Exam 2

Question 1

Cell associated cytotoxicity occurs in which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 1

Type 2

Question 2

mechanism/s for cell damage in type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 2

all of the above

classical complement cascade, activation of natural killer cells, opsonization

Question 3

Incompatible blood transfusion could induce a hemolytic reaction that results in intravascular lysis of the RBC’s, and release of ______ from lysed cells.

Answer 3

Hemoglobulin

Question 4

Antibodies bind to antigens and cause _____

Answer 4

all of the above

opsonization, agglutination, neutralization

Question 5

______ regions in both chains of antibody are responsible for fixing compliment.

Answer 5

Constant

Question 6

Which of the following Immunoglobulin is NOT able to activate the complement system by classic pathway?

Answer 6

IgD

IgDenied

Question 7

C1 component of complement has a receptor for which of the following fragments of the immunoglobulin?

Answer 7

F-c

Question 8

which of the following components of the complement primarily undergoes activation in the lectin complement pathway?

Answer 8

C3

Question 9

T4 helper cells are able to recognize foreign antigens in combination with which of the following classes of the major histocompatibility complex?

Answer 9

class II molecules

Question 10

a fetus can produce immunoglobulins of which of the following classes?

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

this component of complement that is produced during complement activation, is the most important opsonin for activation of phagocytic cells

Answer 11

C3

Question 12

Which of the following components of complement is called anaphylatoxin?

Answer 12

C5a and C3a

Question 13

in secondary antibody responses the antibodies of which of the following classes of immunoglobulin is produced most?

Answer 13

IgG

Question 14

theoretically, type _____ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks ______

Answer 14

O, antigens

Question 15

An example of a type I hypersensitivity is ______

Answer 15

atopy

Question 16

Type II hypersensitivities are due to

Answer 16

activation of cytotoxic T cells

Question 17

properties of happens include:

Answer 17

reactivity but no immunogenicity

Question 18

an antigen that occurs in various tissues of same species is referred to as

Answer 18

alloantigen

Question 19

antigenic site that bind to antibody are called _____

Answer 19

epitopes

Question 20

small molecules that have antigenic determinant group and are not immunogenic are, ______.

Answer 20

Penicillin and catechol

Question 21

some bacterial toxins are super-antigens. presence of super antigens in an infection blocks activation of t-cells

Answer 21

false

Question 22

b- cells have the ability to respond to antigens such as ___________

Answer 22

all of the above

protein, polysaccharide, carbohydrate

Question 23

this antibody has lowest percent in blood circulation and has harmful effect

Answer 23

IgE

Question 24

the T helper cells produce ______, that stimulates a general increase in the activity of committed B-cells.

Answer 24

interleukin- 2

Question 25

because of the lack of Fc receptor on phagocytic cells, this antibody cannot function as opsonin

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

a cytokine, interleukin-1 produced by ______, activates the T helper cells (mature, and proliferate)

Answer 26

Macrophage

Question 27

C3 is not a stable molecule and is constantly undergoing spontaneous low level activation. spontaneous activation of C3 is most likely to happen on cell surface components.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

which of the following is antigen presenting cell?

Answer 28

dendritic cells

Question 29

Deficiency or low levels of _____ can cause recurrent bacterial infection (pyogenic bacteria).

Answer 29

all of the above | C1, C2, C3, C4

Question 30

combination of which of the following components of complement is called membrane attack complex?

Answer 30

C5b, C6b, C7b, C8b, C9b

Question 31

in generation of atopic hypersensitivity, fixation of IgE to ______ occurs via the Fc fragment

Answer 31

Mast cells and basophils

Question 32

the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is composed of a cluster of genes located ______

Answer 32

chromosome 6

Question 33

the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as _______

Answer 33

Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Question 34

In which of the following responses T cells are involved?

Answer 34

cell mediated response

Question 35

increased concentration of _______ antibody indicate parasitic infetion

Answer 35

IgE

Question 36

serum sickness can be caused by ______

Answer 36

all of the above | Bee venom, infection of antibiotics, injection of serum

Question 37

antibodies (immunoglobulin) are _____ globulin proteins on the surface of B cells that react specifically with antigen

Answer 37

Y (gamma)

Question 38

mechanisms for cell damage in type II hypersensitivity

Answer 38

all of the above | classical complement cascade, natural killer cells, opsonization

Question 39

incompatible blood transfusion could induce a hemolytic reaction that results in intravascular lysis of the RBC's and release of ____ from lysed cells

Answer 39

hemoglobin

Question 40

a fetus can produce immunoglobulins of which of the following classes?

Answer 40

IgM

Question 41

Protein based antigens require help of special class of ________ to activate B cells

Answer 41

Tcells (T helper cells)

Question 42

Which of the following components of compliment is called anaphyatoxin

Answer 42

C3a and C5a

Question 43

C1 component of complement has a receptor for which of the following fragments of the immunoglobulin?

Answer 43

F-c

Question 44

which of the following components of the complement primary undergoes activation in the alternative complement pathway?

Answer 44

C3

Question 45

which of the following components of complement is the most important component that function as opsonin?

Answer 45

C3

Question 46

T4 helper cells are able to recognize foreign antigens in combination with which of the following classes of the major histocompatibility complex?

Answer 46

Class II molecules

Question 47

B-cells could be activated by an unprocessed antigen

Answer 47

false

Question 48

which of the following immunoglobulins is not able to activate the complement system by classic pathway?

Answer 48

IgE

Question 49

both chains of antibody (H and L) are held together by _____.

Answer 49

Disulfide bond

Question 50

______ in both chain of antibody are responsible for antigen binding

Answer 50

V region

Question 51

the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is composed of a cluster of genes located ______

Answer 51

Chromosome 6

Question 52

the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as ______

Answer 52

human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Question 53

Class III codes for molecules for ____

Answer 53

complement component

Question 54

a fetus is not able to produce IgG class immunoglobulins

Answer 54

true

Question 55

which of the following is antigen presenting cell?

Answer 55

macrophage

Question 56

an antigen that accord in various tissues of different species is referred to as

Answer 56

heterophilic antigen

Question 57

deficiency in the early lectin and classical pathway components ( C1, C2, C4) cause

Answer 57

Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex disease)

Question 58

J chain is a glycopeptide chain associated with which of the following immunoglobulin

Answer 58

IgA and IgM

Question 59

Properties of happens include

Answer 59

reactivity but no immunogenicity

Question 60

in primary response (during early stage) most of the antibodies are the _____ type which is the first class antibody to be secreted by naive plasma cells, later the class of antibody is switched to ______

Answer 60

IgA-----, IgG

Question 61

Fab of antibody can clear the infection by

Answer 61

Neutralize toxin and Opsonize microbe

Question 62

The IgE (Fc) antibody can bind to certain receptor on the membrane of cells such as mast cells, basophilic and neutrophilic and lymphocyte that mediate inflammation and allergy.

Answer 62

false?