Exam #2

Question 1

Macrolide

Answer 1

AZITHROMYCIN

• Effective against Legionella, pertussis, and diphtheria. Used frequently for RESPIRATORY illnesses and pneumonia.
• Broad Spectrum
• Safest
• Very hard on GI system
• Food in the stomach decreases absorption so give on an empty stomach.
• Convenient drug. (5 day dose pack.)
• Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic

Question 2

Cephalosporin

Answer 2

CEFACLOR
ROCEPHIN
*CAREFUL with penicillin and cephalosporin allergy.
*Concurrent administration of aminoglycosides increases the risk for nephrotoxicity
*4 generations (broad spectrum)
*AVOID ALCHOHOL
*Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic
*PO or IM w/ lidocaine

Question 3

Antimycobacterials

Answer 3

ISONIZID (INH)
RIFAMPIN
*Turn everything orange
*Leprosy & TB
*Treatment can last for 6 months to 2 years. 
*Using these drugs in combination prevents the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria.
*Toxic liver reactions.
*Many drugs react adversely.

Question 4

Lincosamide

Answer 4

CLINDAMYCIN

• Very toxic
• Bone and joint infections
• Don’t take if renal or hepatic impairment.
• Oral, IV, IM, Topical

Question 5

Glycopeptide

Answer 5

VANCOMYCIN

• C-diff & MRSE
• Only used in special circumstances.
• Very harsh on kidneys.
• Harsh on veins
• Toxicities include renal failure, ototoxicity, superinfections and a condition called “red man syndrome”

Question 6

Fluoroquinolone

Answer 6

CIPROFLOXACIN

• Broad Spectrum
• Gram negitive
• Anthrax exposure.
• Can cause very bad rash.
• Can cause tendionitis.
• Photosensativity
• Wear sunscreen.
• IV or PO

Question 7

Aminoglycoside

Answer 7

GENTAMICIN

• Ototoxicity (hearing)
• Nephrotoxicity (kidneys)
• Cant give before surgery. Paralysis with anesthesia.
• BLACK BOX WARNING
• Gram-negitive
• IM or IV
• Bactericidal

Question 8

Penicillin

Answer 8

AMOXICILLIN

• Caution in pregnancy and lactation.
• Caution when taking with other antibiotics. (lower effectivness)
• CHEAP

Question 9

Sulfonamide

Answer 9

COTRIMOXAZOLE

• Mild
• Effective against UTIs, Ear infection, Bronchitis
• Gram (+) and (-)

Question 9

Bactericidal

Answer 9

is a substance that kills bacteria

Question 10

Tetracycline

Answer 10

DOXYCYCLINE

• Damages teeth and bones.
• Super infections
• Rash

Question 11

Bacteriostatic

Answer 11

Prevent growth of bacteria.

Question 12

Prophylaxis

Answer 12

The prevention of disease.

Question 14

Resistance

Answer 14

the capacity of a species or strain of microorganism to survive exposure to a toxic agent (as a drug) formerly effective against it

Question 14

Aerobic

Answer 14

depend on oxygen to live

Question 15

Superinfection

Answer 15

a second infection caused by the damage to the bodies normal flora.

Question 16

Anaerobic

Answer 16

don’t use oxygen

Question 17

Gram-negitive

Answer 17

are a class of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain (PINK)

Question 18

Gram-positive

Answer 18

Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be (PURPLE)

Question 19

Anti-infectives

Answer 19

drugs that can either kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading

Question 20

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 20

an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria

Question 21

immunocompromised pts

Answer 21

antibiotics kill off only some of the invading pathogens in order for your immune system to kick in and finish fighting, when your immune system is so low it can cause even more of an infection.

Question 22

4 ways microorganisms develop resistance

Answer 22

1) producing and enzyme that deactivates the antimicrobial drug
2) changing cellular permeability to prevent the drug from entering the cell wall
3) Altering transport systems
4) Altering binding sites

Question 23

3 ways to prevent resistance

Answer 23

1) Limit use of antibiotics
2) Highest dose for long enough duration.
3) Cautious of overuse.

Question 25

4 conditions prophylactic therapy is recommended.

Answer 25

1) Traveling where malaria is endemic 2) Surgery 3) Dental Work 4) Cardiac conditions.

Question 26

4 advantages of combination therapy.

Answer 26

1) Smaller dose of each drug. 2) Drugs can enhance the other. 3) Some infections are caused by more than one organism. 4) Delay resistant strains.

Question 27

5 most common adverse effects.

Answer 27

1) Kidney damage. 2)GI toxicity. 3)Superinfection 4) 5)Hypersensitivity

Question 28

3 important blood panels to check before admin to geri pt.

Answer 28

1) Renal 2) Hepatic 3) WBC

Question 29

The drugu to drug interactions with Cephalospoins.

Answer 29

1) Aminoglycosides 2) Anticoagulants 3) Alchohol

Question 30

Ototoxicity

Answer 30

Hearing loss/Dizziness

Question 31

Secondary infection

Answer 31

Overgrowth of organisms resistant to current antibiotic therapy.

Question 32

Nephrotoxicity

Answer 32

Increase in BUN and creatinine.

Question 33

Hepatotoxicity

Answer 33

Elevation in AST, ALT, LDH, and alkaline phosphate.

Question 34

Phlebitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of a vein.

Question 35

Oliguria

Answer 35

Reduction of formation and excretion of urine.

Question 36

Protienuria

Answer 36

Increased albumin in urine.

Question 37

Hyporpthrombinemia

Answer 37

Poor blood clotting.