 1 10th of a sec, at 72” FFD and it was too light but you could see structures what would you change to retake the film?

Answer 10

increase kv by 15%

Question 11

how much mAs increase is required when you go from a non grid to a 12:1 grid technique?

Answer 11

5 times

Question 12

in an ap lumbar film on a thin patient using 85 kv at 100 mAs with an exposure time of 1/2 a sec and you could see the structures but the film was too light how would you get a better film?

Answer 12

double mAs

Question 13

if you took a 14 x 17 lateral lumbar film and saw the L5-S1 area was too light what would be the best thing to do?

Answer 13

take a 8 x 10 spot lateral and increase the mAs by 60%

Question 14

if you saw a blood vessel axially on a chest film what density would it look like on film?

Answer 14

water

Question 15

if you saw two structures with paralleling tracks of calcification overlying the articular pillars diverging superior and converging inferior, what would you be looking at?

Answer 15

part of the thyroid cartilage

Question 16

how would you fix a grey film that you can still see structures?

Answer 16

double the mAs and decrease the kv by 15%

Question 17

if you took a lateral cervical at 65 kv, and 10mAs without a grid and the film was too light but you can still see structures how would you fix it?

Answer 17

increase kv by 15%

Question 18

if you took a series of ap lumbar films at different settings which would have to lowest contrast?
95 kv, 6.25 mAs
106 kv, 3.75 mAs
58 kv, 60 mAs
85 kv, 8 mAs

Answer 18

106 kv and 3.75 mAs (long scale, wide exposure)

Question 19

if you didn’t use a grid for an ap lumbar film and adjusted the technique to maintain a good density what would be the outcome?

Answer 19

the film would be very grey

Question 20

how would you double the density of a film using kv?

Answer 20

increase kv by 15%

Question 21

if you compared two cervical films one taken at 40” and the other at 72” what difference would you see?

Answer 21

the image on the 72” film would be smaller and clearer

Question 22

what would be a problem if the xray tube shifted laterally from the center of the film?

Answer 22

shape distortion

Question 23

what is the primary purpose of a grid?

Answer 23

to reduce scatter radiation to the film

Question 24

what increases comptons radiation?

Answer 24

higher kvp

Question 25

what term is used when comparing the height of absorbing strips to the width of the interspacing material of a grid?

Answer 25

grid ratio

Question 26

what is the recommended optimal kv range for an ap lumbar film?

Answer 26

80-90

Question 27

when looking for a grid which interspacing material would you want for xraying the spine?

Answer 27

aluminium

Question 28

what best describes back scatter?

Answer 28

scatter that is directly toward the tube

Question 29

if you wanted to alter the film so it had more grey tones what would you do?

Answer 29

increase kv

Question 30

what affect does a reciprocating grid have that a stationary grid does not?

Answer 30

it blurs out grid lines

Question 31

what is recommended for a spinal film when using a stationary grid?

Answer 31

a 10:1 grid ratio

Question 32

if you xray an elderly patient what should you do to your established radiographic technique?

Answer 32

decrease it

Question 33

contrast between structures of different subject densities is due to which of the following?

Answer 33

differential absorption

Question 34

``` which exposure technique would have the lowest contrast? 200 mas, 75 kvp 150 mas, 65 kvp 100 mas, 95 kvp 50 mas, 110 kvp ```

Answer 34

50 mas, 110 kvp (decreased contrast = increased kvp)

Question 35

what best describes the effect that scatter radiation has on a film?

Answer 35

it causes greying of the film

Question 36

``` which radiographic technique would demonstrate the most film grain? 70 kv, 25 mas, for 1 sec 80 kv, 50 mas, for 1/2 sec 90 kv, 100 mas, 1/4 sec 100 kv, 200 mas, for 1/8 sec ```

Answer 36

100 kv, 200mas, for 1/8 sec

Question 37

the ________ is the main function of mAs

Answer 37

film density

Question 38

if you cannot see structures because the film is too light what would you do to retake?

Answer 38

double mAs and increase kv by 15%

Question 39

if you took a lateral cervical at 66 kv and 100 mas and you could see structures but the film was too light what would you do to retake it?

Answer 39

increase kv by 15%

Question 40

what would most likely produce a film with the most visible grain?

Answer 40

a high kvp/low mas film

Question 41

``` which scenario would provide the darkest film? 75 kv 14 mas 65 kv 14 mas 85 kv 14 mas 95 kv 14 mas ```

Answer 41

95 kv 14 mas (increased kv = increades overexposure)

Question 42

how much increase in mas is needed to maintain same density when reducing the xray field from 14 x 17 to 8 x 10?

Answer 42

60%

Question 43

what is not true about an xray beam?

Answer 43

the more peripheral parts of the beam causes less distortion

Question 44

what are the optimal kv ranges?

Answer 44

cervical 75 - 85 ap lumbar 80 - 90 thoracic 85 - 95 full spine 80 - 100

Question 45

a film exposed to secondary radiation will have what appearance?

Answer 45

it greys the film making it dark

Question 46

what would result in an increase in the amount of xrays passing through the patient without interaction?

Answer 46

higher kv

Question 47

what is the main reason that a fixed kv technique is preferred?

Answer 47

contrast is consistent

Question 48

a film that is lighter on one side than the other would indicate?

Answer 48

grid cutoff

Question 49

a lateral cervical film could use what that a lateral thoracic or lumbar shouldn't?

Answer 49

an air gap

Question 50

what decreases contrast?

Answer 50

decreased kv = decreased contrast

Question 51

if you are xraying a young female for scoliosis what view would you use to see thoracic and lumbar segments while taking into account her breast tissue and gonads?

Answer 51

full spine with the patient facing the film

Question 52

what anatomy in a 72 year old patient would most likely absorb the most xrays in a lumbar and pelvic film?

Answer 52

osteoperotic pelvis

Question 53

what is the maximum recommended kv for an 8:1 grid?

Answer 53

90 kv

Question 54

if you wanted to alter the contrast of your film so there were more grey tones what would you increase?

Answer 54

kv

Question 55

what refers to an attenuation of part of the beam by the grid?

Answer 55

grid cutoff

Question 56

what produces the lowest scale of contrast?

Answer 56

wide range between kv and mas

Question 57

what would increase patient exposure?

Answer 57

using a 10:1 stationary grid

Question 58

what is the result of decreasing mas by 1/2?

Answer 58

film density would be decreased?

Question 59

what would cause a decrease in subject density?

Answer 59

disuse atrophy?

Question 60

what could be a problem if your xray tube was laterally shifted from the center of the film?

Answer 60

shape distortion

Question 61

the height of a grids lead strips compared to the width between them is called what?

Answer 61

grid ratio

Question 62

too high of a kv will have which effect on the film?

Answer 62

quantum mottle

Question 63

what is the relationship between kv and mas?

Answer 63

50% decrease in mas is equal to 15% decrease in kv

Question 64

a lateral lumbar film taken at 90 kv and 100 mas and the image was too light but you could see structures what should you do to retake image?

Answer 64

double mas (not kv because the value is already in optimal range for lateral lumbar)

Question 65

what should you do when xraying an elderly female?

Answer 65

decrease mas by 30-50%

Question 66

xrays that exit the patient and hit the film are called what?

Answer 66

remnant rays

Question 67

which grid is recommended for use in chiropractic offices?

Answer 67

focused grid

Question 68

which radiographic projections should use compensating filtration?

Answer 68

ap thoracic, lateral thoracic, and full spine

Question 69

comparing two films with constant kv and mas one taken at 40" and one at 72" what would occur?

Answer 69

increased density of the 40" and decreased image size of the 72"

Question 70

what is the 10 day rule?

Answer 70

10 days after the onset of menses is the safest time for xraying a female

Question 71

an accurate collimator should not allow more than ____% of the SID of light outside of the exposure field?

Answer 71

2%

Question 72

what is most effective at reducing secondary radiation?

Answer 72

filtration