Exam #3

Question 1

Epistemology

Answer 1

The study of knowledge, sources, nature, validity.

Question 2

Knowledge

Answer 2

Your experience organized by your self.

Question 3

Experience

Answer 3

doh…

Question 4

Sense data

Answer 4

Information from any of your senses.

Errors:

• Problem with organs or environment.
• Not paying full attention.
• Looking for what you “see”. Seeing what you want to.
• Overlooking the common.
• Perception because of who you are. (personality, status, etc. (mom, single, etc.)

Question 5

Empiricism

Answer 5

Belief that sense data is the trustworthy one

Question 6

Secondary data

Answer 6

Books, news, etc.. Sources other than experience / senses.

Errors:

• How current is it, did anything change?
• Reason why the data exists? (entertainment, argument?)
• Authority (if reason is to give facts, are they qualified?)
• Research supported?

Question 7

Conscious analysis

Answer 7

“Putting things together”. What did you consider to come up with that?

Question 8

Rationalism

Answer 8

The belief that consciously analyzed data is trustworthy kind.

Question 9

A priori knowledge

Answer 9

True apart from experience. “Before blending (w/ experience)”

Question 10

A posteriori knowledge

Answer 10

Knowledge blended with experiences. “After blending”

Question 11

Unconscious analysis

Answer 11

“Intuition”. (I just know)

Question 12

Subjective

Answer 12

Something is subjective if it is available only to you. All knowledge is subjective since it is experience organized by your self.

Question 13

Objective

Answer 13

Things available for others

Question 14

Subjectivism

Answer 14

Belief that knowledge IS the world we live in. “as we know the world”

Question 15

Subjectivist

Answer 15

Believes all knowledge is the world we live in.

Question 16

Primary qualities

Answer 16

Qualities that cannot be changed. (wall solid)

Question 17

Secondary qualities

Answer 17

Qualities that can be changed. (wall white/blue)

Question 18

Solipsism

Answer 18

Subjectivism to the extreme. “My knowledge is all there is.” I alone exist.

Question 19

Objectivism

Answer 19

Belief that some knowledge is true apart from our selves. “World outside ourselves”.

Question 20

Objectivist

Answer 20

Believes some of what I know is true of an independent world.

Question 21

Non sequitor argument

Answer 21

(form of subjectivism) Offers true evidence but conclusion “does not follow”

Question 22

Tautology

Answer 22

Argument that adds no new information.

Question 23

Idols of the mind

Answer 23

The 4 filters of the mind. Used to remove subjectivity.

Question 24

Idol of the Tribe

Answer 24

Our attachment to a large group. (Educators or humans) - If 2 mentioned, usually Cave instead.

Question 25

Idol of the Cave

Answer 25

Attachment to a subgroup of Tribe. (Educators at community college). Our perception as affected by subgroups.

Question 26

Idol of the Marketplace

Answer 26

Choosing words that will buy meaning in the marketplace. Language of groups.

Question 27

Idol of the Theater

Answer 27

The worldview at the time spoken. The "Atmosphere". Subjectivism created out of fiction or negligence. "statistics".

Question 28

Assertion

Answer 28

The meaning that you intend in your sentence. Comes from language.

Question 29

Correspondence test

Answer 29

Does it correspond to an actual state of affairs? Check factual judgments. Publicly held scale.

Question 30

Coherence test

Answer 30

Does it fit with accepted truths? Relative truth.

Question 31

Pragmatic test

Answer 31

There is no static truth. Truth is in the act or what happens. It "works" in the now.

Question 32

Logic

Answer 32

The study of an argument.

Question 33

Argument

Answer 33

A set of assertions. One of which is claimed to "follow" from the others. (Premises leading to a conclusion)

Question 34

Premise

Answer 34

The evidence offered in an argument.

Question 35

Conclusion

Answer 35

What is claimed to "follow" from the evidence.

Question 36

Inference

Answer 36

How you move from premises to conclusion. (deductive or inductive)

Question 37

Deductive argument

Answer 37

Conclusion "must" follow from premises. (usually scientific) If "a" then "b". A =\> B

Question 38

Inductive argument

Answer 38

Argument follows by inference. "It probably follows that ... "

Question 39

Fallacy

Answer 39

Any error in argument. (e.g. false premise)

Question 40

Valid

Answer 40

A deductive argument that is good. (premises are true)

Question 41

Invalid

Answer 41

A deductive argument with a fallacy.

Question 42

Strong

Answer 42

An inductive argument with true premises that "probably" follows.

Question 43

Weak

Answer 43

An inductive argument with a fallacy. A weak argument can be salvaged by strengthening premises or inference required.

Question 44

How do you gain knowledge from sense data, and how can there be errors?

Answer 44

Information from you senses.

Question 45

How do you gain knowledge from secondary data, and how can there be errors?

Answer 45

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Question 46

How might an objectivist respond to a subjectivist statement?

Answer 46

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Question 47

How might a statement reflect a person's subjectivism?

Answer 47

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Question 48

Give an example of each Idol of the Mind.

Answer 48

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Question 49

Demonstrate the validity of your claim about the reading you did.

Answer 49

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Question 50

Explain knowledge in a topic using the tests of truth.

Answer 50

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