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Ocular Pharmacology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

50% Glycerin

A

Hyperosmotic (Oral)
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies
Caution in DM

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2
Q

Proparacaine

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked

MABA – If someone is allergic to proparacaine, give Benoxinate or Tetracaine instead

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3
Q

Atropine

A

Cycloplegic (1% used most often)
Anterior uveitis, posterior synechiae, cycloplegic refraction for suspected accommodative esotropia, occlusion therapy for amblyopia, pupillary dilation, myopia control
20 drops of 1% solution can be FATAL to a child. Use judiciously in Down’s Syndrome Pts

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4
Q

Mannitol

A

Hyperosmotic (IV)
Safe for diabetics
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies

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5
Q

NaFl

A

Vital dye
Highlights intracellular spaces between cells
Minimal uptake into healthy cells
Better for viewing cornea

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6
Q

Benoxinate

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked
PABA
Available only as Fluress

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7
Q

Urea

A

Hyperosmotic (IV)
Rapid reduction of elevated IOP in an emergency such as in acute angle closure
CI sulfa allergies

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8
Q

Tetracaine

A

Anesthetic: ester-linked

PABA

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9
Q

Blink Tears

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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10
Q

Sodium Chloride

A

Hyperosmotic (Topical OTC)

Treats corneal edema

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11
Q

Rose Bengal

A

Vital dye
Stains dead/devitalized cells AND normal cells
Better for viewing conjunctiva

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12
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cycloplegic
Severe anterior uveitis, treatment of posterior synechiae, cycloplegia, pupillary dilation, substitution for atropine sensitive pts

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13
Q

Cocaine

A

Anesthetic + Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic (ester-linked)
Results in mydriasis and vasoconstriction
Blocks Na channels as well as neuronal uptake of NE
Dx of Horner’s (affected eye will not dilate!)
Avoid in pts with systemic HTN

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14
Q

Refresh Optive

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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15
Q

Lidocaine

A

Anesthetic (injectable or topical): Amide-linked

Indicated for ocular surface anesthesia during ophthalmic procedures

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16
Q

Systane Ultra

A

Artificial tears
Mild Dry Eye
Mainly for aqueous deficient or nonspecific dryness

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17
Q

Lissamine Green

A

Vital dye
Stains dead or devitalized cells only (NOT healthy cells, unlike Rose Bengal)
Better for viewing conjunctiva

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18
Q

Lidoderm

A

Anesthetic (patch): amide-linked

Apply to intact skin for pain of post-herpetic neuralgia

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19
Q

Homatropine

A 
Cycloplegic
Anterior Uveitis (5%), pupillary dilation
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20
Q

EMLA Cream

A

Anesthetic: amide-linked

Cream used for post-herpetic neuralgia or pre-op for removing benign skin lesions

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21
Q

Lidocaine Hydrochloride

A

Anesthetic: amide-linked
Tissue infiltration: benign lid excision, chalazion excision, treatment of trichiasis w/ argon laser photocoagulation Facial nerve block Retrobulbar nerve block

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22
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

Cycloplegic
Mild anterior uveitis, drug of choice for cycloplegic refraction
More CNS effects than Atropine

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23
Q

Epinephrine

A

Used in conjunction with anesthetics

Prolongs drug duration by causing vasoconstriction, which decreases systemic absorption and bleeding

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24
Q

Tropicamide

A

Cycloplegic

Drug of choice for pupillary dilation

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25
Tea Tree Oil
Lid hygiene | Used for Demodex
26
Refresh PM Ointment
``` Artificial tears (ointment) Apply before bed; can blur vision ```
27
OcuSOFT, Systane Lid Wipes, Blink Lid-Clean
Lid hygiene
28
Lacrisert
Used for treatment of dry eye
29
Blink contacts
Artificial tears--good for CL wearers
30
Systane Night Time
``` Artificial tears (ointment) Apply before bed; can blur vision ```
31
Refresh Contacts
Artificial tears--good for CL wearers
32
FreshKote
Treats Fuch’s corneal dystrophy, Recurrent Corneal Erosions (RCE), Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD) – pulls water out of the cornea and moves cells closer together
33
Pilocarpine
Miotic Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered
34
Refresh Redness Relief (Phenylephrine 0.12%)
Anti-Allergy: Decongestant Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief
35
Restasis
Immunomodulator/immunosuppressant | Best used in pts with inflammatory dry eye syndrome
36
Pilopine HS gel
Miotic Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered
37
Doxycycline, Minocycline
Great for rosacea, MGD, RCE and reducing K scarring | Anti-inflammatory properties
38
Phenergan
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine First generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis
39
Ocusert Pilocarpine
Miotic Treatment of POAG, Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma, Acute angle closure glaucoma Diagnose Aides Tonic Pupil: the sphincter with be hypersensitive and will constrict when 0.125% is administered Zero order kinetics
40
Amniotic Membranes: ProKera, AmbioDisk, BioDOptix
Used for non-healing or slow-healing epithelial defects | Stored in ciprofloxacin, amphotericin B so be careful of allergies to anti-fungals or fluoroquinolones
41
Clear Eyes (Naphazoline)
Anti-Allergy: Decongestant Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief
42
Visine (Tetrahydrozoline)
Anti-Allergy: Decongestant Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief
43
Mucomyst
Anti-allergy: breaks down mucoid component of mucous plaques Treatment of thick mucus secretions in various lung problems Used off label to break down mucus plaques in severe dry eye, severe allergies and HZV
44
Benadryl
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine First generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis
45
Visine L.R. (Oxymetazoline)
Anti-Allergy: Decongestant Agonize adrenergic receptors present in conjunctival blood vessels resulting in constriction Relief of red eye redness – provide only palliative relief
46
Tavist
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine First generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis
47
Chlor-Trimeton
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine First generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis
48
Dimetapp Allergy
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine First generation Only mildly sedating Treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis
49
Phenylephrine
Mydriatic: direct acting adrenergic antagonist No cycloplegic effect Treatment of red eye, break posterior synechiae, causes palpebral widening, differentiates scleritis from episcleritis Diagnosis of Horner's syndrome: If mydriasis occurs: post-ganglionic If no mydriasis: central or pre-ganglionic
50
Zyrtec
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine Second generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis
51
Allegra
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine Second generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis
52
Claritin
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine Second generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis
53
Clarinex
Anti-allergy: oral antihistamine Second generation Treatment of allergic rhinitis
54
Paremyd
Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic antagonist Hydroxyamphetamine + tropicamide Stimulates release of NE and inhibits NE reuptake No cycloplegic effect Diagnosis of Horner's syndrome: If mydriasis occurs: central or pre-ganglionic If no mydriasis: post-ganglionic
55
Emadine
Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Short term relief of acute symptoms
56
Vasocon-A
Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Antazoline phosphate + naphazoline
57
Naphcon-A
Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline
58
Visine-A
Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline
59
Opcon-A
Anti-allergy: topical antihistamine + decongestant Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pheniramine maleate + naphazoline
60
Cocaine
Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic agonist Inhibits reuptake of NE Diagnosis of Horner's syndrome: Affected pupil does not dilate to 10% cocaine Deep topical anesthesia
61
Alamast
Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer Treatment of chronic allergic conjunctivitis Takes 5-14 days for full effect
62
Alocril
Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer Treatment of chronic allergic conjunctivitis Takes 5-14 days for full effect
63
Alomide
Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer Treatment of VKC Takes 5-14 days for full effect
64
Crolom
Anti-allergy: mast cell stabilizer Treatment of VKC Takes 5-14 days for full effect
65
Optivar
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
66
Elestat
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
67
Bepreve
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
68
Hydroxyamphetamine
Mydriatic: indirect acting adrenergic antagonist Stimulates release of NE and inhibits NE reuptake No cycloplegic effect Diagnosis of Horner's syndrome: If mydriasis occurs: central or pre-ganglionic If no mydriasis: post-ganglionic
69
Patanol
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
70
Pataday
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
71
Pazeo
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
72
Lastacaft
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category B (better for pregnant women!)
73
Alaway/Zaditor/TheraTears Allergy Itch Relief
Anti-allergy: dual action drug Antihistamine + mast cell stabilizer Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Pregnancy category C
74
Acular (Ketorolac 0.5%)
Anti-allergy: NSAID Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching
75
Acular LS (Ketorolac 0.4%)
Anti-allergy: NSAID Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching
76
Acuvail (Ketorolac 0.45%)
Anti-allergy: NSAID Relief of itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis Blocks the COX pathway to prevent inflammatory mediators Increase the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings to help alleviate itching
77
Alrex (Loteprednol 0.2%)
Anti-allergy: steroid | Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (moderate to severe), especially if the cornea is affected
78
Lotemax (Loteprednol 0.5%)
Anti-allergy: steroid Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved
79
Fluoromethalone
Anti-allergy: steroid Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved
80
Prednisolone Acetate
Anti-allergy: steroid Indicated for post-op inflammation, used off label for moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis, especially if the cornea is involved
81
Veramyst, Nasacort (Triamcinolone acetonide)
Anti-allergy: steroid | Treatment of allergic rhinitis and off label for ocular allergies
82
Flonase (Fluticasone propionate)
Anti-allergy: steroid | Treatment of allergic rhinitis and off label for ocular allergies
83
Prednisone
Anti-allergy: steroid | Treatmment of systemic allergic reactions (poison ivy, hypersensitivity rxns to oral meds)
84
Singulair
Anti-allergy Blocks leukotrienes, preventing bronchoconstriction and chemotaxis Treatment of asthma, bronchoconstriction, and allergic rhinitis
85
Restasis
Anti-allergy Immunomodulator that inhibits activation/proliferation of T cells Treatment of inflammatory dry eye, used off label for chronic allergies
86
Rev-Eyes
Mydriolytic: adrenergic antagonist Reverses effects of mydriatics Causes miosis, conjunctival injection, and ptosis Treatment of angle closure glaucoma
87
Systane contacts
Artificial tears--good for CL wearers
88
Systane balance
``` Artificial tears (lipid based) Good for MGD ```
89
Refresh optive advanced
``` Artificial tears (lipid based) Good for MGD ```
90
Soothe XP
``` Artificial tears (lipid based) Good for MGD ```

Ocular Pharmacology (2 decks)

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