exam 2

Question 1

Soft palate

Answer 1

• may have veloppharyngeal impairment (mobility and sufficient tissue are very imp)

Question 2

If a chd has velopharngeal inadequacy which phonemes are affected

Answer 2

• Fricatives
• Affricatives
• Stops

Question 3

Nasopharynx

Answer 3

• Adenoids/ nasopharyngeal tonsils
• May be hypertrophied- chd possible hypo nasal
• Adenoids can compensate for short or partially immobile soft palate assisting w/ VP closure
• Can block the Eustachian tube opening in nasopharynx depriving middle ear of ventilation

Question 4

Hard palate

Answer 4

• Normal variations don’t present a problem
• Highly vaulted arched palate might be problematic
• Problems if there is a cleft of if partially or completely removed secondary due to cancer
  o Prostheses and pharyngeal flaps help
  o Cleft of HP are typically repaired during the first 12-24 months of life
  o Scarring from surgery has not been found to interfere with articulation

Question 5

Teeth

Answer 5

• Teeth and dental arch alignment are generally not related to artic errors, but they can be of the condition is drastic
• Teeth are imp for the production of /f, v/ voiced and voiceless “th”
• Look at the condition- may be missing or misaligned
• Extra or “supernumerary” teeth present no risk unless they erupt out of the palate

Question 6

Class I malocclusion

Answer 6

dental arches are aligned but a few teeth are misaligned

Question 7

Class II malocclusion

Answer 7

lower jaw is receded and the upper jaw is protruded; overbite (maxilla over mandible)

Question 8

Class III Malocclusion

Answer 8

lower jaw is protruded and upper jaw is receded; under bite

Question 9

Ankyloglossia

Answer 9

short lingual frenulum)

• Usually not a problem unless really short
• If they produce /t,d,l/ then don’t worry

Question 10

Glossectomy

Answer 10

(partial or total removal of the tongue due to cancer)

- Patients can regain decent enough articulation although some intelligibility is lost

Question 11

Dysarthia

Answer 11

Motor speech disorder associated with PNS or CNS damage

- Speech muscles weak, uncoordinated or paralyzed

Question 12

Dysarthia us due to cased by

Answer 12

• TBI, CVA (stroke), degenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy
• Depends on site of lesion

Question 13

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 13

Neuro-motor disorder in chd

- non progressive

Question 14

Cerebral Palsy is due to

Answer 14

Due to brain injury or brain malformation that occurs before, during or immediately after birth (prenatal, perinatal, post natal)

Question 15

Chdhood apraxia of speech occurs in 3 conditions

Answer 15

1. Neurological Impairment
2. Complex Neurodevelopment disorder
3. Idiopathic speech disorder

Question 16

Neurological impairment

Answer 16

intrauterine stroke, TBI

- Positive findings on an MRI of the brain

Question 17

Complex Neurodevelopment disorder

Answer 17

can occur as a secondary characteristic of other conditions such as genetic or metabolic
- Occurring w/ Autism, Fragile X or form of epilepsy

Question 18

Idiopathic speech disorder

Answer 18

a disorder of ‘unknown’

• W/ this condition we currently don’t know why the chd may have CA’s
• They do not have observable neurological abnormalities or easily observed neurodevelopmental conditions

Question 19

Problems found in chd w/ significant hearing loss

Answer 19

1. Omission of initial and final consonants (or weak)
2. Many diphthong and vowel substitutions
3. Inappropriate prosody
4. Pitch too high to low
5. More frequent pauses
6. Epenthesis
7. Hyper nasality
8. Produce distorted consonants and vowels

Question 20

Molecular genetics

Answer 20

Allows research to investigate the genes responsible for any disease or disorder

Question 21

Heritable traits

Answer 21

that can result in a speech, lang, or reading disorder

• Heritable variations of genes across the population
• Some genes may affect both language and speech
• Language and speech disorders may occur alone or together
• All genetically linked

Question 22

Characteristics of tongue thrust

Answer 22

• During swallowing, tongue tip comes forward tip in contact w/lower lip
• @ Rest tongue is carried forward; tip is in b/t or against anterior teeth while mandible is open
• During speech, tongue is fronted and against or b/t anterior teeth while mandible is slightly open
• Can contribute to malocclusion

Question 23

Considerations in the assessment and treatment of chd who speak spanish, AAE and asian lang

Answer 23

• Make sure you have an interpreter speak the same dialect
• Get a conversational sample in ( in primary + secondary Lang)
• Only treat disorders, not differences
  IN TX: referral, case history, social fam issues/education, assessment (standard testing formal testing) identify and treat true errors in primary lang
• Treat phonological patterns in second lang
• Help chd be more intelligible
• Conversational speech sample is critical
• Check w/ caregivers and community members
• Give standardized test and score in a dialect sensitive manner
  DELV- diagnostic evaluation of lang variation

Question 24

Guidelines for providing therapy for chd who speak 2 lang in PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Answer 24

We are not allowed to do elective TX to teach MAE

- There must be a disorder

Question 25

Guidelines for providing therapy in PRIVATE PRACTICE/ CLINIC

Answer 25

Clients may seek elective services if they want to become more proficient w/ MAE for social/ business/ career GOAL- fluent bidialectalism

Question 26

Factors that influence chds use of AAE

Answer 26

1. Age – younger chd use it more 2. Socioeconomic status – low SES fam use it more than middle and upper SES 3. Geographic location – more in the south 4. Education – less in highly educated families 5. Gender – more boys than girls

Question 27

Role of intelligence and speech sounds

Answer 27

IQ of 70 or lower: probably will have SSD - Other than that no demonstrated relationship b/t IQ and articulation - Speech sound slowly learned in same sequence, just more slowly

Question 28

Chd with lang disorders may use...

Answer 28

``` o Incomplete sentences o Shorter utterances o Less complex language As sentence length and complexity increase Speech Sound Errors increase ```

Question 29

What has been implicated in poor reading ability in young chd

Answer 29

Decreased phonological awareness skills

Question 30

ASHA's position on tongue thrust

Answer 30

TT occurs w/speech problems in some clients - Assessment and treatment of TT within SLP scope of practice - SLP must be highly trained and work on a team w/appropriate professionals such as dentist, orthodontist and allergist

Question 31

Research on auditory discrimination

Answer 31

RESEARCH: training discrimination only affected discrimination but training correct production helped both AD and production

Question 32

Motor skills test

Answer 32

Test w/ measure of diadocholometic rate (DDK)

Question 33

CHD all over the globe exhibit phonological processes

Answer 33

- Consonant cluster reduction - Fronting of Velars - Stopping of Fricatives

Question 34

Simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 34

Learn 2 languages or introduction to 2 lang at the same time

Question 35

Successive bilingualism

Answer 35

Dual phonological system

Question 36

Orofacial Myology

Answer 36

Study of relationship among dentition, speech and non speech tongue and facial muscles

Question 37

Pidgin

Answer 37

A simplified and limited system of verbal communication that develops out if necessity when 2 communities with no common lang are forced by circumstances to communicate with each other

Question 38

Creole

Answer 38

A pidgin may develop into a Creole - A more complex system of primary communication w/ its own phonological semantic, syntactic and pragmatic rules - Then maybe taught into to chd by their parents as the main or only means of communication