Exam #2

Question 1

Value Studies

Answer 1

Study of the forces causing motion

*Any human action is display of value if proceeded by choice.

Judgment -> Choice -> Act

Question 2

Choice

Answer 2

Expresses a value

Choosing to do (or not do) something is expressing value.

Question 3

Judgment

Answer 3

Generates the “power” (value) that empowers the choice, which is then demonstrated by your Act.

Process:

1. Call to measure (interruption of flow). - Brakelights
2. Scale - The value used. Part of experience used in judgment.
3. Apply - Leads to the Choice.

Question 4

Factual Judgment

Answer 4

Judgment where public scale is used.

(True / False - not opinion)

Anyone is entitled to the judgment

Question 5

Value Judgment

Answer 5

Private scale (opinion)

3 Categories:

• Aethetical
• Ethical
• Social / Legal

The scale being the “value” used. A principle, act, or goal from experience.

Question 6

Value

Answer 6

The part of experience used as thd scale in judgment.

Can be a:

Principle (study 3 hrs for 1 of class)

Act / Quality (study until tired)

Goal (study until I know enough)

Question 7

Extrinsic Value

Answer 7

A value that you, or someone else brings to the judgment.

Part of value due to experience.

Question 8

Intrinsic Value

Answer 8

Value in and of itself.

Replaces “empirical” in value studies.

Intrinsic value of dry erase marker – Black.

Question 9

Aesthetics

Answer 9

The study of Art, and our response to Art.

See “Art” ->

Aesthetical Response? / Appreciate? ->

It is beautiful or HAS beauty.

Question 10

Art

Answer 10

The object or sensation causing the Aesthetical Response.

No Aesthetical Response? -> No Art.

Question 11

Aesthetical Response

Answer 11

A call from your senses to judge.

Do you “Appreciate” it?

Question 12

Beauty

Answer 12

The Scale of appreciation or aesthetical response

OR

A property of Art.

(Can be sensed extrinsically or intrinsically)

Question 13

Ethics

Answer 13

The branch of value studies that studies moral conduct.

What “Ought / ought not” to be.

Question 14

Ethic (noun)

Answer 14

• Measures moral conduct
• Guides moral conduct (path to “moral conduct”)
• Aristotle’s def:
  
  • When “x” is designed to do “m”, then a “good” is the degree to which “m” is accomplished.

The scale used.

Question 15

Good

Answer 15

Successful conduct or action from an ethic.

“moral” behavior.

Question 16

Moral

Answer 16

Successful conduct or action driven by an ethic.

“Good” behavior or action.

Jake has an ethic of “food is most important thing”, jake steals so that he can eat, Jake is being “Moral” since he’s following his own ethic.

Question 17

Immoral

Answer 17

Conduct / action NOT driven by a person’s Ethic.

Violating own ethic.

Jake told me he thinks stealing is wrong no matter what, Jake steals, he’s being Immoral.

Question 18

Ethical

Answer 18

Using a good ethic, at the right time.

Correctly chosen, solid ethic, put in action.

Question 19

Unethical

Answer 19

3 Ways:

• A negative measurement of someone’s ethic.
  
  • Jake’s ethic of “stealing is ok” is wrong.
• Using the wrong ethic
• Using the right ethic, but doing nothing.

Unethical != Immoral (action violating their ethic)

Question 20

Meta-ethics

Answer 20

Study of the language of ethical discourse.

Using definition to explain ethical / unethical behavior.

Question 21

Descriptive Ethics

Answer 21

Describes what “most” seem to be doing.

“Generally, people are stealing because they’re hungry”

Question 22

Normative Ethics

Answer 22

Standards

“Have-to” ethics.

Attempts to become FACT

“You must believe that men are inferior to women”

Question 23

Deontological Ethics

Answer 23

Branch of normative ethics

Ethic is a principal of duty, w/ no regard to goals or situation.

2 ways:

• Natural Formalism - Principle comes from YOU.
• Religious Formalism - Princple from someone ELSE.

Question 24

Natural Formalism

Answer 24

(deontological ethics)

Principal arises from YOU.

Question 25

Categorical Imperitives

Answer 25

(natural formalism) The "call to duty" or moral law within. 3 Categorical Imperitives: * Universality (golden rule) * Humanity as end (never use a person) * Autonomy (acting only b/c moral compass within)

Question 26

The 3 Categorical Imperatives

Answer 26

* Universality (Golden rule) * Humanity as end (never use a person) * Autonomy (acting only b/c of moral compass w/in)

Question 27

Religious Formalism

Answer 27

(deontological ethic) Ethical principle of duty put on you by someone else.

Question 28

Teleological Ethics

Answer 28

Goal - oriented ethics. "Aiming" for goal End justifies the means. 2 types: * Utilitarianism - Goal for something "that works". * Humanism - Goal for good of group / planet.

Question 29

Utilitarianism

Answer 29

(teleological ethic) Goal for something "that works"

Question 30

Humanism

Answer 30

(teleological ethic) Goal for good of group / planet, etc..

Question 31

Relativism

Answer 31

No set norm, adaptable, best in the "moral situation". (you had to be there)

Question 32

Social / Legal Ethics

Answer 32

Standard is in law / social custom Doing the "right" thing Outside standard. A "right" - Operating within the confines of outside standards provided by society / gov't.

Question 33

Human Right

Answer 33

The ability to have civil rights The right to be alive and have concept (social contract) Precedes civil rights.

Question 34

Civil Rights

Answer 34

Rules put in place to prevent violation of a person's human right. "ought to be doing" due to agreement of social contract OR Equal access to distribution from society 4 things: Health(safety), Structure(maintain contract), Internal Policing(maintain distribution), External Protection. (tax protects economy, military -\> war, etc.)

Question 35

Civil Liberties

Answer 35

When "rules" fail to distribute benefit Claim exemption from a social contract for the civil rights of a higher right/contract/society. "exercising my civil liberty"

Question 36

Civil Disobedience

Answer 36

An attempt to change an unjust society from within. society violates civil rights -\> civil disobedience (talk -\> withold support / shut down, reform society)

Question 37

Ethic VS. Civil Right

Answer 37

Is a social grouping mentioned? Is there a social contract present?