Exam 2

Question 1

what are the 4 predictors of divorce (the 4 horsemen)

Answer 1

1. criticism
2. defensiveness
3. contempt
4. withdrawal

Question 2

name 3 types of attraction

Answer 2

1. task - desire to complete task w/ some1
2. physical - appearance/demeanor
3. social - want to hang out w/ some1

Question 3

Explain the interdependency theory of rewards, costs, and comparison levels

Answer 3

1. rewards - gratifying experiences
2. costs - undesirable experience
3. comparison - describes the value of the outcomes we THINK we deserve

OUTCOME = REWARDS - COSTS
OUTCOMES - CL = HAPPY/NOT HAPPY

Question 4

what are 6 different attitudes people have about love ?

Answer 4

1`. eros: romantic

2. ludus: gameplay
3. storge : friendship
4. pragma: logical
5. mania: possessive/dependent
6. agape: all giving/selfless

Question 5

Explain the stages of Social Penetration

Answer 5

1. Orientation: first interaction. know w/out risk
2. Exploratory: move beyond casual. test waters
3. Affective: frequent self-disclosure, tell inner thoughts
4. Stable: intimate details of self-disclose

Question 6

Explain Guttman’s Progression of Social Penetration

Answer 6

these stages are cumulative

1. breadth and depth: can be intimate/superficial
2. norm of reciprocity: self-disclose back and forth
3. self disclosure is risky: advanced, SD no longer risky

Question 7

Explain 2 forms of uncertainty

Answer 7

1. cognitive: uncertain about what they’re thinking

2. behavioral: uncertain bout what they’re going to do, why they did it

Question 8

What are 8 characteristics of self-disclosure

Answer 8

1. breadth
2. depth
3. usually dyadic
4. reciprocal
5. occurs over time
6. relatively rare (not occur often)
7. usually performed in context of possible relationship (ppl we trust and feel accepted)
8. evaluative/ descriptive: feelings, judgments, reporting facts. (“I hate ham”, “I’m an alcoholic”)

Question 9

What are the 3 functions of self-disclosure

Answer 9

1. catharsis: get it off your chest
2. clarification: learn more info
3. self-awareness: learn more bout ourselves & what we are ok w/ self-disclosing

Question 10

In the Johari Window Model, what does it mean to be “open”

Answer 10

Open when fact is known to self and known to others

• varies from person to person
• reveal=more open
• matter of choice

Question 11

In the Johari Window Model, what does it mean to be “blind”

Answer 11

Blind when fact is unknown to self but known to others

• other ppl know, we’re not aware
• unaware of impact
• ie. interrupting ppl, but don’t realize you’re doing it, causes reactions

Question 12

In the Johari Window Model, what does it mean to be “hidden”

Answer 12

Hidden when fact is known to self but unknown to others

-we know but not revealing

Question 13

In the Johari Window Model, what does it mean to be “unknown”

Answer 13

Unknown when fact is unknown to self and unknown to others

-info will eventually become known

Question 14

Know the Valence/Content Model and the Attributional Analysis of Self-Disclosure

Answer 14

• explanations for why we received disclosure from someone.
• impacts disclosure reciprocity & eval of that person
• content: what/whom disclosure is attributed
• valence: either positive, negative, or neutral

Question 15

what are 4 reasons for relational dissolution

Answer 15

1. conscious choice
2. atrophy: ppl grow apart
3. separation: proximity
4. death

Question 16

What are some direct ways to break up

Answer 16

1. direct dump: statement, accept w/ no refusal
2. dating other people
3. justification: explain why its over. save face of other
4. relationship talk trick:”need to talk”, attempt conclusion = decide its over

Question 17

what are some indirect ways to break up

Answer 17

1. avoidance : proximity, more distressing, decrease contact
2. relational ruses: tricking into breaking up w/ YOU
3. withdrawal of supportiveness
4. pseudo de-escalation: hinting need time apart, rarely work
5. cost escalation: make cost so high they no longer want to date

Question 18

name all the tactics for breaking up

Answer 18

1. direct/indirect
2. unilateral-bilateral: one person/both want to end
3. self-other orientation: concern bout self/other person. if self–>manipulative to get away. if other oriented –> let down gently, concerned w/ feelings

Question 19

Name 3 theories on Marital Selection

Answer 19

1. Winches Complimentary Needs
2. Instrumental Theory
3. Stimulus - Value - Role Theory

Question 20

Explain Winches Complimentary Needs

Answer 20

• similarities is why we pick someone
• also pick based on complimentary needs
• -> I like to eat, find someone who likes to cook

Question 21

Explain Instrumental Theory

Answer 21

• want to be pair w/ someone who brings more rewards & less costs
• drawn to those similar to us

Question 22

Explain Stimulus Value Role Theory (SVR)

Answer 22

• free choice situation
• attracted based on assets/liabilities
• stimulus is first impression
• -> physical
• ->status
• ->career
• value is comparison stage
• ->must have equal amt of stimuli variables
• -> then begins to bring internal needs/desires
• -> lots of verbal interaction

role, establishment stage

• -> fairly good relationship
• -> decision to function together in various roles
• -> compatibility

Question 23

What are the couple type in Marriages

Answer 23

1. traditional
2. independent
3. separate

Question 24

explain a traditional marriage and its communication behaviors

Answer 24

• regular schedule
• women take man name
• engage in conflict when matter
• fewer disagreements
• lots of self disclose w/ each other, not others

Question 25

explain a independent marriage and its communication behaviors

Answer 25

- high companionship, good sharing - quality different from traditional - psychologically close, not physically - hard maintain consistent schedule - nonconventional values - some assertiveness but more willing to engage in conflict. - lots of "one-up" communication - avpid discussing significant issues - negative disagreements

Question 26

explain a separate marriage and its communication behaviors

Answer 26

- low companionship - don't share much - individuality important - avoid open conflict - talk less - look for external reasons when conflict occurs to explain it (outside sources)